CN109170364A - A kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109170364A CN109170364A CN201811061926.6A CN201811061926A CN109170364A CN 109170364 A CN109170364 A CN 109170364A CN 201811061926 A CN201811061926 A CN 201811061926A CN 109170364 A CN109170364 A CN 109170364A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof, belong to field of fodder, preparation method includes the preparation of the preparation of fermentation fish meal, the preparation of fermented vegetable protein and feed, the preparation step of above-mentioned fermentation fish meal are as follows: by based on the fermentation material of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces inoculation containing aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, fermentation is to get fermentation fish meal.The quality of fermentation fish meal made from preparation method of the present invention is high, can chelate several mineral materials in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, flavor characteristic, and resulting fresh-water fishes are comprehensive with feed nutrition, and production cost is low, can ensure that the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of fodder, and in particular to a kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
China's feedstuff industry is with a long history, and modern feedstuff industry is started late.Social demand in recent years is continuously increased, food
The strong request of product, the fast development of livestock and the people to high-quality livestock products, constantly stimulates to high-quality protein feed
Demand.Fish meal is one kind using marine animal as raw material, is free of by animal protein feed made of corresponding processing technology
There are the substances such as cellulose.Fish meal production is generally divided into raw material fishing, raw material screening, deoils, is dehydrated, the techniques mistake such as crushing packing
Journey.Fish meal mainly contains: protein, fat, various peptide, amino acid, minerals, vitamin and important unknown growth factor
Deng the ratio according to the different mentioned components in the source of raw material is also different.Cultivation it was verified that during swine rearing
The effects of adding a certain amount of fish meal, piglet fast-growth can be promoted to develop, improving galactosis amount and immunity is enhanced.
The somatotrophic unknown factor contained in fish meal could not also be accurate though this substance is explicitly purified to compound not yet
Analysis, but verified this kind of substance can effectively stimulate animal growth.Fish meal also containing be adjustable cell growth with
The small peptide substance of the manifold effects such as other cell functions, can effectively stimulate animal growth.The pig-breeding number in China and
Yield the first in the world is butchered, for the livestock breed aquatics in China and development scale, China is a protein resource again
The country of shortage in short supply can be worth high feed scarcity, and roughage is more, and is unevenly distributed, the good protein feed fish in China
Powder relies primarily on import, is easy to be influenced by international price fluctuation.Domestic fish meal yield relative deficiency, protein content unlike into
The fish meal of mouth, and influenced by artificial adulterated and fraud, so in improvement China's fish meal poor quality and adulterated elimination poor quality fish meal
The problems such as anti-nutritional factors, is extremely urgent.
Fermentation fish meal refers under conditions of manual control, and a system is carried out in fish meal raw material by some beneficial microbes
The metabolism of column and growth and breeding cannot digest those in fish meal raw material to the poisonous and hazardous substance of animal or animal completely
The substance of absorption carries out conversion decomposition, is easy by nontoxic metabolite that animal digests and assimilates and to generate rich in disappearing
Change the forage protein of enzyme and beneficial bacteria body.Its main feature is that avoiding the thermophilic digestion of traditional diamond-making technique, fish can be effectively reduced
Nutrient loss in powder avoids protein from being destroyed, and improves the quality of fish meal, and production technology environmental protection, raw materials for production
It is from a wealth of sources；But the screening of fermenting microbe and the more difficult determination of technological condition for fermentation.Therefore, suitable fermentation process system is selected
The high-quality multifunctional feed protein sources of standby imported fish meal alternative out have more profound significance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof, preparation method fermentation obtained
The quality of fish meal is high, can chelate several mineral materials in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, flavor characteristic；Resulting fresh-water fishes are complete with feed nutrition
Face, production cost is low, can ensure that the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life, used.
The technical solution that the present invention is taken to achieve the above object are as follows:
The present invention is purchased from Beijing Ke Zhan Biotechnology Co., Ltd with strain.
A kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed, the preparation and feeding of preparation, fermented vegetable protein including fermentation fish meal
The preparation of material, the wherein preparation step of fermentation fish meal are as follows: will be inoculated with based on the fermentation material of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces and contain aspergillus niger, natto bud
Spore bacillus, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, ferment to get fermentation fish meal.Compound bacteria includes aspergillus niger, natto bud
Spore bacillus, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Cooperative gain effect can be played between the compound bacteria, can effectively reduce fermentation
Cost, on the one hand can by aquatic products leftover bits and pieces biogenic amine, nonprotein nitrogen substance using being converted into itself mycoprotein,
Sufficient energy is being provided to the same room of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces detoxification for own growth metabolism；It on the other hand can be in the mistake of vital movement
The some digestive enzymes generated in journey, such as protease, cellulase, pectase, phytase, by the macromolecular substances in raw material
It is degraded to the small-molecule substance being easily absorbed and utilized, to reach the anti-nutritional factors eliminated in fish meal and the work for improving fish meal quality
With, the nutritive value of raising fermentation fish meal obtained, and then improve the economic benefit of animal husbandry.
Preferably, fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: plant protein powder and Chinese herbal medicine powder are uniformly mixed, through super
Atomizer crushes, and then uniformly sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.The step is using simple hair
Ferment technique may make bacillus to realize complete fermentation, to play microbial activity, realizes and improves raw material availability and disappear
The effects of changing absorptivity, protect fresh-water fish livers, promoting enteric bacteria balance.
Further preferably, the ingredient and its parts by weight of plant protein powder and Chinese herbal medicine powder are as follows: 18-32 parts of dregs of beans, rapeseed meal 5-9
Part, 8-10 parts of cotton dregs, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 1-2 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 2-3 parts of gallnut extract.
Preferably, the preparation step of feed are as follows: take 9-15 parts of fermentation fish meal, 80-88 parts of fermentation material, miberal powder by weight
It 0.1-0.5 parts, is uniformly mixed to get fresh water fish feed.Aquaculture feed nutrition of the present invention is comprehensive, and production cost is low, energy
Ensure the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life, improve aquatic livestock beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract Microflora, improves aquatic products and support
The using effect for growing feed is good, improves the survival rate of aquatic livestock complete period cultivation, and safety and environmental protection has no toxic side effect, noresidue
With no drug resistance, it is able to satisfy requirement of the food products market to safety, green, organic products in recent years.
Preferably, fermentation material the preparation method comprises the following steps: aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight will be separately added into aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
The itaconic acid and linseed oil of 0.8-1.1% and 2.5-3.0%, is rubbed after mixing evenly, and fermentation assistant and water is added, stirs evenly
Obtain fermentation material.On the one hand aquatic products leftover bits and pieces middle addition itaconic acid and linseed oil before rubbing can play lubrication during rubbing
The effect that pressure is rubbed with sustained release, protects aquatic products leftover bits and pieces cell not to be broken and hydrolyze, and by leftover bits and pieces particle packet after rubbing
It wraps, prevents the microbes in environment from taking advantage of the occasion to invade, cause the putrid and deteriorated of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, guarantee the fresh of fermentation material
Degree, while unsaturated bond therein can interfere in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces pathogenic microorganism to growth factor, cytoplasm and rouge egg
White synthesis, and then pathogenic microorganism is killed, the quality of fermentation material is improved, the final freshness for guaranteeing gained fermentation fish meal；Separately
The special presence of one side itaconic acid and linseed oil can stimulate microorganism to generate more histaminases, diamines during the fermentation
Oxidizing ferment, monoamine oxidase, and then Volatile Base Nitrogen and biogenic amine in the leftover bits and pieces that can degrade well, to fermentation fish meal
Detoxification is carried out, the quality of obtained fermentation fish meal is improved.
More preferably, the additive amount of fermentation assistant is the 15-18% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight；The ingredient of fermentation assistant and its
Parts by weight are as follows: 3-5 parts of dregs of beans, 13-17 parts of straw powder, 1.2-1.5 parts of starch, 5-8 parts of corn flour.It is non-in above-mentioned fermentation assistant
The carbohydrate and carbohydrate of albumen can continue to be that microbial fermentation provides the energy matters such as carbohydrate, meet it and grow needs,
Simultaneously can with can loose culture medium, water holding is ventilative, the good permeability of culture medium is kept, so as to oxygen in fermentation process
Circulation improves oxygen content, can be very good the progress for promoting fermentation and the quality of improvement fermented product, and then improves microorganism and exist
Enzymatic productivity in fermentation process, the enzyme material that furthermore compound bacteria is metabolized out can be by the non-protein macromoleculars in fermentation assistant
Degradation well, keeps the nutrition of fermented feed and energy more comprehensive.
More preferably, the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.3-0.5.
Preferably, aspergillus niger in compound bacteria, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:
3.4-3.8:2.1-2.4:0.5-0.7.The specific proportions of each strain can be such that ferment effect reaches most preferably in the compound bacteria, obtain
In fermentation fish meal containing 0.8% or so active peptide, can chelate the several mineral materials in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, improve cultivated animals
Absorption and utilization to fermentation fish meal Mineral Elements in Jadeite Shellfish are especially suitable for the young of cultivated animals, and can stimulate micro- life
Object metabolite enzymatic hydrolysis aquatic products leftover bits and pieces obtains the delicious enhancing peptide containing positively charged, negative electricity and hydrophobic micel or, assigning
The delicate and fine and smooth flavor of fermentation fish meal is given, enhances its flavor characteristic, and then improves cultivated animals to containing fermented fish of the present invention
The grazing rate of powder feed saves aquaculture cost, improves the economic benefit of animal husbandry.
Preferably, the inoculum concentration of compound bacteria is 2.3-4.5%, the fermentation temperature is 25-33 DEG C, and fermentation time is
90-100h。
Invention additionally discloses fresh water fish feeds made from a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned fresh water fish feed.The present invention
Fresh-water fishes are comprehensive with feed nutrition, and production cost is low, can ensure that the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life, improve fresh water
Fish beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract Microflora, the using effect for improving fresh water fish feed is good, improves surviving for fresh-water fishes complete period cultivation
Rate, safety and environmental protection have no toxic side effect, noresidue and without drug resistance, be able to satisfy in recent years food products market to safety, green, organic production
The requirement of product.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
1) preparation method of the present invention prepares fermentation fish meal using aquatic products leftover bits and pieces as raw material, is divided aquatic products leftover bits and pieces by fermentation
Solution is Organic nutrient needed for growth of animal, reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors in fermentation fish meal, improves the quality of fish meal,
And the metabolin that fermentation generates can ensure that fermentation fish meal keeps its bioactivity within the shelf-life, produce high-quality Multifunctional fermentation
Fish meal；
2) preparation method of fermentation fish meal of the present invention can improve the quality of fermentation material, guarantee the freshness of fermentation material, simultaneously
The Volatile Base Nitrogen and biogenic amine that can be degraded well in leftover bits and pieces carry out detoxification to fermentation fish meal, improve obtained
The quality of fermentation fish meal；
3) containing 0.8% or so in the fermentation fish meal that fresh water fish feed of the present invention is obtained with fermentation fish meal preparation method
Active peptide can chelate the several mineral materials in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, and delicious enhancing peptide can be obtained, and enhance its flavor characteristic, mention
High cultivated animals save aquaculture cost, improve the economic benefit of animal husbandry to the grazing rate for containing fermentation fish meal feed of the present invention；
4) fresh-water fishes of the present invention are comprehensive with feed nutrition, and production cost is low, can ensure that in raw material activity and feed shelf-life
Validity, improve fresh-water fishes enteron aisle probiotics bacterial group's quantity, improve fresh water fish feed using effect it is good, improve fresh-water fishes
The survival rate of complete period cultivation, safety and environmental protection have no toxic side effect, noresidue and without drug resistance, are able to satisfy food products market pair in recent years
The requirement of safety, green, organic products.
Present invention employs above-mentioned technical proposals to provide a kind of fresh water fish feed and preparation method thereof, compensates for existing skill
The deficiency of art, reasonable design, easy operation.
Specific embodiment
The exemplary embodiments for embodying inventive features and advantage will describe in detail in the following description.It should be understood that this hair
It is bright to have various variations in different embodiments, it neither departs from the scope of the present invention, and description therein is at this
It is to be illustrated as being used in matter, rather than to limit the present invention.
In existing market, conventional man-made feeds are nearly all with the fish meal of heat drying (straight fire or steam) technology acquirement
(white fish meal, red fish meal, trash fish powder), the main source as protein；In fish meal processing procedure, protein can often be generated because of fish meal
Coking phenomenon and be damaged；In addition, will cause protein denaturation in hot environment, the digestibility of fish meal can be reduced, nutritive value drop
It is low.This not only causes the waste of resource efficiency, also because of inefficient food utilization, causes the feed efficiency of raising animal lower,
Excreta increase, environmental degradation, illness rate increase, and directly indirectly cause current deposit rate low, feeding cost is significantly increased, especially
Influence to aquaculture (water environment) becomes apparent.The present embodiment, will be under aquatic products by fermentation using aquatic products leftover bits and pieces as raw material
Amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide and Portugal needed for albumen, fat, nucleic acid and polysaccharide in heel are broken down into growth of animal
The preciousness Organic nutrient such as grape sugar, reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors in fermentation fish meal, improves the quality of fish meal, improving it makes
It can ensure that fermentation fish meal keeps its bioactivity within the shelf-life with the metabolin of safety, and generation of fermenting, produce high-quality
Multifunctional fermentation fish meal, safety and environmental protection, the applicability for widening aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, to meet the development of animal husbandry.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed, preparation including fermentation fish meal,
The preparation of fermented vegetable protein and the preparation of feed, the wherein preparation step of fermentation fish meal are as follows: by the hair based on aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
Ferment material inoculation containing aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, ferment to get fermentation fish meal.
Compound bacteria includes aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus.Cooperative gain can be played between the compound bacteria
Effect, can effectively reduce the cost of fermentation, on the one hand can be by the biogenic amine in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces, nonprotein nitrogen substance benefit
With itself mycoprotein is converted into, sufficient energy is being provided for own growth metabolism to the same room of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces detoxification；
On the other hand some digestive enzymes that can be generated during vital movement, such as protease, cellulase, pectase, phytic acid
Macromolecular substances in raw material are degraded to the small-molecule substance being easily absorbed and utilized by enzyme etc., to reach the anti-battalion eliminated in fish meal
It supports the factor and improves the effect of fish meal quality, improve the nutritive value of fermentation fish meal obtained, and then improve the warp of animal husbandry
Ji benefit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: take by weight 18-32 parts of dregs of beans,
5-9 parts of rapeseed meal, 8-10 parts of cotton dregs, 5-10 parts of corn flour, 1-2 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 1-2 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 2-3 parts of gallnut extract mix
It closes uniformly, is crushed to 200-500 mesh through micronizer, then uniformly sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation
Material.The step may make bacillus to realize complete fermentation using simple zymotechnique, so that microbial activity is played, it is real
The effects of now improving raw material availability and digestibility, protect fresh-water fish livers, promoting enteric bacteria balance.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation step of feed are as follows: take 9-15 parts of fermentation fish meal, fermentation material by weight
80-88 parts, 0.1-0.5 parts of miberal powder are uniformly mixed to get fresh water fish feed.The aquaculture feed nutrition is comprehensive, is produced into
This is low, can ensure that the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life, improves aquatic livestock beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract Microflora, improves
The using effect of aquaculture feed is good, the survival rate of raising aquatic livestock complete period cultivation, safety and environmental protection, have no toxic side effect,
Noresidue and without drug resistance, is able to satisfy requirement of the food products market to safety, green, organic products in recent years.
In an embodiment of the present invention, fermentation material the preparation method comprises the following steps: by being separately added under aquatic products in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
The 0.8-1.1% (such as 0.85%, 0.9%, 0.91%, 0.95%, 1.0%, 1.03% etc.) and 2.5-3.0% of heel weight
The itaconic acid and linseed oil of (such as 2.55%, 2.6%, 2.66%, 2.75%, 2.8%, 2.93% etc.), twist after mixing evenly
It is broken, fermentation assistant and water is added, stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material.Aquatic products leftover bits and pieces middle addition itaconic acid and linseed oil one before rubbing
Aspect can play the role of during rubbing lubrication and sustained release rub pressure, protect aquatic products leftover bits and pieces cell be not broken with
Hydrolysis, and wrap leftover bits and pieces particle after rubbing, it prevents the microbes in environment from taking advantage of the occasion to invade, causes aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
It is putrid and deteriorated, guarantee the freshness of fermentation material, while unsaturated bond therein can interfere the micro- life of cause of disease in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
Synthesis of the object to growth factor, cytoplasm and lipoprotein, and then pathogenic microorganism is killed, the quality of fermentation material is improved, it is final to protect
The freshness of card gained fermentation fish meal；The special presence of another aspect itaconic acid and linseed oil can stimulate micro- during the fermentation
Biology generates more histaminases, diamine oxidase, monoamine oxidase, and then the volatility in the leftover bits and pieces that can degrade well
Alkali nitrogen and biogenic amine carry out detoxification to fermentation fish meal, improve the quality of obtained fermentation fish meal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in order to improve ferment effect, the additive amount of fermentation assistant is aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight
The 15-18% of amount, such as 15.5%, 16%, 16.3%, 16.8%, 17.0%, 17.8% etc.；The ingredient of fermentation assistant and its
Parts by weight are as follows: 3-5 parts of dregs of beans, 13-17 parts of straw powder, 1.2-1.5 parts of starch, 5-8 parts of corn flour.It is non-in above-mentioned fermentation assistant
The carbohydrate and carbohydrate of albumen can continue to be that microbial fermentation provides the energy matters such as carbohydrate, meet it and grow needs,
Simultaneously can with can loose culture medium, water holding is ventilative, the good permeability of culture medium is kept, so as to oxygen in fermentation process
Circulation improves oxygen content, can be very good the progress for promoting fermentation and the quality of improvement fermented product, and then improves microorganism and exist
Enzymatic productivity in fermentation process, the enzyme material that furthermore compound bacteria is metabolized out can be by the non-protein macromoleculars in fermentation assistant
Degradation well, keeps the nutrition of fermented feed and energy more comprehensive.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.3-0.5, such as 1:0.35,1:0.4,1:
0.41,1:0.45,1:0.49 etc..
It is black in compound bacteria in order to make the ferment effect of composite bacteria reach optimum range in an embodiment of the present invention
Aspergillus, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:3.4-3.8:2.1-2.4:0.5-0.7, such as
1:3.54:2.1:0.5,1:3.6:2.22:0.5,1:3.6:2.3:0.55,1:3.78:2.38:0.68 etc..It is each in the compound bacteria
The specific proportions of strain can make ferment effect reach the active peptide in the fermentation fish meal most preferably obtained containing 0.8% or so, can be with
The several mineral materials in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces are chelated, absorption and utilization of the cultivated animals to fermentation fish meal Mineral Elements in Jadeite Shellfish are improved,
It is especially suitable for the young of cultivated animals, and microbial metabolic products enzymatic hydrolysis aquatic products leftover bits and pieces can be stimulated to obtain containing band just
Electricity, negative electricity and the delicious of hydrophobic micel enhance peptide or, assigning fermentation fish meal delicate and fine and smooth flavor, enhance its flavor
Feature, and then cultivated animals are improved to the grazing rate for containing fermentation fish meal feed of the present invention, aquaculture cost is saved, animal husbandry is improved
Economic benefit.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the inoculum concentration of compound bacteria is 2.3-4.5%, for example, 2.35%, 2.4%,
2.8%, 3.0%, 3.6%, 4.0% etc., fermentation temperature is 25-33 DEG C (such as 26.5 DEG C, 28 DEG C, 30.5 DEG C, 32 DEG C etc.), hair
The ferment time is 90-100h, such as 92h, 95.5h, 99.8h etc..
Fresh water fish feed made from a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned fresh water fish feed is also disclosed in the present embodiment.This hair
Bright fresh-water fishes are comprehensive with feed nutrition, and production cost is low, can ensure that the validity in raw material activity and feed shelf-life, improve light
Water fish beneficial bacteria of intestinal tract Microflora, improve fresh water fish feed using effect it is good, improve the fresh-water fishes complete period cultivation at
Motility rate, safety and environmental protection have no toxic side effect, noresidue and without drug resistance, be able to satisfy in recent years food products market to safety, green, organic
The requirement of product.
In the following, making in conjunction with specific embodiments to a kind of fresh water fish feed of an embodiment of the present invention and preparation method thereof
It further illustrates.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of fresh water fish feed, including following ingredient and its parts by weight: 9 parts of fermentation fish meal, 80 parts of fermentation material, miberal powder
0.1 part.
Fermentation fish meal the preparation method comprises the following steps: being added by 0.8% and the 2.5% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight into aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
Itaconic acid and linseed oil, are rubbed after mixing evenly, and fermentation assistant and water is added, and the additive amount of fermentation assistant is aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight
The 15% of amount stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material, and the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.3, is then 2.3% inoculation comprising black by inoculum concentration
Aspergillus, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, fermentation temperature be 25 DEG C carry out fermentation 90h must send out
Ferment fish meal.The ingredient and its parts by weight of above-mentioned fermentation assistant are as follows: 3 parts of dregs of beans, 13 parts of straw powder, 1.2 parts of starch, 5 parts of corn flour；
Aspergillus niger in compound bacteria, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:3.4:2.1:0.5.
Fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking 18 parts of dregs of beans, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 8 parts of cotton dregs, corn flour 5 by weight
Part, 1 part of mulberry leaf powder, 1 part of herba houttuyniae powder, 2 parts of gallnut extract are uniformly mixed, are crushed to 200 mesh through micronizer, then
Even sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.
A kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed measures fermentation fish meal, fermentation material, miberal powder by formula, is uniformly mixed, i.e.,
Obtain fresh water fish feed.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of fresh water fish feed, including following ingredient and its parts by weight: 12 parts of fermentation fish meal, 85 parts of fermentation material, miberal powder
0.35 part.
Fermentation fish meal the preparation method comprises the following steps: being added by 1.0% and the 2.8% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight into aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
Itaconic acid and linseed oil, are rubbed after mixing evenly, and fermentation assistant and water is added, and the additive amount of fermentation assistant is aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight
The 16.8% of amount stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material, and the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.4, is then that 3.0% inoculation includes by inoculum concentration
Aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, fermentation temperature be 28 DEG C carry out fermentation 96h obtain
Fermentation fish meal.The ingredient and its parts by weight of above-mentioned fermentation assistant are as follows: 4 parts of dregs of beans, 15 parts of straw powder, 1.35 parts of starch, corn flour
6.5 part；Aspergillus niger in compound bacteria, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:3.6:2.25:
0.6。
Fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: take by weight dregs of beans 25,7 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of cotton dregs, 7 parts of corn flour,
1.5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 1.5 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 2.5 parts of gallnut extract are uniformly mixed, are crushed to 350 mesh through micronizer, then
Uniformly sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.
A kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed measures fermentation fish meal, fermentation material, miberal powder by formula, is uniformly mixed, i.e.,
Obtain fresh water fish feed.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of fresh water fish feed, including following ingredient and its parts by weight: 15 parts of fermentation fish meal, 88 parts of fermentation material, miberal powder
0.5 part.
Fermentation fish meal the preparation method comprises the following steps: being added by 1.1% and the 3.0% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight into aquatic products leftover bits and pieces
Itaconic acid and linseed oil, are rubbed after mixing evenly, and fermentation assistant and water is added, and the additive amount of fermentation assistant is aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight
The 18% of amount stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material, and the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.5, is then 4.5% inoculation comprising black by inoculum concentration
Aspergillus, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, fermentation temperature be 33 DEG C carry out fermentation 100h obtain
Fermentation fish meal.The ingredient and its parts by weight of above-mentioned fermentation assistant are as follows: 5 parts of dregs of beans, 17 parts of straw powder, 1.5 parts of starch, corn flour 8
Part；Aspergillus niger in compound bacteria, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:3.8:2.4:0.7.
Fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: taking 32 parts of dregs of beans, 9 parts of rapeseed meal, 10 parts of cotton dregs, corn flour 10 by weight
Part, 2 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 2 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 3 parts of gallnut extract are uniformly mixed, are crushed to 500 mesh through micronizer, then
Even sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.
A kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed measures fermentation fish meal, fermentation material, miberal powder by formula, is uniformly mixed, i.e.,
Obtain fresh water fish feed.
Embodiment 4:
Fermentation fish meal used in embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and common commercially available fermentation fish meal are tested as follows,
Test result is as shown in table 1.
1. the measurement of total nitrogen content in tunning:
It is improved on the basis of the method for Yang Yali: weighing tunning 1.0g or so (precisely to 0.0001g) in digest tube
In, 0.3g copper sulphate, 0.9g potassium sulfate is added, the 12ml concentrated sulfuric acid is carbonized through 240 DEG C, 400 DEG C of digestion, until digestive juice clarification (or
Light blue or light green color) it is digestion terminal, sample to be tested is obtained after cooling, total nitrogen content is surveyed using full-automatic Kjeldahl determination device.
2. the measurement of free amino acid total amount:
1) production of amino acid standard curve:
The glutamic acid standard solution of the accurate 0.2mg/mL for drawing 0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0mL, respectively
It is placed in the color-comparison tube of 25mL, 2% ninhydrin solution and phosphate buffer solution (pH6.7) each 1mL is then added, mix
Uniformly, heating water bath 15min takes out, and is rapidly cooled to room temperature, adds water to graticule, shakes up, after standing 15min, in 570nm wavelength
Under, each solution light absorption value (A) is measured by reference of reagent blank.Using amino acid milligram number as abscissa, light absorption value (A) is vertical sits
Mark draws standard curve.
2) in fermentation liquid free amino acid total amount measurement:
Sample 1.0g is accurately weighed, is diluted with water 100 times, is mixed spare.Pipette samples solution 1.0mL, according to standard song
Line making step measures light absorption value (A) under the same conditions, can check in corresponding amino on standard curve with A value is measured
Sour milligram number.
3) result calculates:
In formula: C is the amino acid milligram number checked in from standard curve；M is that the sample solution of measurement is equivalent to sample
Quality (g).
3. the measurement of fish meal main component: fish meal is made through vacuum freeze drying in tunning, measures following main indicator:
Crude protein, GB 5009.5-2016, Kjeldahl's method；Crude fat, GB/T 6433-2006, soxhlet extraction methods；Ash content, GB/T
6438-2007, Method of burning of high temperature；Moisture, GB/T 6435-2014, constant weight method.
1 fermentation fish meal test result of table
By 1 fermentation fish meal test result of table it is found that embodiment fermentation fish meal meets the important nutrition and quality of level-one fish meal
Index request, comparative example and common commercially available fermentation fish meal can find, total nitrogen content, the free amine group of embodiment fermentation fish meal
Sour total amount, crude protein are above common commercially available, and ash content and moisture are commercially available lower than common, this illustrates fermentation of the embodiment of the present invention
The quality of fish meal is much better than common commercially available.
Comparative example:
A kind of fresh water fish feed, including following ingredient and its parts by weight: 12 parts of fermentation fish meal, 85 parts of fermentation material, miberal powder
0.35 part.
Fermentation fish meal the preparation method comprises the following steps: aquatic products leftover bits and pieces is rubbed, fermentation assistant and water, the addition of fermentation assistant is added
Amount is the 16.8% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight, stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material, the material-water ratio of fermentation material is 1:0.4, then by inoculation
Amount for 3.0% inoculation comprising aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, be in fermentation temperature
28 DEG C carry out fermentation 96h and obtain fermentation fish meal.The ingredient and its parts by weight of above-mentioned fermentation assistant are as follows: 4 parts of dregs of beans, 15 parts of straw powder,
1.35 parts of starch, 6.5 parts of corn flour；The mixing of aspergillus niger, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus in compound bacteria
Than for 1:3.6:2.25:0.6.
Fermented vegetable protein the preparation method comprises the following steps: take by weight dregs of beans 25,7 parts of rapeseed meal, 9 parts of cotton dregs, 7 parts of corn flour,
1.5 parts of mulberry leaf powder, 1.5 parts of herba houttuyniae powder, 2.5 parts of gallnut extract are uniformly mixed, are crushed to 350 mesh through micronizer, then
Uniformly sprinkling bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.
A kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed measures fermentation fish meal, fermentation material, miberal powder by formula, is uniformly mixed, i.e.,
Obtain fresh water fish feed.
Embodiment 2, comparative example fermentation fish meal are tested as follows, test result is as shown in table 2.
1. histamine: azo reacts spectrophotometry；
2. Escherichia coli: being measured using MPN method；
3. salmonella: with reference to the detection method of Pan Shude etc..
2 fermentation fish meal test result of table
| Project | Embodiment 2 | Comparative example |
| Histamine (mg/kg) | 6.79 | 10.14 |
| E. CoIi content (cfu/g) | 70 | 121 |
| Salmonella content (cfu/g) | 48 | 104 |
By 2 fermentation fish meal test result of table it is found that the content that histamine in fermentation fish meal is made in comparative example is much higher than embodiment
2, this illustrate the unsaturated bond in itaconic acid and linseed oil can interfere in aquatic products leftover bits and pieces pathogenic microorganism to growth factor,
The synthesis of cytoplasm and lipoprotein, and then pathogenic microorganism is killed, the quality of fermentation material is improved, it is final to guarantee gained fermentation fish meal
Freshness, while microorganism can be stimulated to generate more histaminases, diamine oxidase, monoamine oxidation during the fermentation
Enzyme, and then Volatile Base Nitrogen and biogenic amine in the leftover bits and pieces that can degrade well carry out detoxification to fermentation fish meal, improve institute
The quality of fermentation fish meal obtained.
The prior art of routine techniques dawn known to those skilled in the art in above-described embodiment, therefore herein no longer in detail
It repeats.
The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, the ordinary skill people of this field
Member can also make a variety of changes and modification without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, all equivalent
Technical solution also belong to scope of the invention, scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed, the preparation of preparation, fermented vegetable protein including fermentation fish meal and feed
Preparation, it is characterised in that: the preparation step of the fermentation fish meal are as follows: will based on the fermentation material of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces be inoculated with contain black song
Mould, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus compound bacteria, ferment to get fermentation fish meal.
2. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the fermenting plant egg
White preparation step are as follows: plant protein powder and Chinese herbal medicine powder are uniformly mixed, crushed through micronizer, bud is then uniformly sprayed
Spore bacillus, room temperature are sealed by fermentation to get fermentation material.
3. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the preparation of the feed
Step are as follows: take fermentation fish meal, fermentation material, miberal powder, be uniformly mixed to get fresh water fish feed.
4. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the system of the fermentation material
Preparation Method are as follows: will be separately added into aquatic products leftover bits and pieces the 0.8-1.1% and 2.5-3.0% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight itaconic acid and
Linseed oil rubs after mixing evenly, and fermentation assistant and water is added, stirs evenly to obtain fermentation material.
5. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the fermentation assistant
Additive amount is the 15-18% of aquatic products leftover bits and pieces weight.
6. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the material of the fermentation material
Water ratio is 1:0.3-0.5.
7. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: black in the compound bacteria
Aspergillus, bafillus natto, saccharomycete, Lactobacillus rhamnosus mixing ratio be 1:3.4-3.8:2.1-2.4:0.5-0.7.
8. a kind of preparation method of fresh water fish feed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the compound bacteria connects
Kind of amount is 2.3-4.5%, and the fermentation temperature is 25-33 DEG C, fermentation time 90-100h.
9. fresh water fish feed made from a kind of described in any item preparation methods of fresh water fish feed of claim 1-8.
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| CN109123726A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 何秋宏 | A kind of preparation method of feed fermentation fish meal |
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| CN109123726A (en) * | 2018-10-08 | 2019-01-04 | 何秋宏 | A kind of preparation method of feed fermentation fish meal |
| CN109527273A (en) * | 2019-01-15 | 2019-03-29 | 无锡华诺威动物保健品有限公司 | A kind of feed addictive and preparation method for protecting special aquatic products fish liver health |
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