CN109222059A - 一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法 - Google Patents
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,首先对杏鲍菇进行漂烫前处理,可以使过氧化物酶失活,可以抑制褐变的发生,保持杏鲍菇脆片的色泽;再通过复合浸渍液对其进行浸渍,麦芽糊精、L‑半胱氨酸、D‑抗坏血酸和柠檬酸四种护色剂具有协同护色效果,氯化钠和蔗糖对风味有显著的影响,可提高杏鲍菇脆片产品风味的丰富性和饱满度;最后对杏鲍菇片进行预冻以及预干燥后进行变温压差干燥,通过合理控制膨化压力差、膨化温度、抽空温度以及时间,所制作的杏鲍菇脆片,与传统工艺制成的脆片相比,杏鲍菇脆片的营养、色泽、酥脆性都有一定的提高,不仅为杏鲍菇脆片的加工提供了新型的生产工艺,同时为杏鲍菇产业化发展提供新的方向。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食用菌深加工技术领域,尤其涉及一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法。
背景技术
杏鲍菇,名刺芹侧耳,是一种珍稀食用菌,不仅可以食用,还可应用于药物和食疗。目前市场上的杏鲍菇制品主要有杏鲍菇提取物制品、杏鲍菇果肉调味品和杏鲍菇酱等。随着社会的发展和人们生活水平的提高,人们对营养休闲食品的要求越来越高。由于其丰富、健康的营养价值逐渐受到人们的青睐,杏鲍菇产品也慢慢向环保化、天然化、营养化、功能化发展,基于此,杏鲍菇脆片这种天然脱水干制休闲食品便应运而生,而且果蔬脆片制品具有色泽自然、口感松脆、口味宜人、纯天然、高营养、低热量和低脂肪的优点。
目前工业上正在使用的杏鲍菇脆片的加工方法有真空油炸、冷冻干燥、微波干燥等,但这几种加工方式都有其不足之处。真空油炸干燥因于其含油量远远超过10%,对其口感及保质期造成很大的影响;而真空冷冻干燥设备投资大,连续化程度低,极大的影响了杏鲍菇脆片的规模化生产;微波干燥工艺产品也有其不足之处,具体表现为干燥不均匀,干燥终点无法准确判断,微波泄漏等。变温压差膨化技术又称为爆炸膨化,是一种果蔬脆片加工方法,其产品以营养保持良好,口感酥脆,香气浓郁而得到长足发展,但主要集中于变温压差膨化水果脆片方面,对于蔬菜及食用菌的干燥仍处于初级阶段,特别是对于变温压差膨化杏鲍菇脆片的研究还处在探索阶段。本发明拟将变温压差膨化技术用在杏鲍菇脆片的制备中,以满足需求。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)选择外部饱满、大小一致、无病虫害侵蚀、无霉变的新鲜杏鲍菇,用清水反复清洗,直至清洗时候的水澄清为止,将杏鲍菇纵切成2-3mm厚度的均一切片,然后将杏鲍菇切片进行漂烫处理后沥干取出;
(2)将漂烫沥干后的杏鲍菇片浸渍在复合浸渍液中30-40分钟,将清洗及浸渍处理之后的杏鲍菇放到沥水筛上进行沥水处理,直至无水滴落下,单层摆盘,于一定温度下速冻处理;
(3)将步骤(2)预冻之后的杏鲍菇切片送入真空冷冻机中进行真空冷冻干燥,控制一定的真空度,干燥至水分含量小于30%,然后取出,将预干燥后的产品置于25-30℃下软化3小时;
(4)将软化后的杏鲍菇片均匀平铺于变温压差膨化机组膨化罐的钢丝筛上,密封,打开蒸汽发生器及空气压缩机,设定膨化温度以及压力差,达到标准后保持12-14分钟,打开泄压阀,同时关闭蒸汽发生器,打开冷凝水,待达到设定的抽空温度时进行抽空处理,当达到干燥终点时关闭真空泵,关闭泄压阀,同时打开冷凝水,使温度降至20-30℃,保持3-4分钟,开罐取出杏鲍菇脆片即可。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(1)所述的漂烫处理,是指在95℃水中漂烫1.5分钟。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(2)所述的复合浸渍液,制备方法为将是麦芽糊精、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、D-抗坏血酸、氯化钠、蔗糖加入到适量的蒸馏水中,得到麦芽糊精浓度为30.67%、柠檬酸为0.59%、L-半胱氨酸为0.18%、D-抗坏血酸为0.11%、氯化钠0.9%、蔗糖3.0%即可。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(2)所述的与一定温度下速冻处理,是指在-40℃下速冻12小时。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(3)所述的控制一定的真空度,是指9-10Pa的真空度。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(4)所述的设定膨化温度以及压力差为膨化压力差0.2MPa、膨化温度90℃;所述的待达到设定的抽空温度时进行抽空处理,具体的设定的抽空温度为80℃,抽空处理60-70分钟。
本发明的优点是:本发明首先对杏鲍菇进行漂烫前处理,通过控制合理的漂烫温度以及时间,可以使过氧化物酶失活,可以抑制褐变的发生,保持杏鲍菇脆片的色泽;再通过复合浸渍液对其进行浸渍,麦芽糊精、L-半胱氨酸、D-抗坏血酸和柠檬酸四种护色剂具有协同护色效果,氯化钠和蔗糖对风味有显著的影响,可提高杏鲍菇脆片产品风味的丰富性和饱满度;最后对杏鲍菇片进行预冻以及预干燥后进行变温压差干燥,通过合理控制膨化压力差、膨化温度、抽空温度以及时间,所制作的杏鲍菇脆片,与传统工艺制成的脆片相比,杏鲍菇脆片的营养、色泽、酥脆性都有一定的提高,不仅为杏鲍菇脆片的加工提供了新型的生产工艺,同时为杏鲍菇脆片的产业化发展提供新的方向,值得推广。
具体实施方式
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)选择外部饱满、大小一致、无病虫害侵蚀、无霉变的新鲜杏鲍菇,用清水反复清洗,直至清洗时候的水澄清为止,将杏鲍菇纵切成2mm厚度的均一切片,然后将杏鲍菇切片在95℃水中漂烫1.5分钟后沥干取出;
(2)将漂烫沥干后的杏鲍菇片浸渍在复合浸渍液中30分钟,将清洗及浸渍处理之后的杏鲍菇放到沥水筛上进行沥水处理,直至无水滴落下,单层摆盘,在-40℃下速冻12小时;
(3)将步骤(2)预冻之后的杏鲍菇切片送入真空冷冻机中进行真空冷冻干燥,控制9Pa的真空度,干燥至水分含量小于30%,然后取出,将预干燥后的产品置于25℃下软化3小时;
(4)将软化后的杏鲍菇片均匀平铺于变温压差膨化机组膨化罐的钢丝筛上,密封,打开蒸汽发生器及空气压缩机,设定膨化压力差0.2MPa、膨化温度90℃,达到标准后保持12分钟,打开泄压阀,同时关闭蒸汽发生器,打开冷凝水,待达到设定的设定的抽空温度80℃,抽空处理60分钟,达到干燥终点时关闭真空泵,关闭泄压阀,同时打开冷凝水,使温度降至20℃,保持3分钟,开罐取出杏鲍菇脆片即可。
一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,步骤(2)所述的复合浸渍液,制备方法为将是麦芽糊精、柠檬酸、L半胱氨酸、D抗坏血酸、氯化钠、蔗糖加入到适量的蒸馏水中,得到麦芽糊精浓度为30.67%、柠檬酸为0.59%、L半胱氨酸为0.18%、D抗坏血酸为0.11%、氯化钠0.9%、蔗糖3.0%即可。
Claims (6)
1.一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
(1)选择外部饱满、大小一致、无病虫害侵蚀、无霉变的新鲜杏鲍菇,用清水反复清洗,直至清洗时候的水澄清为止,将杏鲍菇纵切成2-3mm厚度的均一切片,然后将杏鲍菇切片进行漂烫处理后沥干取出;
(2)将漂烫沥干后的杏鲍菇片浸渍在复合浸渍液中30-40分钟,将清洗及浸渍处理之后的杏鲍菇放到沥水筛上进行沥水处理,直至无水滴落下,单层摆盘,于一定温度下速冻处理;
(3)将步骤(2)预冻之后的杏鲍菇切片送入真空冷冻机中进行真空冷冻干燥,控制一定的真空度,干燥至水分含量小于30%,然后取出,将预干燥后的产品置于25-30℃下软化3小时;
(4)将软化后的杏鲍菇片均匀平铺于变温压差膨化机组膨化罐的钢丝筛上,密封,打开蒸汽发生器及空气压缩机,设定膨化温度以及压力差,达到标准后保持12-14分钟,打开泄压阀,同时关闭蒸汽发生器,打开冷凝水,待达到设定的抽空温度时进行抽空处理,当达到干燥终点时关闭真空泵,关闭泄压阀,同时打开冷凝水,使温度降至20-30℃,保持3-4分钟,开罐取出杏鲍菇脆片即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的漂烫处理,是指在95℃水中漂烫1.5分钟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的复合浸渍液,制备方法为将是麦芽糊精、柠檬酸、L-半胱氨酸、D-抗坏血酸、氯化钠、蔗糖加入到适量的蒸馏水中,得到麦芽糊精浓度为30.67%、柠檬酸为0.59%、L-半胱氨酸为0.18%、D-抗坏血酸为0.11%、氯化钠0.9%、蔗糖3.0%即可。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的与一定温度下速冻处理,是指在-40℃下速冻12小时。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述的控制一定的真空度,是指9-10Pa的真空度。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种采用变温压差干燥制备杏鲍菇脆片的方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)所述的设定膨化温度以及压力差为膨化压力差0.2MPa、膨化温度90℃;所述的待达到设定的抽空温度时进行抽空处理,具体的设定的抽空温度为80℃,抽空处理60-70分钟。
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