CN109156300B - Seed reserving method for breeding bolting-resistant radish - Google Patents
Seed reserving method for breeding bolting-resistant radish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of breeding research of bolting resistant radish varieties, in particular to a method for breeding and reserving seeds of bolting resistant radish. The invention selects single plants with good commodity and bolting resistance for refrigeration after spring sowing, seeds after autumn planting and seed collection are bolting-resistant radishes, can simultaneously select the commodity and bolting resistance of the radishes, can complete the planting, selection and seed reservation of the bolting-resistant radishes within one year, and has high selection efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of breeding research of bolting resistant radish varieties, in particular to a method for breeding and reserving seeds of bolting resistant radish.
Background
Radish (scientific name: Raphanus sativus L.) belonging to genus Raphanus of family Brassicaceae, genus Raphanus, and family annual herbaceous plant, has height of 20-100 cm, fleshy root, long round, spherical or conical shape, green, white or red outer skin, branch stem, no hair, and slight frosting. The raceme is terminal and axillary, the flower is white or pink, the stem length is 1-1.5 cm, the flowering phase is 4-5 months, and the fruit phase is 5-6 months.
Radish is easy to bolting earlier when the seeding time or cultivation management is improper, for example, if the variety selection and management is improper in production, the seeding time is unreasonable to arrange, and the radish is easy to bolt and flower before or in the formation process of product organs. After the radish is subjected to early bolting, most of nutrients produced by assimilation are supplied to the growth of the bolting, and fleshy roots stop expanding or are insufficient in nutrition, so that bran cores are generated due to dehydration, the quality of the radish is reduced, and even the edible value is lost. Therefore, the breeding of bolting resistant radish varieties has important significance for radish spring planting, and bolting resistant radish seed reservation is a difficult point for selecting bolting resistant radish varieties.
The existing bolting resistant radish seed reserving method mainly comprises a seed low-temperature treatment method and a winter greenhouse sowing method. The seed low-temperature treatment method is simple, the bolting resistance of the radish is easy to select, but the seed low-temperature treatment method cannot be selected according to the commodity of the radish; the 'winter greenhouse sowing method' can select bolting resistance and can also select according to the commodity of part of radishes, but the bolting resistance and commodity selection are different from the open field planting in spring.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in the existing bolting resistant radish seed reserving methods, the 'seed low-temperature treatment method' is simple, the bolting resistance of radish is easy to select, but the bolting resistance cannot be selected according to the commodity of radish; the 'winter greenhouse sowing method' can select bolting resistance and can also select according to the commodity of part of radishes, but the bolting resistance and commodity selection are different from the open field planting in spring.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a bolting resistant radish seed selection and seed reserving method, which is characterized in that good single plants with commodity and bolting resistance are selected for refrigeration after spring sowing, the seeds planted and harvested in autumn are bolting resistant radishes, the commodity and bolting resistance of the radishes can be simultaneously selected, the bolting resistant radishes can be planted, selected and reserved within one year, and the selection efficiency is high.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses a seed reserving method for selective breeding of bolting resistant radish, which comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: in the Qingdao area, bolting resistant radishes are planted in open field in the middle and the last ten days of 3 months, and single plants with good commodity and bolting resistance are selected by investigation at the end of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months; sowing in spring, selecting a variety suitable for spring sowing and a single plant with good bolting resistance by using the spring open field planting environment, and storing and reserving seeds;
(2) pre-treatment in cold storage: harvesting selected radishes in the afternoon, and then placing the radishes in a cold room for one night; wrapping the radishes with newspapers in the morning next day, and boxing; the radish can be naturally cooled after being placed overnight, the water content of the radish is properly reduced, and the radish storage is facilitated.
(3) And (3) refrigerating: taking out the radish from the refrigerator every 1 month, and airing in the shade for 1-2 hours until the surface water of the radish is dried. Airing for 1 time in the whole refrigeration period; the low temperature can reduce the respiration consumption of the radishes and is beneficial to storage, meanwhile, the radishes need to bloom through vernalization, the low-temperature storage can promote the radishes to better bloom through vernalization, and the bolting and flowering time after the radishes are transplanted is shortened.
(4) Pre-treatment of transplanting: 8, transplanting in middle ten days of the month; making a flat bed of 1.5 meters, and irrigating large water for entropy formation one week before planting so that the soil is preferably kneaded into a ball by hands during radish planting; the radish can be promoted to rapidly take root by appropriate soil humidity. If the radish is directly watered after being planted, the radish is easy to rot due to the high soil humidity; if not watered, the radish with insufficient soil humidity is difficult to root, and finally the radish is dehydrated and air-dried. The survival rates of watering entropic and non-entropic in a test of 2018 a week in advance are 86% and 24% respectively.
(5) Transplanting: ridging in advance: planting two lines in each ridge, wherein the plant distance is 40 cm; ditching, burying the radish root 1/3 in soil, and tightly combining the radish root and the soil by light pressure; then, shallow trenches are formed at two sides of the radish to form small ridges; the radish root 1/3 can be buried in the soil to ensure that the radish root system fully contacts the soil, the heat dissipation is not influenced, the moisture loss is less, and the survival of the radish is facilitated. Radish with the respiratory rate greater than 1/3 is not smooth, so that radish rot is easily caused; the radish roots larger than 1/3 can not contact with soil sufficiently, so that dehydration and air drying are easily caused. Shallow trenches are formed at two sides of the radish to form small ridges which are convenient for watering.
(6) Managing after planting: after planting, covering a shading net on the outer cover of the arched shed, wherein the light transmittance is 60-70%; the sunlight irradiation in early autumn is strong, the radish is easy to lose water and air-dry due to direct sunlight, and the shading can effectively avoid the condition.
(7) Seed collection: and (5) collecting seeds for use after the radish is subjected to seed setting.
Further, the box in the step (2) can be a paper box or a wood box; a layer of mulching film is paved in the box for wrapping the radishes, then the radishes wrapped by the newspaper are placed in the box, the mulching film is sealed after the boxes are filled, and the box is sealed. The mulching film is mainly used for keeping the moisture of the radish, and the newspaper is mainly used for absorbing the moisture generated on the surface of the radish in the storage process of the radish and keeping the surface of the radish dry as much as possible.
Further, the refrigeration condition of the step (3) is that the temperature is 1 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 90-100%. At this temperature and humidity, the problem of difficulty in cold storage can be overcome. The radish can be frozen at the temperature lower than 0 ℃, and is easy to rot and not easy to survive during transplantation; as shown in the following table 1, radishes with the temperature higher than 2 ℃ can naturally root in the storage process, nutrients of the radishes are consumed, the survival rate of the radishes is reduced after the radishes are transplanted after the nutrients are lost, the natural rooting amount of the radishes is obviously increased along with the temperature rise within the range of 2-10 ℃, the nutrient consumption is increased, and the survival rate is reduced; as shown in Table 2, the radish with too low humidity loses water and is air-dried, the activity is reduced, the survival rate is low, the humidity is too high, the radish is easy to rot, and the water content of the radish is generally 91% -97%, so that the water content in the radish is favorably maintained at 90% -100% by the storage humidity.
TABLE 1 influence of temperature treatment at different storage temperatures on radish transplant survival rate
| Temperature of treatment | Survival rate |
| 1℃±1℃ | 96％ |
| 5℃±1℃ | 85％ |
| 8℃±1℃ | 50％ |
Note: the storage humidity is 95%
TABLE 2 influence of different storage humidity treatments on radish transplantation survival rate
| Handling humidity | Survival rate |
| 100％ | 82％ |
| 95％ | 85％ |
| 50％ | 40％ |
| 30％ | 28％ |
Note: the storage temperature is 5 +/-1 DEG C
Further, in the step (6), the arch shed is kept ventilated; supplementing proper amount of water to the radish with a sprayer every morning until the radish begins to develop new leaves; and removing the shading net and managing as normal. The radish has the advantages that no new roots are generated in the early stage after transplantation, the resistance is poor, the radish is easy to rot due to overhigh humidity, the radish is easy to lose water due to overlow humidity, and the temperature in the early-autumn shed is high. The air humidity and temperature in the field can be properly controlled through ventilation and water supplement, conditions favorable for rooting are created, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method can simultaneously select the commodity and bolting resistance of the radish, and select a variety suitable for actual open field planting in spring by a direct spring sowing method and a real environment.
(2) After spring sowing, selecting single plants with good commodity and bolting resistance, transplanting the single plants in autumn after refrigeration, then reserving seeds, completing the planting, selection and reserving seeds of bolting resistant radishes within one year, and having high working efficiency.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
a seed reserving method for breeding bolting resistant radish comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing: in the Qingdao area, bolting resistant radishes are planted in open field in the middle and the last ten days of 3 months, and single plants with good commodity and bolting resistance are selected by investigation at the end of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months; sowing in spring, selecting a variety suitable for spring sowing and a single plant with good bolting resistance by using the spring open field planting environment, and storing and reserving seeds;
(2) pre-treatment in cold storage: harvesting selected radishes in the afternoon, and then placing the radishes in a cold room for one night; wrapping the radishes with newspapers in the morning next day, and boxing; the radish can be naturally cooled after being placed overnight, the water content of the radish is properly reduced, and the radish storage is facilitated. Wherein, the box can be a carton or a wooden box; a layer of mulching film is paved in the box for wrapping the radishes, then the radishes wrapped by the newspaper are placed in the box, the mulching film is sealed after the boxes are filled, and the box is sealed. The mulching film is mainly used for keeping the moisture of the radish, and the newspaper is mainly used for absorbing the moisture generated on the surface of the radish in the storage process of the radish and keeping the surface of the radish dry as much as possible.
(3) And (3) refrigerating: taking out the radish from the refrigerator every 1 month, and airing in the shade for 1-2 hours until the surface water of the radish is dried. Airing for 1 time in the whole refrigeration period; the low temperature can reduce the respiration consumption of the radishes and is beneficial to storage, meanwhile, the radishes need to bloom through vernalization, the low-temperature storage can promote the radishes to better bloom through vernalization, and the bolting and flowering time after the radishes are transplanted is shortened.
(4) Pre-treatment of transplanting: 8, transplanting in middle ten days of the month; making a flat bed of 1.5 meters, and irrigating large water for entropy formation one week before planting so that the soil is preferably kneaded into a ball by hands during radish planting; the radish can be promoted to rapidly take root by appropriate soil humidity. If the radish is directly watered after being planted, the radish is easy to rot due to the high soil humidity; if not watered, the radish with insufficient soil humidity is difficult to root, and finally the radish is dehydrated and air-dried. The survival rates of watering entropic and non-entropic in a test of 2018 a week in advance are 86% and 24% respectively.
(5) Transplanting: ridging in advance: planting two lines in each ridge, wherein the plant distance is 40 cm; ditching, burying the radish root 1/3 in soil, and tightly combining the radish root and the soil by light pressure; then, shallow trenches are formed at two sides of the radish to form small ridges; the radish root 1/3 can be buried in the soil to ensure that the radish root system fully contacts the soil, the heat dissipation is not influenced, the moisture loss is less, and the survival of the radish is facilitated. Radish with the respiratory rate greater than 1/3 is not smooth, so that radish rot is easily caused; the radish roots larger than 1/3 can not contact with soil sufficiently, so that dehydration and air drying are easily caused. Shallow trenches are formed at two sides of the radish to form small ridges which are convenient for watering.
(6) Managing after planting: after planting, covering a shading net on the outer cover of the arched shed, wherein the light transmittance is 60-70%; the sunlight irradiation in early autumn is strong, the radish is easy to lose water and air-dry due to direct sunlight, and the shading can effectively avoid the condition.
(7) Seed collection: and (5) collecting seeds for use after the radish is subjected to seed setting.
Example 2:
wherein, the refrigeration condition in the step (3) is that the temperature is 1 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 90-100%. At this temperature and humidity, the problem of difficulty in cold storage can be overcome. The radish can be frozen at the temperature lower than 0 ℃, and is easy to rot and not easy to survive during transplantation; as shown in the following table 1, radishes with the temperature higher than 2 ℃ can naturally root in the storage process, nutrients of the radishes are consumed, the survival rate of the radishes is reduced after the radishes are transplanted after the nutrients are lost, the natural rooting amount of the radishes is obviously increased along with the temperature rise within the range of 2-10 ℃, the nutrient consumption is increased, and the survival rate is reduced; as shown in Table 2, the radish with too low humidity loses water and is air-dried, the activity is reduced, the survival rate is low, the humidity is too high, the radish is easy to rot, and the water content of the radish is generally 91% -97%, so that the water content in the radish is favorably maintained at 90% -100% by the storage humidity.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3:
wherein, the arch shed is kept ventilated in the step (6); supplementing proper amount of water to the radish with a sprayer every morning until the radish begins to develop new leaves; and removing the shading net and managing as normal. The radish has the advantages that no new roots are generated in the early stage after transplantation, the resistance is poor, the radish is easy to rot due to overhigh humidity, the radish is easy to lose water due to overlow humidity, and the temperature in the early-autumn shed is high. The air humidity and temperature in the field can be properly controlled through ventilation and water supplement, conditions favorable for rooting are created, and the transplanting survival rate is improved.
The rest is the same as example 1 or example 2.
Claims (3)
1. A seed reserving method for breeding bolting resistant radish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sowing: in the Qingdao area, bolting resistant radishes are planted in open field in the middle and the last ten days of 3 months, and single plants with good commodity and bolting resistance are selected by investigation at the end of 5 months and at the beginning of 6 months;
(2) pre-treatment in cold storage: harvesting selected radishes in the afternoon, and then placing the radishes in a cold room for one night; wrapping the radishes with newspapers in the morning next day, and boxing;
(3) and (3) refrigerating: taking the radish out of the refrigerator every 1 month, and airing the radish in the shade for 1-2 hours until the water on the surface layer of the radish is dried; airing for 1 time in the whole refrigeration period; the refrigeration condition is that the temperature is 1 +/-1 ℃ and the humidity is 90-100 percent;
(4) pre-treatment of transplanting: 8, transplanting in middle ten days of the month; making a flat bed of 1.2 meters, and filling large water for entropy formation one week before planting so that the soil is kneaded into a ball by hands during the radish planting;
(5) transplanting: ridging in advance: planting two lines in each ridge, wherein the plant distance is 40 cm; ditching, burying the radish root 1/3 in soil, and tightly combining the radish root and the soil by light pressure; then, shallow trenches are formed at two sides of the radish to form small ridges;
(6) managing after planting: after planting, covering a shading net on the outer cover of the arched shed, wherein the light transmittance is 60-70%;
(7) seed collection: and (5) collecting seeds for use after the radish is subjected to seed setting.
2. The method for breeding bolting resistant radish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the box is a paper box or a wood box; a layer of mulching film is paved in the box for wrapping the radishes, then the radishes wrapped by the newspaper are placed in the box, the mulching film is sealed after the boxes are filled, and the box is sealed.
3. The method for breeding bolting resistant radish as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), the arch shed needs to be kept ventilated; supplementing proper amount of water to the radish with a sprayer every morning until the radish begins to develop new leaves; and removing the shading net and managing as normal.
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| CN112586131A (en) * | 2020-12-14 | 2021-04-02 | 奉节县承青蔬菜种植专业合作社 | Radish seed cultivation method |
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| CN102311489A (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 | Plant heat-resistant gene BccDREB2A and application thereof |
| CN104160870A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Curd type broccoli cultivation method |
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| CN1109494C (en) * | 1999-09-08 | 2003-05-28 | 民权县民权种业有限公司 | Breeding method for radish model Deri 2 |
| CN1788543A (en) * | 2004-12-14 | 2006-06-21 | 东北农业大学 | Bolting-tolerant export special type cabbage variety breeding method |
| US20080034450A1 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-02-07 | Frampton Anna J | Integration of commercial plant breeding and genomic technologies |
| CN101755597B (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2011-04-13 | 东北农业大学 | Method for inducing tillering onions to bolt and flower |
| CN102282997A (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2011-12-21 | 马文浩 | Planting, seed selection and edible making method for Jinliansi radish |
| CN103947539A (en) * | 2014-04-26 | 2014-07-30 | 民权县民权种业有限公司 | Breeding method for minquan-series radish |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102311489A (en) * | 2010-07-08 | 2012-01-11 | 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院 | Plant heat-resistant gene BccDREB2A and application thereof |
| CN104160870A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-11-26 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Curd type broccoli cultivation method |
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