CN109169123A - A kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide - Google Patents
A kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109169123A CN109169123A CN201811106168.5A CN201811106168A CN109169123A CN 109169123 A CN109169123 A CN 109169123A CN 201811106168 A CN201811106168 A CN 201811106168A CN 109169123 A CN109169123 A CN 109169123A
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- ridging
- transplanting
- tobacco
- herbicide
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide, carry out flame sterilization after the whole furrow of tobacco field ridging, then carry out mist cooling and overlay film, and slow down the speed of growth of weeds using the ridging twice in later period.The present invention substitutes herbicide weeding with high-temperature sterilization, bactericidal and herbicidal is carried out to tobacco field surface layer using small-sized flame sterilizing installation, after high-temperature process, the potential pest and disease risk in soil is less than herbicide treatment, the abundance highest of profitable strain in soil is more advantageous to tobacco seedlings transplanting.Inhibit weed growth in conjunction with later period group ridging, the activity of edaphon and population is allowed to be gradually recovered.This planting patterns can not only carry out disinfection to soil sterilizing, but also solve the problems, such as that herbicide chemical agent environmental pollution and agricultural chemical residue in tobacco are exceeded, be more advantageous to the growth of cigarette strain.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tobacco leaf planting field more particularly to a kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide.
Background technique
Country's leaf tobacco production planting type at present, does not carry out too many exploration and report in terms of cigarette furrow soil disinfection, only
It is to ted Brix the simple progress winter to carry out surface sterilization with sunlight heating, this solar energy heating method Disinfection Effect is limited,
The heating disinfection that can only carry out surface can only kill phytopathogen, nematode and the weeds of sub-fraction soil surface, due to miscellaneous
The competitive advantage of grass, tobacco grower have to using a large amount of herbicide and black and white covering with ground sheeting.Use the harm this several years of herbicide
It is just increasingly prominent, it not only changes to entire ecological environment of soil and is unfavorable for beneficial microbe growth, even more medicament residue makes
Not the problem of cigarette strain is not long or grows deformity, becomes current tobacco leaf growth contradiction hot focus.As people environmental consciousness is into one
Step reinforces and the requirement of green safe leaf tobacco production, seeks a kind of effective substitution herbicide soil and goes out malicious technology gesture must
It is capable, very urgent.
Some high poison high residues, soil disinfection medicament inconvenient to use, higher operating costs will be prohibited and substitute, and subtract
The usage amount of few chemical agent, the environment amenable physics of less toxic high efficiency, low cost, biological method will be used widely, object
The combination of the methods of Physicochemical biology also by be the soil disinfection of the following tobacco seedbed development Main way.
High-temperature sterilization (flame) method adjusts flame and stops cigarette furrow by developing a kind of high-temperature sterilization equipment for adapting to cigarette furrow
Go out malicious time, mode, the depth on surface adjust the height of flame size and temperature, are tagged soil before tobacco leaf transplanting by flame,
A variety of pathogens, subterranean pest-insect (larva), entomogenous fungi and worm's ovum, weeds and its grass-seed for killing soil certain depth, so that cigarette strain
Growth vigor competition after transplanting is stronger than weeds, reaches from face and does not apply the less quality of herbicide cigarette strain pest and disease damage and more preferably imitate
Fruit, for deduction and exemption herbicide use, ecological environmental protection, the sustainable farming of tobacco field, subtract work drop sheet, leaf tobacco production mechanization,
Cultivation technique innovation etc. has great importance and great breakthrough.
Large-scale flame weeder is occurred at present, is mainly used in flat-bottomed land, it is large stretch of in farmland miscellaneous for removing
Grass, this flame weeder is bulky, and flame intensity is big, and the herbicidal effect of the weeds for having grown tall is preferable, but simultaneously
Be easy together to eliminate beneficial the mushroom in soil, be unfavorable for the plantation of crops, this just need after flame weeding placement compared with
The long time delays the plantation duration to allow the profitable strain in soil to restore.
Tobacco seedlings are from the whole furrow of ridging getting much time to transplanting, and sterilizing is carried out after ridging, and large-scale flame weeder is not
But the shape of cigarette furrow can be destroyed, and also has no idea to be unfavorable for tobacco seedling growth, and big to soil enough convalescences after flame
Type flame weeder air consumption is big, and for the smallholder in southern hills area plantation, cost is excessively high, and being unfavorable for promoting makes
With.
Summary of the invention
The present invention predominantly solves the problems, such as that tobacco field largely applies herbicide, is risen using high temperature (flame) sterilization technology to tobacco field
High-temperature process is carried out after the whole furrow in ridge before overlay film, the group phase combines big ridging to carry out remaining weeds weeding, removes to reach and exempt from application
Purpose is cultivated in careless agent.
Technical problem solved by the invention can be realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide, it is characterised in that: specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the pretreatment of tobacco field:
1), the whole furrow of ridging: cigarette furrow shape is half elliptic after ridging, and wide 80~90cm, high 27~32cm need to guarantee full
Property;
2), high-temperature sterilization: being burning gases with bottled gas, and using the more nozzle flame guns of arc, air pressure regulator is
Reheat control valve, pressure control adjust height of the nozzle height to nozzle from cigarette furrow and control at 5~8 centimeters in 2.8~30KPa
It is interior, the speed of travel of vehicle of sterilization is controlled, so that the about 2-3 seconds residence time of each flame point, adjusts firepower size, so that flame
Depth gos deep into the soil layer of 3-5cm or so;
3), mist cooling: carrying out mist cooling immediately after high-temperature sterilization, controls water, only allows topsoil wet;
4), overlay film: overlay film immediately after mist cooling preserves soil moisture to soil moisturizing and keeps the temperature.Film uses black and white film, middle white two
Side black;
Step 2: transplanting: second day after overlay film starts to transplant, and transplanting time controlled within 5 days;
1) cave-applied fertilizer, is opened: by 50~55cm of spacing in the rows, every 667m21000~1100 plants of plantation carries out out cave;While opening cave
It is put into Nutrition Soil in cave, is carried out with the two-in-one transplantation device of cave-applied fertilizer is opened;
2), transplant: transplanting depth is 12~15cm, and transplanting time controlled within 5 days;
3) it, applies root water: being watered with root water, every plant of 0.5~1kg of watering after transplanting;
Step 3: ridging:
1) it, soil dressing: combines within 7~10 days after transplanting to pour and has applied the loose nest soil dressing of seed manure progress, by the fortifield village around cigarette strain
Hold together cigarette strain base portion, promotes new root;
2), big ridging: 35-40 days or so after transplanting, when cigarette strain rolls into a ball phase, film is lifted and (taken off) in conjunction with last time top dressing
Big ridging, first starts one side mulch, is propped up with bamboo chip, root out ridge table weeds, shallow ridges fertilising is opened in 2/3 ridge eminence, by what is rooted out
Extra hack is earthed up and crowds around cigarette strain base portion between weeds and ditch;Cigarette furrow film is changed to loosely by original close covering
Covering, is changed to " button-shaped " press mold by " zip mode " press mold, then carries out the fertilising and ridging of the another side Yan Long;
3) it, takes off the ridging of film height: after big ridging after overlay film 10~15 days, being taken off comprehensively after cigarette strain group into the prosperous growth phase
Film promotes adventitious root root growth to reduce the ridge body soil moisture, prevents creeping stem disease from occurring, and adventitious root root system has been at this time
Length must earth up in conjunction with weeding immediately after taking off film to ridge face, by ridge face on ditch earth culture, avoid root system exposed impaired.
Preferably, chrysanthemum lipid insecticide is added in the root water applied in the step 2.Cutworm, cigarette can effectively be killed
The harm of the larvas such as green worm, worm's ovum.
The present invention substitutes herbicide weeding with high-temperature sterilization, is sterilized using small-sized flame sterilizing installation to tobacco field surface layer
Weeding, after high-temperature process, to soil disinfection, the potential pest and disease risk in soil is less than herbicide treatment, the part in soil
The abundance of profitable strain increases, and is more advantageous to tobacco seedlings transplanting.Inhibit a weed growth in conjunction with later period group ridging, allows edaphon
Activity and population be gradually recovered.This planting patterns can not only carry out disinfection to soil sterilizing, but also solve herbicide chemical drugs
Agent environmental pollution and the exceeded problem of agricultural chemical residue in tobacco, are more advantageous to the growth of cigarette strain.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to embodiment, embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
The present invention mainly use high-temperature sterilization technical substitution herbicide to sterilize tobacco field, weeding, specific steps are such as
Under:
Step 1: transplanting the pretreatment of preceding tobacco field
1, the whole furrow of ridging: cigarette furrow shape is made into half elliptic, wide 80~90cm, high 27~32cm preferably use profession to rise
Ridge machine ridging, such cigarette furrow can be more full, is conducive to the root growth of later period tobacco seedlings, while to guarantee cultivated area, cigarette ditch
Width is preferred in 30cm or so;
2, high-temperature sterilization: can carry out high-temperature sterilization after the completion of the whole furrow of ridging, high-temperature sterilization is carried out using bottled gas,
The form of sterilizing rifle can be hand-held single spraying nozzle, configure low pressure modulating valve, the firepower range of low pressure modulating valve 0~
2.8KPa can also be used automatic flame vehicle of sterilization and carry out flame sterilizing, configure reheat control valve, and the firepower of reheat control valve is adjusted
For range in 0~120KPa, and equipped with the arc flame gun of more nozzles on flame vehicle of sterilization, flame gun includes nozzle, magnetic tube point
Fiery needle, the body of a gun and gas-guide tube, gas-guide tube are connected by gas hose with liquefied gas bottle, and gas cylinder includes air pressure regulator.The present invention
Without supercharging device, conventional flame can reduce air consumption in this way, guarantee the maximum sterilizing area of a tank liquefied gas.
Adjustment air pressure regulator makes the pressure of liquefied pot at 2.8~30KPa (more nozzles, reheat control valve), adjusts nozzle
Height of the height to nozzle from cigarette furrow controls in 5~8 centimeters, controls the speed of travel of vehicle of sterilization, so that each flame point
Residence time about 2-3 seconds, firepower size is adjusted, so that flame depth gos deep into the soil layer of 3-5cm or so.
The relationship of pressure, time and sterilizing depth is shown in Table 1.Wherein the pressure limit of air pressure regulator is 0~120KPa, spray
Height of the nozzle from cigarette furrow controls in 5~8 centimeters, and the residence time about 2-3 seconds.
Table 1
As can be seen from the table, pressure size, air consumption are directly proportional to sterilizing depth.0-2.8KPa is usually hand-held single spraying
Pressure when firelock operation, sterilizing efficiency is low, and height, time are all not easy to control, and is not easy to promote.
The present invention will sterilize it is deep-controlled 3-5cm or so be by experimental data comparison obtain.Under high temperature, flora is equal
It will appear death, but the heatproof degree of different floras is different, the abundance (i.e. accounting) that will result in flora changes.It will be high
The soil (flame dynamics gos deep into 15cm or so) and untreated soil that temperature sterilized are compared, right after high-temperature sterilization processing
3 layers of (0~5cm, 5~10cm, 10~15cm) soil sampling of furrow body point, carry out diversity of soil microorganism and enzyme activity assay.
Table 2 be high-temperature sterilization to 15cm hereinafter, 0~5cm, 5~10cm, 10~15cm, tri- soil layers Flora dynamics.
Table 2
Analysis obtains, after high-temperature sterilization, the abundance majority of each flora changes, wherein Coniochaeta (needle tongue fur
Grass) and Fusarium (reaping hook fungi) significantly reduced in 0~5cm, Candidatus Solibacter (acidfast bacilli candidate kind) exists
0-5cm reaches minimum, and Cladospocium (cladosporium category) is remarkably decreased in 0~5cm, Pseudomonas (pseudomonad)
It is significantly reduced with the relative abundance of Rhizomicrobium (rhizobium) in 5~10cm.The phase of Massilia (Marseille Pseudomonas)
Minimum is reached at 10-15cm to abundance, and is substantially less than other soil layers.The abundance of beneficial bacterium Epicoccum is in each soil layer
Significantly rise.
When tobacco seedlings are transplanted, transplanting depth root need to be inserted into soil below mulch 12~15cm hereinafter, and in the fat material of bar ditch
Top just can guarantee that tobacco seedlings will not lodge, and self-forming subenvironment is effective against low temperature frosty weather in cave.
Because Fusarium (reaping hook fungi) is a kind of important phytopathogen, plurality of cereals and industrial crops are easily infected,
Cause the multiple diseases such as root-rot, stem rot and fringe (grain) corruption, causes crop failure, brought seriously to production estimation in world wide
It destroys.Candidatus Solibacter (candidate kind of acidfast bacilli) will affect soil carbon cycle, to influence edaphon
Activity, its relative abundance declines after high-temperature process, can slow down soil metabolism rate.Cladospocium (cladosporium category) easily causes
Flue-cured tobacco goes mouldy and causes a disease, and is affected to tobacco leaf, after high-temperature process, significantly reduces, be conducive in the soil layer of 0~5cm
The growth of later period tobacco leaf.Pseudomonas (pseudomonad) has the ability of extremely strong decomposing organic matter, gas chromatography can be made
For energy source.Massilia (Marseille Pseudomonas) is a kind of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and abundance reduces after high-temperature process, is unfavorable for adventitious root
Root growth, therefore it is unfavorable for the growth and development of cigarette strain.And beneficial bacterium Epicoccum has good life to disease and rotten bacterium
Object control efficiency, after high-temperature process, abundance significantly rises in topsoil, this is conducive to tobacco production to a certain extent
With the promotion of quality.Experimental data shows that flame dynamics is excessive, and sterilizing depth is too deep, and air consumption is big, at high cost, while can handle
The beneficial bacteria microorganisms and enzymatic activity of deep subsoil reduce, and are unfavorable for cigarette strain growth.
Therefore, flame depth is arranged in 3~5cm, only to the topsoil sterilization treatment of 0~5cm, can reduce surface layer
Fusarium (reaping hook fungi), Candidatus Solibacter (candidate kind of acidfast bacilli) and Cladospocium in soil
The abundance of (cladosporium category) slows down soil metabolism rate, after eliminating phytopathogen, nematode and the weeds in topsoil, grass
Seed is also difficult to quick restoration ecosystem, while reducing the risk of tobacco mildew.And the Pseudomonas (pseudomonad) of 5~10cm
Go deep into position with tobacco root system at 10~15cm, Massilia (Marseille Pseudomonas) can promote not influenced by high temperature
The fast-growth of tobacco seedlings rhizosphere.Simultaneously to save gas consumption, reduce cost, by the setting of the depth of high temperature sterilization 5cm or so most
It is reasonable.
If firepower penetrates greatly very much deeply, the microorganism and root growth of soil will affect, beneficial microorganism reparation has
A process is only handled 0~5cm of surface layer, reduces the influence influenced on beneficial microorganism and to root system as far as possible.
3, mist cooling: sterilization treatment can only continue limited a period of time to the inactivating efficacy of edaphon, thereafter
The activity of edaphon and population will be gradually recovered, quickly right after high-temperature sterilization for the abundance for keeping the existing flora of soil
Cigarette furrow spray water mist, so that topsoil is cooled down rapidly, it is ensured that 5cm flora below not will receive temperature influence.
The method that Temperature fall can also be used is placed 1~2 talent after high-temperature sterilization and is transplanted, this process is not
It only allows cigarette furrow to be down to room temperature, dew can also be allowed to bedew tobacco field surface, provide moisture to the transplanting of later period tobacco seedlings.This method presence etc.
It to the time, will elongate planting season, while more consumption is artificial.And the flora of soil can change in placement process.
The present invention carries out mist cooling immediately after high-temperature sterilization, controls water, only allows topsoil wet.It can protect in this way
It holds and is transplanted under best sterilization effect, improve plantation efficiency, reduce labor intensity.
4, overlay film: overlay film immediately after mist cooling preserves soil moisture to soil moisturizing and keeps the temperature.Film uses black and white film, middle white two
Side black can guarantee the soil of the intermediate tobacco leaf planting fast quick-recovery under sunlight irradiation in this way, and the soil on both sides is by black film
Covering, lacks illumination, weeds are difficult to fast-growth.
Step 2: transplanting: second day after overlay film starts to transplant, and transplanting time controlled within 5 days;
1, cave-applied fertilizer is opened: by 50~55cm of spacing in the rows, every 667m21000~1100 plants of plantation carries out out cave;While opening cave
It is put into Nutrition Soil in cave, is carried out with the two-in-one transplantation device of cave-applied fertilizer is opened;
2, transplant: transplanting depth is 12~15cm, and transplanting time controlled within 5 days;
3, it applies root water: being watered with root water, every plant of 0.5~1kg of watering after transplanting;Chrysanthemum lipid desinsection is added in root water
Agent, the subterranean pest-insects harm such as prevention cutworm.Dry weather is met, should irrigate through furrow " horse race water ".
Step 3: ridging:
1) it, soil dressing: combines within 7~10 days after transplanting to pour and has applied the loose nest soil dressing of seed manure progress, by the fortifield village around cigarette strain
Hold together cigarette strain base portion, promotes new root;The main purpose of soil dressing is the soil layer for thickening tobacco seedlings, and the root system of tobacco seedlings is quick after transplanting
Growth, original soil thickness are not enough to carry the height and weight of cigarette strain, it is therefore desirable to soil dressing is carried out around tobacco seedlings.But
Because of the fast quick-recovery of soil after tobacco seedlings high ambient temperatures sterilization after fertilising, weeds have obvious growth tendency.It is covered around tobacco seedlings new
Soil covers the weeds begun to crop up, and can stop to shine upon, slow down the speed of growth of weeds.
2), big ridging: 35-40 days or so after transplanting, when cigarette strain rolls into a ball phase, film is lifted and (taken off) in conjunction with last time top dressing
Big ridging, first starts one side mulch, is propped up with bamboo chip, root out ridge table weeds, shallow ridges fertilising is opened in 2/3 ridge eminence, by what is rooted out
Extra hack is earthed up and crowds around cigarette strain base portion between weeds and ditch;Cigarette furrow film is changed to loosely by original close covering
Covering, is changed to " button-shaped " press mold by " zip mode " press mold, then carries out the fertilising and ridging of the another side Yan Long;
3) it, takes off the ridging of film height: after big ridging after overlay film 10~15 days, being taken off comprehensively after cigarette strain group into the prosperous growth phase
Film promotes adventitious root root growth to reduce the ridge body soil moisture, prevents creeping stem disease from occurring, and adventitious root root system has been at this time
Length must earth up in conjunction with weeding immediately after taking off film to ridge face, by ridge face on ditch earth culture, avoid root system exposed impaired.
The mode of present invention high-temperature sterilization substitutes traditional herbicide sterilizing, and controls sterilizing depth in 5cm or so, operation
Simply, when can also subtract work and subtracting, while not influencing tobacco seedlings plantation can also soil protection, this implantation methods are suitble in hilly ground
It is promoted the use of in band smallholder's plantation.
The above is only present pre-ferred embodiments, is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, therefore
Any subtle modifications, equivalent variations and modifications to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention, still fall within
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide, it is characterised in that: specifically comprise the following steps:
Step 1: the pretreatment of tobacco field:
1), the whole furrow of ridging: cigarette furrow shape is half elliptic after ridging, and wide 80~90cm, high 27~32cm guarantee full weight;
2), high-temperature sterilization: being burning gases with bottled gas, and using the more nozzle flame guns of arc, air pressure regulator is middle pressure
Regulating valve, pressure control adjust height of the nozzle height to nozzle from cigarette furrow and control in 5~8 centimeters in 2.8~30KPa, control
The speed of travel of vehicle of sterilization processed, so that the about 2-3 seconds residence time of each flame point, adjusts firepower size, so that flame depth
Go deep into the soil layer of 3-5cm or so;
3), mist cooling: carrying out mist cooling immediately after high-temperature sterilization, controls water, only allows topsoil wet;
4), overlay film: overlay film immediately after mist cooling preserves soil moisture to soil moisturizing and keeps the temperature;Film uses black and white film, and middle white both sides are black
Color;
Step 2: transplanting: second day after overlay film starts to transplant, and the same local transplanting time control of same kind is within 5 days;
1) cave-applied fertilizer, is opened: by 50~55cm of spacing in the rows, every 667m21000~1100 plants of plantation carries out out cave;In cave while opening cave
It is inside put into Nutrition Soil, is carried out with the two-in-one transplantation device of cave-applied fertilizer is opened;
2), transplant: transplanting depth is 12~15cm, and transplanting time controlled within 5 days;
3) it, applies root water: being watered with root water, every plant of 0.5~1kg of watering after transplanting;
Step 3: ridging:
1) it, soil dressing: combines within 7~10 days after transplanting to pour and has applied the loose nest soil dressing of seed manure progress, cigarette is held together into the fortifield village around cigarette strain
Strain base portion, promotes new root;
2), big ridging: 35-40 days or so after transplanting, when cigarette strain rolls into a ball phase, the big training of film is lifted and (taken off) in conjunction with last time top dressing
Soil first starts one side mulch, is propped up with bamboo chip, roots out ridge table weeds, opens shallow ridges fertilising, the weeds that will be rooted out in 2/3 ridge eminence
Extra hack is earthed up and crowds around cigarette strain base portion between ditch;Cigarette furrow film is changed to loosely cover by original close covering
Lid, is changed to " button-shaped " press mold by " zip mode " press mold, then carries out the fertilising and ridging of the another side Yan Long;
3) it, takes off the ridging of film height: after big ridging after overlay film 10~15 days, carrying out taking off film comprehensively into the prosperous growth phase after cigarette strain group.
2. a kind of tobacco seedlings implantation methods for exempting from herbicide as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: applied in the step 2
Root water in be added chrysanthemum lipid insecticide.
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Cited By (2)
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CN111010920A (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2020-04-17 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for breaking dormancy of gravelly sedum graveolens seeds |
CN111316979A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Flaming weeding vehicle and weeding method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN111010920A (en) * | 2019-12-08 | 2020-04-17 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境(集团)股份有限公司 | Method for breaking dormancy of gravelly sedum graveolens seeds |
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CN111316979A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-23 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Flaming weeding vehicle and weeding method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20190111 |