CN109220477A - A kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling Labor-saving mating system - Google Patents
A kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling Labor-saving mating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220477A CN109220477A CN201811272470.8A CN201811272470A CN109220477A CN 109220477 A CN109220477 A CN 109220477A CN 201811272470 A CN201811272470 A CN 201811272470A CN 109220477 A CN109220477 A CN 109220477A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling Labor-saving mating systems, this method changes traditional forest and manually collects seed, chooses seeds, winter hiding, seed soaking, sowing, the traditional method of crop field seedbed cultivating and managing, but tailo mountainous region selects to grow directly from seeds, healthy and strong, nearly ripe elite stand is as high-quality provenance, 2m range site preparation, overlay film outside its crown mapping area, semicircle seedbed is established in the shading portion of its tree crown, Seed cloth is set up under tree crown and collects kind in batches in fact；After seed selection, with adopting with broadcasting, Gai Sha, overlay film and seedbed management avoid the security risk of artificial seed collecting operation to considerably reduce seed collecting nursery process, improve kind of a real quality.After seed is unearthed, seedling bud grows or is retained for cultivation of container seedling seedbed and cultivates.The present invention improves seedling quality and economic benefit, accomplishes to breed to maximum potential qualified seedling on limited high-quality kind of real number amount, limited nursery soil, easy, practical, and mountainous region is facilitated to build.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to achievements in forest-tree seedling raising technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Ke Youzhi kind is paid to be collected and the breeding of seedling seedling
The method of technology.
Background technique
Achievements in forest-tree seedling is the important material base of forestry development, is the first working procedure of Forest management.Currently, China mountainous region is green
Change in construction and seedling is often cultivated using normalized artificial seed collecting and land for growing field crops or the mode of container seedling industrial seedling rearing；
The extensive artificial breeding gimmick for mostly using different provenances, different quality seeds to mix on seed collection, provenance
It is chaotic, seed storage loss late is big, growth of seedling is different, and easily generates the pest and disease damage of seedling, seriously affect seeling industry at
Effect.Not only process is more, cumbersome, at high cost, risk is big, the land seizure time is long for this seed collecting and nursery production model.Cause
This need construction few, practical, easy, the easy pillar of one achievements in forest-tree seedling Caiyu process the high-quality provenance of evergreen broadleaf forest acquisition with
Nursery mode and method.
The zonal vegetation in Subtropic of China area is evergreen broadleaf forest, is to drill over 10000000 year the adaptation of regional natural conditions
It is changing to withstand natural calamities and the ability of pest and disease damage as a result, having, it is the important foundation that regional vegetation restores.Ke
(Lithocarpusglaber) widely distributed in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved wildwood, divide on hillside of the hypo lower than 800m
Cloth quantity is more, it is not only one of constructive species of evergreen broadleaf forest, and in the top woods stage in forest succession's early period to later period
With the presence of certain quantity, its important ecologic niche is embodied.Ke is evergreen broad-leaved megaphanerophyte, and tree is up to 18m, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is reachable
62cm, single wood accumulation reach 2.8m3；Timber is hard, flexible, durable, rotproofness is strong, high-quality for building, shipbuilding and furniture
With material, there is important economic value and ecological benefits.
It being lacked since the elite stand of the closely mature fine provenance of Ke Xianyou is deficient, the solid age is later, and solid interval in good year is 1 year,
Seed grows 20.28 ± 1.32mm, seed wide 12.71 ± 1.89mm, 1.70 ± 0.62kg of mass of 1000 kernel, seed-producing rate 82%.The heavily fortified point of Ke
Fruit is larger, belongs to gravity circulation way, the solid phase in good year is largely scattered in around elite stand, since nut starch rich in can
Edible, kind often enters harm by the moth for nibbling food and insect pest of the feeding of people and beast evil after being scattered in fact, and nut is difficult to save；Correlative study
Show the good year solid in Ke, the Seed Rain amount of being scattered is big and concentrates, but dissipates and great-hearted kind is fallen behind in forest surface seed bank
Sub- reserves are low, and seedling amount is few.Therefore carrying out Ke Youzhi kind, acquisition and the raising technology research work of seedling Labor-saving seem quarter not in fact
Rong Huan.
It is found by being retrieved to the prior art, road Yi Guan etc. is " seven kinds of tree species nursery of Fagaceae and afforestation effect are tentatively seen
Survey ", Zhang Deming etc. people has been carried out to the seedling of the tree species such as Ke in " Southern Subtropical Forests seed is sprouted and Seedling Morphology of Plants "
The experiment of work field seedling raising, but on the one hand the above method is confined to only provide the nursery and morphologic observation of seed, do not provide Ke elite stand
Solid and Seed Rain is scattered feature, earth's surface seedling library dynamic and effective building mating system and case study, on the other hand not
It can go wrong to building Ke Youzhi kind reality and seedling raising technology and use for reference and dissect optimization.Above method process is more, at
This height, provenance are chaotic, the serious breeding production for restricting Ke's high quality seedling.Therefore, pass through static state, dynamic, elite stand and habitat system
The environmental suitability of three angle research plants procreation, while according to plant growth and development, Grain-Filling Characteristics, Seed Rain is scattered, is native
Earth seed bank and seedling growth rule carry out effective ecological assemblage, implement the cultivation of Ke Youzhi seedling Labor-saving and have become in solution
State the task of top priority of problem.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling mating systems, to improve tree seed product
Matter simplifies nursery process, improves germination percentage planting percent, the speed of growth, reduces pest and disease damage, reduces cost and unit seedling output.
Realizing the object of the invention specific technical solution is:
A kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling Labor-saving mating system, this method comprising the following specific steps
(1) in Ke's solid phase in good year, select defect individual healthy and strong, mature on tailo mountainous region as elite stand；
(2) forest land cleaning is carried out within the scope of 2m outside elite stand crown mapping area, removes shrub, bamboo clump, weeds and stone,
And smooth forest land, place is provided to collect to be scattered kind of reality and establish seedbed；
(3) within the scope of the cleaning forest land of elite stand tree crown western part, set up that Xi Gaodong is low, half fan shape shading seedbed；It is required that seedling
Bed is deep to cultivate, depth 20cm, smooth, target is thin, without weeds and litter and applies base manure, and overlay film moisturizing；
(4) mid-November to early December clears up forest land range under elite stand tree crown and sets up Seed cloth collection, holds for 7 days 1 time
It is continuous to collect kind of a reality；It chooses seeds after immersion in flowing water small stream in batches in fact to receiving to plant；
(5) kind received is carried out in fact with adopting with broadcasting, Wide-strip program request is sowed bandwidth 22cm, intervallum 7cm, or spread
It broadcasts, density is 600 every square metre, broadcasts rear cover sand, husky thickness 0.8cm is covered, epiphragma moisturizing of watering, then one layer of sunshade net of lid again
Protection；
(6) to the carry out seedling management of seedbed duration, periodically watering, prevention and treatment beast evil, weeding are loosened the soil, timely after-culture and disease
Pest control and people and animals' interference damage.
The judgment criteria of healthy and strong, the mature excellent elite stand of selection described in step (1) be grow directly from seeds, vitality is strong, trunk it is logical it is straight,
Satisfactorily, tree crown tall and big, broad, not Chong Die with tree crown around, no disease and pests harm nearly ripe age or middle age elite stand.
Seedbed is set up described in step (3) to require to be every square metre of application calcium superphosphate 1kg after cultivating ground, is stirred, is built with soil
The wide 1-1.2m in seedbed, the high 0.2m in seedbed.
Seed selection described in step (4) requires to be to impregnate 6h in flowing water small stream hole, removes the bad seed of floating and seed of damaging by worms, obtains
It removes and sinks great-hearted kind of reality.
Described in step (5) sow rear cover sand the fresh river sand of requirement, grade be in thick grade.
Seedling management described in step (6) is periodically watered: watering in fine day 5 days is primary, watering 1 in 8 days after cloudy day or rainy day
It is secondary.
The evil of prevention and treatment beast described in step (6) is the amount retained of vibrant seed in the surface seed bank of running check seedbed；
Red conspicuous ribbon is hung around seedbed, drives birds and beasts feeding and carries harm.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention according to growth and development, reproduction and the properties and characteristics of plant, kind it is real be scattered rule select to grow directly from seeds, it is healthy and strong,
Nearly provenance of the ripe elite stand monomer as high-quality heredity, so as to avoid artificial security risk and the provenance mixed questions of collecting seed of climbing tree,
Improve seed quality；Children is determined to the differential response of illumination, the soil texture, humidity, soil nutrient according to forest land plant seedlings
The control environment that seedling is cultivated selects the shading portion under elite stand crown canopy to set up seedbed progress seedling using the heterogeneous feature of microenvironment
The limitation and determinant of breeding；River sand covering by adaptation to local conditions is soaked seed, chooses seeds and adds, to store for seed earth's surface
Suitable environment is provided with germination；By with adopting with broadcasting and overlay film conservation, hence it is evident that reduce the seed that field is grown seedlings in mountainous region
Beast does harm to feeding, carrying and Harmfulness, it is ensured that garden ground seed owning amount；After sub- seedling breaks ground, implements sprout transplanting, ensure that seedling
It is uniformly distributed, is managed and protected by seedling stage in later period, with accomplishing limited areal garden and kind real number amount cultivates qualified high-quality son to the maximum extent
Seedling and current year raw seedling, significantly improve seedling quality and qualified seedling ratio quantity, simplify process, reduce cost.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to implement schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Refering to fig. 1, the present embodiment is located at the Ningbo of Zhejiang city Yinzhou District forest farm Tian Tong Mount Taibai, height above sea level 380m, slope aspect east, slope
16 ° of degree, red soil, thickness of soil about 85cm, loamy texture.Implement in Schima superba, Ke evergreen broad-leaved wildwood, Canopy densities 0.6.
(1) elite stand selects
Select 1 plant of diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 30cm, grow directly from seeds, vitality is strong, form is straight, satisfactory, tree crown is tall and big, the work of hat width 8m × 8m health
For seed collecting parent.
(2) it clears up with collecting seed
On August 30th, 2009 outside elite stand crown mapping area within the scope of 2m, remove filling, bamboo, grass, rattan, smooth forest farm, general
The branches and leaves residuum of removing is placed in the portion of going up a hill outside elite stand cleaning ground；Clear up the moisturizing of ground overlay film.
(3) seedbed is established and plants paid collection
On November 1st, 2009 throws off overlay film in elite stand good year kind period of being scattered in fact, (contains tree crown in the shading portion in tree crown west side
Extend out 2m) it sets up in semi-circular range as seedbed, it deducts outside butt 1m, actually active seedbed area is 40.0m2, cultivate
Ground spy cultivates deep 15cm, and applies every square metre of 1kg calcium superphosphate as base manure；Set up seedbed；Then again in crown mapping face
The lower Seed cloth collection kind that is laid with of product is real, and persistent collection 5 times.
(4) seed treatment
The kind received is continued to immerse in batches in fact in stream small stream and is impregnated, time 6h, it is real to take out heavy water kind, remove float bad seed and
It damages by worms seed.
(5) sow
It with adopting with broadcasting on seedbed, is sowed with Wide-strip, sows bandwidth 22cm, intervallum 7cm；Every square of bunch plating amount
1kg (600) mixes covering thoroughly using fresh river sand and soil after broadcasting, and cladding thickness 0.8m is compacted after watering on seedbed, respectively
Cover plastic film for agricultural use and sunshade net, and around the seedbed on hang conspicuous ribbon and drive birds and beasts, provide safe guarantor for seed bank deposit
Barrier.
(6) seedling management
Film is taken off in mid-March in next year to cultivate, and periodically removes the litter that weeds and tree crown on seedbed are scattered；Selection
Sprout is transplanted after bai-u rainy period, the seeding row spacing of field planting is 7cm × 7cm, is watered respectively before transplanting and after field planting each primary；It is fixed
Pest and disease damage is loosened the soil and is prevented and treated in phase weeding.
Good effect
In November, 2009 in the Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Yinzhou District forest farm Tian Tong Mount Taibai Cai get Ke kind reality 15kg, carries out tradition kind
Sub- seed selection, damp sand storage, vernalization, sowing and field seedling raising and with selected in day child forest zone Schima superba, Ke Shu evergreen broadleaf forest it is high-quality
Elite stand carries out that crown canopy sows real acquisition and seedling breeds comparative test according to (1) in above-mentioned steps 1 to (5).Investigation tradition respectively
Field seedling raising and Ke's percentage of seedgermination of the invention, the raw height of seedling of average year and Collar diameter growth and per kilogram seed produce seedling quantity, knot
Fruit shows: the method for the present invention and the traditional technology 1 year raw height of seedling that is averaged are divided into 19cm and 18cm；The technology of the present invention is than traditional nursery skill
Art is averaged 1 year raw height of seedling 5.5%；Average ground diameter is respectively 4.1mm and 3.9mm, and the present invention is averaged ground diameter increase than traditional nursery
5.1%；It is respectively 450 plants and 356 plants that per kilogram seed, which produces qualified seedling quantity, and the present invention is than traditional nursery per kilogram seed seedling-raising
Strain number improves 26%.This illustrates that the present invention not only significantly promotes the growth (table 1) of seedling, but also yield per unit area is also obvious
It improves.
The effect of 1 two kinds of method for culturing seedlings of table compares
Table 2 is the paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling mating system
Embodiment 2
Autumn in 2011 puts sheep out to pasture the Schima superba of Shandong south slope aspect in day child forest farm, selects 1 plant of Ke's diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground in rice sweet oak evergreen broadleaf forest
26cm sets high 12m, the high-quality elite stand of nearly ripe age health of hat width 6m × 5.8m, according to the step (2) and (3) progress in embodiment 1
Seedbed is cleared up and set up under elite stand crown canopy, and seedbed is set to western shading position, the semi-circular area 26m in seedbed under elite stand crown canopy2(i.e.
Within the scope of the outer 2m of crown mapping area, 0.5m distance is retained in elite stand foundation), effective seedbed area 18m2.According to 1 step of embodiment
Suddenly (4) and (5) carry out kind of paid collection and collect 5 batches of kind realities in November 3 to December 4, count 34kg, impregnate 6h in flowing water small stream hole
After obtain great-hearted seed 27.5kg (weight in wet base), points of 3 batches sowings are cultivated, next year obtains true leaf 3- by the end of May by seedling stage in later period
0.69 ten thousand plants of sub- seedling of 5 health qualifications.This illustrates the method for the present invention in limited nursery soil, the premise of limited kind of real number amount
Under, sub- seedling can be cultivated to the maximum extent, and cultivation of container seedling is provided, production requirement is met.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of paid collection of Ke Youzhi kind and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that this method includes walking in detail below
It is rapid:
(1) in Ke's solid phase in good year, select defect individual healthy and strong, mature on tailo mountainous region as elite stand；
(2) forest land cleaning is carried out within the scope of 2m outside elite stand crown mapping area, removes shrub, bamboo clump, weeds and stone, and put down
Whole forest land provides place to collect to be scattered kind of reality and establish seedbed；
(3) within the scope of the cleaning forest land of elite stand tree crown western part, set up that Xi Gaodong is low, half fan shape shading seedbed；It is required that seedbed is deep
It cultivates, depth 20cm, it is smooth, target is thin, without weeds and litter and applies base manure, and overlay film moisturizing；
(4) mid-November to early December clears up forest land range under elite stand tree crown and sets up Seed cloth collection, 7 days 1 time lasting receipts
Take kind of a reality；It chooses seeds after immersion in flowing water small stream in batches in fact to receiving to plant；
(5) kind received is carried out in fact with adopting with broadcasting, Wide-strip program request is sowed bandwidth 22cm, intervallum 7cm, or broadcasted sowing, close
Degree is 600 every square metre, broadcasts rear cover sand, covers husky thickness 0.8cm, epiphragma moisturizing of watering, then one layer of sunshade net protection of lid again；
(6) to the carry out seedling management of seedbed duration, periodically watering, prevention and treatment beast evil, weeding are loosened the soil, timely after-culture and pest and disease damage
Prevention and treatment and people and animals' interference damage.
2. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that step
(1) judgment criteria of healthy and strong, the mature excellent elite stand of selection described in be grow directly from seeds, vitality is strong, logical straight, the satisfactory, crown height of trunk
Greatly, broad, nearly ripe age not Chong Die with tree crown around, no disease and pests harm or middle age elite stand.
3. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, it is characterised in that step (3)
Described in set up seedbed require be every square metre of applications calcium superphosphate 1kg after cultivating ground, with soil stirring, build the wide 1-1.2m in seedbed, seedling
Height of bed 0.2m.
4. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that step
(4) seed selection described in requires to be to impregnate 6h in flowing water small stream hole, removes the bad seed of floating and seed of damaging by worms, obtains vibrant
Kind it is real.
5. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that step
(5) described in sowing rear cover sand the fresh river sand of requirement, grade be in thick grade.
6. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that step
(6) seedling management described in is periodically watered: watering in fine day 5 days is primary, waters 1 time within 8 days after cloudy day or rainy day.
7. high-quality kind of Ke paid collection according to claim 1 and seedling Labor-saving mating system, which is characterized in that step
(6) the prevention and treatment beast evil described in is the amount retained of vibrant seed in the surface seed bank of running check seedbed；It is hung around seedbed
If red conspicuous ribbon, drives birds and beasts feeding and carry harm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811272470.8A CN109220477B (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | Method for collecting high-quality seeds of lithocarpus carpio and breeding seedlings in labor-saving manner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811272470.8A CN109220477B (en) | 2018-10-30 | 2018-10-30 | Method for collecting high-quality seeds of lithocarpus carpio and breeding seedlings in labor-saving manner |
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| CN109220477A true CN109220477A (en) | 2019-01-18 |
| CN109220477B CN109220477B (en) | 2021-05-07 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114902907A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-16 | 华东师范大学 | Labor-saving seedling raising method for logging window between target trees of natural magnolia vine |
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| CN103975705A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-08-13 | 山东万路达园林科技有限公司 | Tree seed collector |
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| CN114902907A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-16 | 华东师范大学 | Labor-saving seedling raising method for logging window between target trees of natural magnolia vine |
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