CN109103277B - 一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109103277B
CN109103277B CN201810840948.6A CN201810840948A CN109103277B CN 109103277 B CN109103277 B CN 109103277B CN 201810840948 A CN201810840948 A CN 201810840948A CN 109103277 B CN109103277 B CN 109103277B
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杨为家
沈耿哲
何鑫
梁萍
刘俊杰
刘铭全
刘艳怡
王诺媛
陈毅湛
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法。经过制备混合溶液、多层薄膜、高温烧结、金属纳米粒子、电极等步骤制备所述基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器。本发明所述制备方法适用范围广,可以在多种大尺寸衬底上实现基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备,有利于降低生产成本,而且制造设备简单,工艺成熟,方便规模化生产,另外,本发明所述的紫外光电探测器光电响应性能优良。

Description

一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光电探测器领域,特别涉及一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着现代工业的高速发展,温室气体对臭氧层造成了严重的破坏,臭氧层变薄,甚至臭氧层局部出现了空洞。臭氧层的变薄或者空洞会导致入射到地球表面的紫外线增加。过量的紫外线对地球生物而言有极大的危害。特别对于人类而言,过高的紫外剂量照射很容易灼伤皮肤甚至诱发皮肤癌等严重疾病。因此,加强对户外紫外线的监测就显得非常重要。ZnO是一种无毒、生物兼容性极佳、原材料丰富的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族宽带隙半导体材料,也是一种新兴的紫外光电材料,在光催化降解、气敏传感、光电探测、光电显示等领域具有广阔的应用前景。室温下,未参杂的ZnO的吸收带边在360nm附近,属于近紫外波段,且具有较好的综合光电性能。因此,ZnO材料是一种制造紫外探测的理想材料。现有技术中有较多利用ZnO薄膜来制备紫外探测器的。如CN1400674A该发明利用光刻胶遮挡和磁控溅射的方式溅射出电极,制备紫外探测器。还有如CN106711283A将ZnO制作成墨水,通过喷墨打印的方式制造紫外光电探测器。但这些制造过程条件大多苛刻,对设备要求高,不利于生产成本的降低。
此外,ZnO纳米网格材料也是一种很好的制造紫外探测的理想材料,有望在气敏传感、光电探测、光催化等领域扮演重要的角色。因此,针对现有技术的不足,发展一种低成本、可控的基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器制备技术,对促进ZnO纳米网格的应用和紫外光电探测发展具有积极的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器及其制备方法。该制备方法过程简单、成本低,制造的紫外光电探测器具有尺寸可控、分布均匀性好且光电响应性能优良的特点。
本发明通过以下技术方案实现。
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器,由下往上,依次由衬底、ZnO薄膜、ZnO纳米网格、金属纳米粒子、电极组成。
优选的,所述衬底选自玻璃、蓝宝石、硅、石英、金属基板中的一种。
优选的,所述金属纳米粒子包含Pt、Ag、Ni、Ti、Fe、Cu中的至少一种。
本发明还提供一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法。
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇(分析纯AR,体积分数为98%)按0.08-0.8g:20-160mL的比例制备混合溶液,并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌30-70min,获得醋酸锌和乙醇的混合溶液A,接着,将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.08-0.8g:0.035-0.4g:20-160mL的比例配置混合溶液;并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌30-70min,获得醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:以玻璃、石英、硅片、蓝宝石、金属板的一种为衬底,衬底尺寸在2cm×2cm-10英寸,使用旋涂仪(北京金时速仪器设备有限公司提供,型号为TA-280)在衬底上均匀涂覆一层醋酸锌、乙醇混合薄膜,具体的旋涂工艺如下:首先在衬底上使用滴管滴加4-12滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以350-500r/min的速度旋转衬底30-90s,使混合溶液A均匀铺展在衬底上,之后,第二次以1200-1600r/min的速度旋转衬底10-50s,接着第三次以3500-5500r/min的速度旋转衬底50-140s,并在旋转过程中滴加4-15滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:将薄膜C转移到电热板(鹤壁市民生科技开发有限责任公司提供,型号为民生星SB电热板)上,在60-130℃烘烤8-40min,获得醋酸锌薄膜,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)5-25次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B(将混合溶液B滴加在薄膜D上),依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复1-3次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将制备好的多层薄膜E转移到箱式炉中,以每分钟3-8℃的速率升温到350-650℃,保温0.5-3h,在升温的过程中,醋酸锌脱水变成150-500nm厚的ZnO薄膜;而碳酸锌在高温下分解成CO2和ZnO,CO2将醋酸锌、碳酸锌混合薄膜撑开从而在ZnO薄膜上形成ZnO纳米网格;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO样品转移到喷金仪(广州竞赢科学仪器有限公司提供,型号为108Auto/SE)中,并在0.6-1.0mbar下,使用9-11mA的电流溅射金属靶材5-10s,即可在ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格上形成直径为1-15nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上接着使用掩膜板遮挡ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格,在0.6-1.0mbar下,使用9-11mA的电流分别溅射两种金属靶材40-140s,制得金属电极两电极之间的距离为2-50μm,进而,在150-450℃下进行合金化处理1-3h,获得欧姆接触的金属电极,最后获得所述紫外光电探测器。
优选的,步骤(1)中制备混合溶液A的醋酸锌和乙醇的比例为0.1-0.5g:30-120mL,制备混合溶液B的醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的比例为0.1-0.5g:0.035-0.2g:30-120mL。
优选的,步骤(3)中薄膜C在80-120℃下烘烤。
优选的,步骤(6)中以每分钟3-5℃的速率升温到450-550℃,保温1-2h。
优选的,步骤(7)中在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流溅射金属靶材。
优选的,步骤(7)中金属纳米粒子直径为2-10nm。
优选的,步骤(8)中在200-400℃下进行合金化处理1-2h。
优选的,步骤(8)中金属靶材为Pt、Cr。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:(1)本发明适用范围广,可以在多种大尺寸衬底上实现基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备,衬底包括载玻片、Si、蓝宝石、金属,有利于降低生产成本;(2)制造设备简单,工艺成熟,方便规模化生产;(3)本发明所述的紫外光电探测器光电响应性能优良。
附图说明
图1是本发明的实施例2的ZnO纳米网格的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图2是本发明的实施例2制备的ZnO纳米网格的X射线衍射图谱。
图3是本发明的实施例2制备的基于ZnO纳米网格的光电探测器的结构示意图。
图4是本发明的实施例2制备的基于ZnO纳米网格的光电探测器在不同波长光照射下的响应电流。
具体实施方式
本发明所述实施例旨在进一步说明本发明所述技术方案,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇按0.08g:20mL的比例制备混合溶液,并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min,获得醋酸锌和乙醇的混合溶液A,接着,将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.08g:0.035g:20mL的比例配置混合溶液;并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌30min,获得醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:以玻璃、石英、硅片、蓝宝石、金属板的一种为衬底,衬底尺寸为2cm×2cm,使用旋涂仪在衬底上均匀涂覆一层醋酸锌、乙醇混合薄膜,具体的旋涂工艺如下:首先在衬底上使用滴管滴加4滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以350r/min的速度旋转衬底30s,使混合溶液A均匀铺展在衬底上,之后,第二次以1200r/min的速度旋转衬底10s,接着第三次以3500r/min的速度旋转衬底50s,并在旋转过程中滴加4滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:将薄膜C转移到电热板上,在60℃烘烤40min,获得醋酸锌薄膜,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)5次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B,依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复1次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将制备好的多层薄膜E转移到箱式炉中,以每分钟3℃的速率升温到350℃,保温0.5h,在升温的过程中,醋酸锌脱水变成ZnO薄膜;而碳酸锌在高温下分解成CO2和ZnO,CO2将醋酸锌、碳酸锌混合薄膜撑开从而在ZnO薄膜上形成ZnO纳米网格;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO样品转移到喷金仪当中,并在0.6mbar下,使用9mA的电流溅射Pt靶材5s,即可在ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格上形成直径为1-3nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上接着使用掩膜板遮挡ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格,在0.6mbar下,使用9mA的电流分别溅射Pt、Cr金属靶材140s,制得金属电极,进而,在150℃下进行合金化处理3h,获得欧姆接触的Pt、Cr金属电极,最后获得所述紫外光电探测器。
实施例2
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇按0.1g:30mL的比例制备混合溶液,并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌60min,获得醋酸锌和乙醇的混合溶液A,接着,将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.1g:0.035g:30mL的比例配置混合溶液;并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌60min,获得醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:以玻璃、石英、硅片、蓝宝石、金属板的一种为衬底,衬底尺寸为5cm×5cm,使用旋涂仪在衬底上均匀涂覆一层醋酸锌、乙醇混合薄膜,具体的旋涂工艺如下:首先在衬底上使用滴管滴加10滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以450r/min的速度旋转衬底60s,使混合溶液A均匀铺展在衬底上,之后,第二次以1600r/min的速度旋转衬底30s,接着第三次以5000r/min的速度旋转衬底120s,并在旋转过程中滴加12滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:将薄膜C转移到电热板上,在120℃烘烤10min,获得醋酸锌薄膜,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)20次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B,依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复1次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将制备好的多层薄膜E转移到箱式炉中,以每分钟5℃的速率升温到600℃,保温2h,在升温的过程中,醋酸锌脱水变成ZnO薄膜;而碳酸锌在高温下分解成CO2和ZnO,CO2将醋酸锌、碳酸锌混合薄膜撑开从而在ZnO薄膜上形成ZnO纳米网格;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO样品转移到喷金仪当中,并在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流溅射金属靶材10s,即可在ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格上形成直径为2-4nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上接着使用掩膜板遮挡ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格,在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流分别溅射Pt、Cr金属靶材120s,制得金属电极,进而,在400℃下进行合金化处理2h,获得欧姆接触的Pt、Cr金属电极,最后获得所述紫外光电探测器。
如图1所示,本实施例制备的紫外光电探测器的ZnO纳米网格的扫描电子显微镜照片。从图中可以看到清晰的纳米网格形貌。图2是基于ZnO纳米网格的X射线衍射图谱。图2中出现的(100)(002)(101)(102)(110)都是ZnO的特征衍射峰,(002)峰最强代表所制备的ZnO纳米花以(002)择优取向为主,由此说明探测器的材料为ZnO。图3是本实施例制备的基于ZnO纳米网格的光电探测器的结构示意图,11为衬底,12为ZnO薄膜,13为ZnO纳米网格,14为金属纳米粒子,两个15都为Pt/Cr混合而成的金属电极。图4是本实施例制备的基于ZnO纳米网格的光电探测器在不同波长光照射下的响应电流。当入射光为250nm,光电探测器产生的光电流为64μA,大于其他构造(如其他制备过程与本实施例相同,但没有制备ZnO纳米网格的过程,在此情况下,光电探测器的光电流为58μA)。由此说明,本发明所述光电探测器具有优异的光电响应性能。
实施例3
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇按0.15g:30mL的比例制备混合溶液,并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌60min,获得醋酸锌和乙醇的混合溶液A,接着,将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.15g:0.035g:30mL的比例配置混合溶液;并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌60min,获得醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:以玻璃、石英、硅片、蓝宝石、金属板的一种为衬底,衬底尺寸为8cm×8cm,使用旋涂仪在衬底上均匀涂覆一层醋酸锌、乙醇混合薄膜,具体的旋涂工艺如下:首先在衬底上使用滴管滴加10滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以400r/min的速度旋转衬底60s,使混合溶液A均匀铺展在衬底上,之后,第二次以1600r/min的速度旋转衬底20s,接着第三次以4000r/min的速度旋转衬底120s,并在旋转过程中滴加12滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:将薄膜C转移到电热板上,在80-120℃烘烤10-30min,获得醋酸锌薄膜,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)20次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B,依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复1次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将制备好的多层薄膜E转移到箱式炉中,以每分钟5℃的速率升温到600℃,保温2h,在升温的过程中,醋酸锌脱水变成ZnO薄膜;而碳酸锌在高温下分解成CO2和ZnO,CO2将醋酸锌、碳酸锌混合薄膜撑开从而在ZnO薄膜上形成ZnO纳米网格;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO样品转移到喷金仪当中,并在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流溅射金属靶材10s,即可在ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格上形成直径为2-4nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上接着使用掩膜板遮挡ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格,在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流分别溅射Pt、Cr金属靶材100s,制得Pt、Cr金属电极,进而,在400℃下进行合金化处理2h,获得欧姆接触的Pt、Cr金属电极,最后获得所述紫外光电探测器。
实施例4
一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇按0.8g:160mL的比例制备混合溶液,并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌70min,获得醋酸锌和乙醇的混合溶液A,接着,将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.8g:0.4g:160mL的比例配置混合溶液;并使用磁力搅拌器搅拌70min,获得醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:以玻璃、石英、硅片、蓝宝石、金属板的一种为衬底,衬底尺寸为10英寸,使用旋涂仪在衬底上均匀涂覆一层醋酸锌、乙醇混合薄膜,具体的旋涂工艺如下:首先在衬底上使用滴管滴加12滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以500r/min的速度旋转衬底90s,使混合溶液A均匀铺展在衬底上,之后,第二次以1600r/min的速度旋转衬底50s,接着第三次以5500r/min的速度旋转衬底140s,并在旋转过程中滴加15滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:将薄膜C转移到电热板上,在130℃烘烤40min,获得醋酸锌薄膜,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)25次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B,依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复3次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将制备好的多层薄膜E转移到箱式炉中,以每分钟7-8℃的速率升温到650℃,保温3h,在升温的过程中,醋酸锌脱水变成ZnO薄膜;而碳酸锌在高温下分解成CO2和ZnO,CO2将醋酸锌、碳酸锌混合薄膜撑开从而在ZnO薄膜上形成ZnO纳米网格;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO样品转移到喷金仪当中,并在1.0mbar下,使用11mA的电流溅射Ti靶材10s,即可在ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格上形成直径为10-15nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上接着使用掩膜板遮挡ZnO薄膜及ZnO纳米网格,在1.0mbar下,使用11mA的电流分别溅射Pt、Cr金属靶材140s,制得Pt、Cr金属电极,进而,在450℃下进行合金化处理3h,获得欧姆接触的Pt、Cr金属电极,最后获得所述紫外光电探测器。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)混合溶液的制备:将醋酸锌和乙醇按0.08-0.8g:20-160mL的比例制备混合溶液,搅拌30-70min,制得混合溶液A;然后将醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇按0.08-0.8g:0.035-0.4g:20-160mL的比例制备混合溶液,搅拌30-70min,制得混合溶液B;
(2)薄膜C的制备:在衬底上滴加4-12滴混合溶液A,接着第一次利用旋涂仪以350-500r/min的速度旋转衬底30-90s,接着第二次以1200-1600r/min的速度旋转10-50s,接着第三次以3500-5500r/min的速度旋转50-140s,并在旋转过程中滴加4-15滴混合溶液A,制得薄膜C,备用;
(3)低温烘干:在60-130℃下烘烤薄膜C 8-40min,备用;
(4)以步骤(3)所得薄膜为基础,依次重复步骤(2)和(3)5-25次,制得薄膜D;
(5)以薄膜D为基础,使用混合溶液B替代步骤(2)中的混合溶液A,依次按照步骤(2)和(3)重复1-3次,制得多层薄膜E;
(6)高温烧结:将多层薄膜E以每分钟3-8℃的速率升温到350-650℃,保温0.5-3h,制得ZnO纳米网格样品;
(7)制备金属纳米粒子:将经步骤(6)制备好的ZnO纳米网格样品转移到喷金仪中,并在0.6-1.0mbar,9-11mA的电流下溅射金属靶材5-10s,获得直径为1-15nm的金属纳米粒子;
(8)制备电极:在步骤(7)的基础上使用掩膜板遮挡,在0.6-1.0mbar,9-11mA的电流下分别溅射两种靶材40-140s,然后在150-450℃下进行合金化处理1-3h,获得电极,最后组装获得所述紫外光电探测器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中制备混合溶液A的醋酸锌和乙醇的比例为0.1-0.5g:30-120mL,制备混合溶液B的醋酸锌、碳酸锌、乙醇的比例为0.1-0.5g:0.035-0.2g:30-120mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中在80-120℃下烘烤薄膜C。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(6)中以每分钟3-5℃的速率升温到450-550℃,保温1-2h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(7)中在0.8mbar下,使用10mA的电流溅射金属靶材。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(8)中在200-400℃下进行合金化处理1-2h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于ZnO纳米网格的紫外光电探测器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(8)中靶材为Pt、Cr。
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