CN1091361A - 绝缘带及其制造方法 - Google Patents

绝缘带及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN1091361A
CN1091361A CN93115700A CN93115700A CN1091361A CN 1091361 A CN1091361 A CN 1091361A CN 93115700 A CN93115700 A CN 93115700A CN 93115700 A CN93115700 A CN 93115700A CN 1091361 A CN1091361 A CN 1091361A
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fabric
resin
yarn
insulating tape
filler
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CN1039635C (zh
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R·许勒
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General Electric Switzerland GmbH
ABB AG Germany
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Abstract

为了改善电机导体棒主绝缘的导热性能，提出了 一种由一层或数层玻璃织物层(6)和云母层(5)构成 的绝缘带，它基本上只在这种由玻璃纱(7)构造的玻 璃织物(6)的网眼中填充一种配有一种填充剂的树 脂，填充剂含有导热率大于树脂导热率的显微小颗粒 (9)。为了保护织物的玻璃纱(7)，在该纱(7)上涂了 一层由树指或漆构成的保护层(10)，该保护层基本只 包住玻璃织物(6)的纱线，织物的网眼则不填充。

Description

本发明涉及一种由一层或多层织物层和云母层构成的绝缘带，其中主要地在由纱线构造的织物的网眼中填充一种树脂，这种树脂中配有一种填充剂，填充剂具有其热导率大于树脂热导率的显微级小颗粒。
此外本发明还涉及一种制造这种绝缘带的方法。
采用间接冷却的定子绕组的大型电机对绕组绝缘的耐温强度提出了很高的要求。由于铜导线中产生的热量必须经主绝缘排给被冷却的定子叠片组，因此主绝缘不能做得任意厚。另一方面，对于额定电压为16KV或以上的高压电机来说，主绝缘须具有某个规定的最小厚度。因此大量需要抗高压同时又具有良好导热性的绝缘材料。
美国专利US-A-4806806或内容相同的欧洲专利EP-A-0262602中公开的定子绕组的主绝缘是由一种多层的绝缘带构成的，即用这种绝缘带在线扎上缠绕许多层。在工序上，这种绝缘带或者先涂上浸渍树脂，或者将绝缘带缠绕好之后再涂上浸渍树脂。绝缘带本身由数层很薄的云母层和加固的玻璃织物层组成。为了改善导热能力，浸渍树脂中掺混了一种导热性能良好的无机填充剂，例如，氮化硼，氮化铝，氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁，氧化铍或碳化硅，其粒度为0.1-15μm，其中在玻璃织物网眼中填充量至少为90%（重量百分比）。
US-A-4806806专利中指出，采用小的粒度是非常重要的，因为一方面可以由此提高混合的均匀性，另一方面又减小了敏感的云母层受损坏的危险。但是该专利的发明人没有考虑到这样的事实，即填充剂的微粒在特定的程度上也对玻璃织物的织纱产生机械损伤。这些织纱由相互捻在一起的细的和特细的玻璃纤维构成，纤维的直径处于填充剂粒度的数量级。这些锐边的颗粒还在缠绕过程中就对织纱造成损伤，而真正的损伤则是在之后的挤压工序中造成的，从而玻璃织物就不再能完成、或者仅仅是不完全地完成赋予它的任务-作为云母的载体和加固体。
本发明的目的在于提供一种没有损坏其电绝缘性和强度的具有较高导热能力的绝缘带。
此外，本发明的目的还在于提出制造这种绝缘带的方法。
按照本发明，上述目的是这样解决的：在织物的纱线上涂上一层由树脂或漆构成的保护涂层，该保护涂层基本上只包住纱线，其余的织物的网眼中则不填充，并且云母相对于填充剂所占的由重量百分比表示的部分是大于或者至少等于1。
用这样构造的绝缘带组成的绝缘，其特征是具有很高的电、热和机械寿命。由于与填充剂掺混的浸渍树脂基本上只置于织物的网眼之间，而不在云母层中，因此绝缘件的抗电压强度得到进一步提高。填充剂的锐边颗粒不会切入敏感的纱线或构成纱线的纤维中，因此在制造绝缘带、绝缘带用于棒导体上以及以后的运行期间，绝缘带也都能保持其机械强度。云母层本身具有良好导热性，相邻的云母层之间良好的热连接是由同样具有良好导热性的浸渍树脂保证的。
制造绝缘带主要有以下工序：首先织物的纱线上涂覆上一种稀液状的树脂，最好用环氧树脂，使之基本上只有纱线被包上一层保护层，而树脂不填充到织物的网眼中;在此之后采用滚压工艺将悬浮在一种粘接树脂中的填充剂施于织物上;接着将这样预处理的织物与云母层粘接起来。
以下对照附图详细说明本发明的实施例和由此获得的优点。
附图中示出了本发明的实施例的示意图，其中，
图1为一个电机的导体棒的剖面图，该导体棒由一些相互之间绝缘的股线构成并有一个主绝缘;
图2为图1的一个大比例放大的局部视图，它清楚地表示了主绝缘的结构。
参见图1，电机的导体棒由一些相互间绝缘的股线段1组成，每个股线1都配有一个股线绝缘2。全部股线1组成一个导线束，再由一个主绝缘3包起来。
在图2所示的放大倍数较大的视图中，可以从许多层上下绕在一起的绝缘带41，42，43，44看出主绝缘的分层结构。
每个用绝缘带41，42，43，44，……都包含两层，即云母层5和玻璃织物层6。带有经纱7a和纬纱7b的玻璃织物的网眼中，即玻璃织物的两个相邻玻璃纱之间的空隙中，充满一种树脂8，这种树脂中混入一种粒度在0.1至15μm之间的金属氧化物粉粒9。云母层5中实际上不含任何金属氧化物粉粒。
绝缘带的结构到此是与开头引用的US-A-4，806，806中所述的结构相同的。
而按照本发明的玻璃织物的经纱7a和纬纱7b上涂有一层保护层，其厚度处于颗粒9大小的数量级上，大约为1至10μm，最好为3至5μm。该保护层10防止由极薄的玻璃纤维11组成的玻璃纱遭受刻划。保护层10最好由经柔化处理的环氧树脂构成，这种环氧树脂可以与后来用的浸渍树脂相容并且也能很好地浸湿玻璃纱7a和7b和玻璃纤维。
本发明的绝缘带的一个优选实施例具有如下的典型特征值：
玻璃织物层6的层厚：50μm
云母层5的层厚：100μm
经纱和纬纱的厚度：25μm
纤维或长丝的厚度：8μm
保护层10的厚度：5μm
氧化铝粉粒的粒度：3μm
粘接树脂8：环氧树脂
除了玻璃织物外，还可以采用所谓的混合织物，其中经纱7a由玻璃纱构成，纬纱7b用塑料，如聚脂构成。
制造绝缘带时主要有如下工序：首先在玻璃织物6的纱线7上涂覆一种稀液状的树脂、最好是环氧树脂，使之基本上只有纱线上涂覆了一层保护层，而树脂并不填充到织物的网眼中。在此之后采用滚压工艺将填充剂（包括树脂和金属氧化物粉粒）施加到玻璃织物上。接着将经这样预处理过的织物与云母层5粘接在一起。

Claims (5)

1、一种由一层或多层织物层(6)和云母层(5)构成的绝缘带，其中主要在由纱线(7a，7b)构成的织物(6)的网眼中填充一种树脂(8)，这样树脂中配有一种填充剂，该填充剂含有其导热率大于树脂的导热率的显微级小颗粒(9)，其特征是，织物(6)的纱线(7a，7b)上加了一层由树脂或漆构成的保护层(10)，该保护层(10)，基本上只包住织物(6)的纱线，而织物的网眼中则不被填充，相对于填充剂而言，用重量百分比表示的云母部分大于或至少等于1。
2、按权利要求1的绝缘带，其特征是，填充剂至少包括一种由下面一组材料中选取的组分，这组材料包括氮化硼，氮化铝，氮化硅，氧化铝，氧化镁，氧化铍，或碳化硅，填充剂的粒度为0.1μm至15μm。
3、按权利要求1或2的绝缘带，其特征是，保护层（10）由树脂或漆构成，厚度为1μm至10μm。
4、按权利要求1至3中之一的绝缘带，其特征是，织物（6）是玻璃织物或者是一种其经纱（7a）为玻璃纱，纬纱（7b）为塑料，例如象聚酯构成的混合织物。
5、制造权利要求1所述的绝缘带的方法，其特征是，从一织物开始，首先在织物（6）的纱线（7a，7b）上涂覆一种稀液状的树脂，最好是环氧树脂，使之基本上只在纱线（7a，7b）上包覆一层保护层（10），而树脂不填充到织物的网眼中，在此之后将一种带有填充剂的树脂施加到织物（6）上，接着将这样预处理过的织物与一个云母层（5）粘接起来。
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CN101460305B (zh) * 2006-04-03 2012-11-14 西门子能源公司 用于制备具有载入的htc材料的复合绝缘带的方法
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DE4244298A1 (de) 1994-06-30

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