CN109090158B - Preparation method of medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak prepared from coptis chinensis and prevention and treatment method thereof - Google Patents
Preparation method of medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak prepared from coptis chinensis and prevention and treatment method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
- A01N47/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides containing —N=CX2 groups, e.g. isothiourea
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak prepared from coptis chinensis and a prevention and treatment method thereof, and relates to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. The medicine for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak, which is prepared by the invention, takes the alcohol extract of the Chinese medicinal material coptis as the medicine for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak, and the medicine is prepared from the Chinese medicinal materials, is environment-friendly and harmless to people and livestock. The method for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak by using the coptis chinensis as the control medicament combines the comprehensive sterilization component of the traditional Chinese medicine coptis chinensis extract and the quick-acting sterilization component of the chemical bactericide, and has excellent prevention effect on the prevention and treatment of the soft rot of the konjak. Meanwhile, residual sterilization components and organic matter components of the coptis chinensis powder are fully utilized, and the coptis chinensis powder has a promoting effect on assisting in improving the prevention and treatment effect of soft rot, increasing soil organic matters and improving the soil structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease control, in particular to a preparation method of a konjak soft rot control drug prepared from coptis chinensis and a control method thereof.
Background
Konjak (Amorphophallus konjac) is a perennial herb of Araceae, is a rare plant with high glucomannan content, and the content of corm glucomannan (KGM) can reach about 60 percent of dry weight. The konjac glucomannan is the best dietary fiber, is a 'seventh nutrient element' essential to human bodies, is one of preferred foods for patients with digestive tract diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, constipation, intestinal cancer and the like, and has wide application in the fields of medical treatment and health, fine chemical industry, biological medicine and the like. Therefore, the konjak has very high economic value, is widely applied to the fields of food, medical health products and biochemical industry, has wide market demands at home and abroad, and has an annual demand (in terms of fresh konjak) of 45 ten thousand tons only in the markets of Japan, Korea, southeast Asia and Europe and America, while the annual output of fresh konjak is only 38 ten thousand tons as one of the major countries of konjak in China, so that the method is difficult to meet the large demand of the markets at home and abroad. Therefore, the method has the advantages of developing the konjak planting industry in a planned way, establishing a commercial konjak base, enlarging production, and having very important significance for the economy of the Happy southwest mountainous area and helping farmers in the poverty mountainous area.
The konjak industry breeds infinite business opportunities, and the weakest and unstable link in the whole konjak industry chain is just the source industry, namely the konjak planting industry. The biggest bottleneck influencing the development of the konjak planting industry is the prevention and control problem of the soft rot of the konjak. The soft rot of konjak is a bacterial disease which has great infectivity and destruction to konjak plants, is called cancer of konjak, and when the serious disease occurs, the yield loss of konjak can reach 30% -50%, sometimes can reach more than 80%, even can be completely harvested, thus striking the enthusiasm of many farmers for planting konjak and bringing a destructive disaster to the konjak industry.
The Soft Rot Disease of konjak (Amorphophalus Soft Rot Disease) is one of the main diseases of konjak (Amorphophalus Konjac), the infected plant taro and the stem and leaf are Soft and rotten, the yield is greatly reduced, and the production of konjak is greatly threatened. The soft rot of konjak is a kind of bacterial soil-borne disease infected by pectobacterium chrysanthemi, erwinia chrysanthemi and the like, no disease-resistant variety with obvious resistance to the soft rot of konjak is found at present, and the prevention and control method mainly comprises chemical prevention and biological prevention and control. The chemical prevention and control mainly depends on chemical drugs such as agricultural streptomycin, benziothiazolinone, captan, bromothalonil and the like, has obvious prevention and control effect, but has the defects of environmental pollution, harm to people and livestock, easy generation of drug resistance and the like. Biocontrol bacteria and plant extracts are mainly used for biological control. In the aspect of biocontrol bacteria, bacillus such as bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and bacillus thuringiensis are used more, and the control effect on the konjac soft rot is 32.3-74%. Secondly, actinomycetes and fungi, such as streptomyces clausii, scoparia mosellana and trichoderma fungi, also have a certain control effect on konjac soft rot. The biocontrol bacterium has certain effect on controlling the soft rot of the konjak, but has certain defects: for example, in case of stability, most of the biocontrol bacteria are viable bacteria preparations, and are affected by environmental conditions such as soil pH, fertility, temperature and humidity, illumination and the like in the field, so that the desired control effect is difficult to achieve. Under the conditions of multiple defects, poor prevention effect and limited practical application effect of preventing and controlling the soft rot of the konjak by land rotation and application of chemical agents, a high-efficiency bactericide for preventing and controlling the soft rot of the konjak is developed, in recent years, many researchers begin to try to develop a biological preparation for preventing and controlling the soft rot of the konjak, and for example, the biological preparation (ZL200510048755) for preventing and controlling the bacterial soft rot of the konjak is prepared by using bacillus amyloliquefaciens C3 and fermentation liquor thereof by Jiguanghai and the like at Yunnan agricultural university, so that the prevention effect of more than 46.7 percent and certain yield increase effect are obtained, but the method is not widely applied due to various reasons of high preparation technical requirements, pending examination on biological safety and the like.
Although a few of traditional Chinese medicine bactericides have been applied to the field of biological pesticides, such as bactericides containing rhubarb extract and compositions thereof (ZL02123720.4), the traditional Chinese medicine bactericides have poor pertinence and influence on the killing effect of the traditional Chinese medicine bactericides on pathogenic bacteria of the soft rot of konjak, if the traditional Chinese medicine bactericides are applied to the prevention and treatment of the soft rot of konjak, traditional Chinese medicines and active ingredients thereof which have good inhibiting and killing effects on the pathogenic bacteria of the soft rot of konjak must be found from a plurality of traditional Chinese medicines with bactericidal effects, and the prevention effect can be effectively improved only by combining the traditional Chinese medicine with the low-toxicity chemical medicaments in case of symptom and treatment and treating both symptoms and root causes in a mode of combining traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine, and the research on the aspect is not reported at present, so that the product which has high-efficiency prevention and treatment on the soft rot.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the application provides the preparation method for preparing the medicine for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak by utilizing the coptis chinensis and the prevention and treatment method thereof. The method for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak by using the coptis chinensis as the control medicament combines the comprehensive sterilization component of the traditional Chinese medicine coptis chinensis extract and the quick-acting sterilization component of the chemical bactericide, and has excellent prevention effect on the prevention and treatment of the soft rot of the konjak. Meanwhile, residual sterilization components and organic matter components of the coptis chinensis powder are fully utilized, and the coptis chinensis powder has a promoting effect on assisting in improving the prevention and treatment effect of soft rot, increasing soil organic matters and improving the soil structure.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the method is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method for preparing a medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak by utilizing coptis chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying the coptis chinensis, and crushing the coptis chinensis after drying in the sun, wherein the crushing fineness is 250 meshes and 300 meshes; weighing a certain amount of crushed coptis powder, adding 700ml of 80% ethanol 500-one per hundred grams of coptis powder, oscillating at the constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 48-50h, performing suction filtration after the constant-temperature oscillation is finished, performing rotary evaporation on the filtrate at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to 1/3 volumes to obtain an alcohol extract of coptis, and naturally drying the coptis dregs after the suction filtration.
The oscillation speed of the constant temperature oscillation is 150 r/min.
The alcohol extract of Coptidis rhizoma obtained after evaporation is stored at 5 deg.C.
A method for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak prepared from coptis chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting healthy konjak seeds before sowing, airing the healthy konjak seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, diluting the alcohol extract of the coptis chinensis prepared by the extraction method by 3-4 times, soaking the aired konjak seeds in the diluent for 1 hour, taking out the konjak seeds after soaking, and airing the konjak seeds for later use;
the land is well arranged before sowing, furrows or holes are dug on the land, the soaked konjak seeds are uniformly sown in the planting furrows/holes according to the planting specification, meanwhile, the coptis dregs are uniformly scattered in the planting furrows/holes, and soil is covered;
after the seedlings of the konjak emerge and leaves are spread, irrigating the roots of konjak seedlings by using ethanol extract of coptis chinensis diluted by 3-4 times, wherein 50ml of ethanol extract is used for each plant, and the water is irrigated once again after 1 week;
from the beginning of the period of changing the head of the konjak, the root of the konjak is irrigated with a diluent which is 3-4 times of the alcohol extract of the coptis root, each plant is irrigated with 50ml of the diluent, and simultaneously, a 20% moroxydine hydrochloride solution which is 750 times of the alcohol extract is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the konjak, once every 10 days and 3 times continuously.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects brought by the application are shown in that:
1. the alcohol extract of the Chinese medicinal material coptis and the extracted dregs are used as the medicine for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak, the medicine is prepared from the Chinese medicinal material, and the medicine is environment-friendly and harmless to people and livestock after long-term use and inspection of people in China.
2. The residue after the extraction of the medicine is also used as an auxiliary medicine for preventing and treating soft rot, and residual sterilization components in the coptis chinensis residue and organic matter components of coptis chinensis powder are fully utilized, so that the effect of preventing and treating the soft rot is improved, soil organic matter is increased, and the soil structure is improved.
3. The coptis chinensis alcohol extract has extremely obvious inhibition effect on main pathogenic bacteria of the konjac soft rot. A filter paper method is used for carrying out bacteriostasis tests on main pathogenic bacteria (P.chrysanthemium, Pch) of the konjac soft rot disease by utilizing the coptis alcohol extract, so that the coptis alcohol extract has a very remarkable bacteriostasis effect, and the diameter of a bacteriostasis zone of the coptis alcohol extract reaches 1.83-2.27 cm, which is remarkably higher than that of a control.
4. The coptis chinensis alcohol extract has extremely remarkable prevention and treatment effects on the soft rot of konjak. The alcohol extract of the coptis is diluted by 3-4 times, the seeds are soaked, and the roots of the coptis are irrigated twice in the leaf expanding period, and the roots of the konjak are irrigated three times continuously in the initial stage of the soft rot, so that the plant rate of the soft rot is only 12.92% -14.29%, the plant rate is extremely lower than that of a blank control, and the relative prevention effect is 73.78% -71%, and the excellent prevention effect is shown.
5. The method for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak by combining the medicament for preventing and treating the soft rot of the konjak prepared from the traditional Chinese medicinal material coptis root and the chemical medicaments such as moroxydine hydrochloride and the like is characterized in that the coptis root extracting solution is diluted according to a certain proportion and then is soaked in seeds and irrigated into roots, and meanwhile, the chemical medicaments such as moroxydine hydrochloride and the like are sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the method has an obvious effect of preventing and treating the soft rot. The field test result shows that seeds are soaked by using a diluent of 3-4 times of the alcohol extract of the coptis before sowing, roots are irrigated twice after seedlings emerge and leaves are expanded, roots are irrigated three times continuously at the beginning of the period (7 middle ten days), and simultaneously, a solution of morpholine guanidine hydrochloride of 750 times and 20% is sprayed to prevent and control the soft rot of the konjak, the plant rate of the soft rot is only 9.9-11.77%, the plant rate is extremely lower than that of a blank control, and the relative prevention effect reaches 71.62-76.13%. Compared with the traditional streptomycin sulfate root irrigation prevention and control method, the method has the relative prevention effect of the soft rot of the konjak of 40.85-50.25 percent, and is remarkably superior to the streptomycin sulfate root irrigation prevention and control method.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses:
a method for preparing medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of rhizoma Amorphophalli from Coptidis rhizoma comprises sun drying Coptidis rhizoma, pulverizing, sieving with 300 mesh sieve, collecting 100g pulverized Coptidis rhizoma powder, adding 500ml 80% ethanol, oscillating at constant temperature of 35 deg.C and 150r/min for 48 hr, filtering, rotary evaporating filtrate at 50 deg.C to 150ml to obtain alcoholic extractive solution of Coptidis rhizoma, and naturally sun drying Coptidis rhizoma residue after filtering.
Example 2
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses:
a method for preparing medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of rhizoma Amorphophalli from Coptidis rhizoma comprises sun drying Coptidis rhizoma, pulverizing, sieving with 250 mesh sieve, collecting 100g pulverized Coptidis rhizoma powder, adding 80% ethanol 700ml, oscillating at 35 deg.C for 50 hr, performing suction filtration after constant temperature oscillation is completed, rotary evaporating filtrate at 60 deg.C to 200ml to obtain Coptidis rhizoma alcoholic extract, and naturally sun drying Coptidis rhizoma residue after suction filtration. The oscillation speed of the constant temperature oscillation is 150 r/min. The alcohol extract of Coptidis rhizoma obtained after evaporation is stored at 5 deg.C.
Example 3
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses:
a method for preparing medicine for preventing and treating soft rot of rhizoma Amorphophalli from Coptidis rhizoma comprises sun drying Coptidis rhizoma, pulverizing, sieving with 260 mesh sieve, collecting 100g pulverized Coptidis rhizoma powder, adding 600ml 80% ethanol, oscillating at 35 deg.C for 49 hr, performing suction filtration after oscillation at constant temperature, rotary evaporating filtrate at 55 deg.C to 200ml to obtain Coptidis rhizoma alcoholic extract, and naturally sun drying Coptidis rhizoma residue after suction filtration. The oscillation speed of the constant temperature oscillation is 150 r/min. The alcohol extract of Coptidis rhizoma obtained after evaporation is stored at 5 deg.C.
Example 4
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses:
a method for preventing and treating soft rot of rhizoma Amorphophalli by use of Coptidis rhizoma comprises selecting healthy seed taro with size of about 50g before sowing, and sun drying for 2-3 days; diluting the coptis chinensis extracting solution by 3 times and 4 times respectively, immersing the aired konjac seeds in the diluted coptis chinensis extracting solution respectively, soaking the seeds for 1 hour, and then taking out and airing; sowing in the prepared soil, directly spreading the dried rhizoma coptidis dregs in the planting holes of the konjac after sowing, and covering soil.
After the seedlings of the konjak emerge and the leaves are spread, pouring about 50ml of diluted coptis alcohol extract into each plant, and pouring once again at intervals of 1 week. And at the initial stage of soft rot, irrigating the roots of the konjak seedlings with the corresponding diluent of the coptis chinensis extracting solution by about 50ml per plant, and irrigating once again after 10 days, and continuously irrigating for three times.
After the treatment by the method, the emergence rate and the diseased plant rate of the konjak are investigated, the diluted solution seed soaking of the coptis chinensis alcohol extract has no obvious influence on the emergence rate of the konjak, and the emergence rates of the diluted solutions with two concentrations after seed soaking are both 98 percent and have no obvious difference with a control. The morbidity of the konjac soft rot treated by the coptis chinensis extracting solution is remarkably reduced compared with that of a control, the morbidity of the konjac soft rot treated by the coptis chinensis extracting solution after being treated by 3-time diluent and 4-time diluent is 12.92% and 14.29% respectively, the konjac soft rot treated by the coptis chinensis extracting solution is remarkably lower than that of the control (48.67%), and the relative prevention effect is 73.78% and 71% respectively. Compared with a streptomycin sulfate root irrigation prevention and control method, the prevention and control effect has no obvious difference, wherein the disease rate (13.01%) of the 3-time diluent is 0.09% lower than that of streptomycin sulfate, and the disease rate of the 4-time diluent is 1.28% higher than that of streptomycin sulfate.
Example 5
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the present embodiment discloses:
a method for preventing and treating soft rot of rhizoma Amorphophalli from rhizoma Coptidis comprises sun drying the seeds for 2-3 days before seeding rhizoma Amorphophalli, sun drying the surface, diluting rhizoma Coptidis extractive solution by 3 times or 4 times, soaking rhizoma Amorphophalli seeds in the diluted medicinal liquid for 1 hr, taking out rhizoma Amorphophalli seeds, air drying, and seeding.
After the seedlings of the konjac emerge and leaves are spread, irrigating roots with the corresponding diluted extracting solution, irrigating the roots once every two plants at an interval of about 50ml, irrigating the roots once every 1 week, beginning irrigating the roots with the diluent of the coptis extracting solution after 7 months and 10 days, irrigating the roots with about 50ml for each plant, spraying 750 times of 20% moroxydine hydrochloride solution on the leaves of the plants, treating the leaves once every 10 days, and continuously performing three times.
The treatment result shows that the diluent of the coptis extract is used for soaking seeds and irrigating roots, and meanwhile, moroxydine hydrochloride solution with certain concentration is sprayed, so that the effect of preventing the soft rot of the konjak is better. The rhizoma coptidis diluent is used for processing, and the moroxydine hydrochloride which is 750 times and 20% is used for spraying, so that the plant rate of the soft rot disease of the konjak is only 9.9%, the disease rate is extremely lower than that of a control (the plant rate is 41.47%) and the root irrigation control of streptomycin sulfate (19.9%), and the relative control effects are respectively 76.13% and 50.25%. The rhizoma coptidis diluent is treated by 4 times of rhizoma coptidis diluent and is supplemented with 20% of moroxydine hydrochloride which is 750 times of the rhizoma coptidis diluent to be sprayed, the plant rate of the soft rot disease of the konjak is 11.77%, the method is also extremely lower than a control method and a streptomycin sulfate control method, and the relative control effects are 71.62% and 40.85% respectively.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak caused by pectobacterium chrysanthemi by utilizing coptis chinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting healthy konjak seeds before sowing, airing the healthy konjak seeds in the sun for 2-3 days, diluting an alcohol extract of coptis chinensis prepared by the following extraction method by 3-4 times, soaking the aired konjak seeds in the diluent for 1 hour, taking out the konjak seeds after soaking, and airing the konjak seeds for later use;
the extraction method of the alcohol extract of the coptis comprises the following steps: drying the coptis chinensis, and crushing the coptis chinensis after drying in the sun, wherein the crushing fineness is 250 meshes and 300 meshes; weighing a certain amount of crushed coptis powder, adding 700ml of 80% ethanol 500-one per hundred grams of coptis powder, oscillating at the constant temperature of 35 ℃ for 48-50h, performing suction filtration after the constant-temperature oscillation is finished, performing rotary evaporation on the filtrate at the temperature of 50-60 ℃ to 1/3 volumes to obtain an alcohol extract of coptis, and naturally drying coptis dregs after the suction filtration;
the land is well arranged before sowing, furrows or holes are dug on the land, the soaked konjak seeds are uniformly sown in the planting furrows/holes according to the planting specification, meanwhile, the coptis dregs are uniformly scattered in the planting furrows/holes, and soil is covered;
after the seedlings of the konjak emerge and leaves are spread, irrigating the roots of konjak seedlings by using ethanol extract of coptis chinensis diluted by 3-4 times, wherein 50ml of ethanol extract is used for each plant, and the water is irrigated once again after 1 week;
from the beginning of the period of changing the head of the konjak, the root of the konjak is irrigated with a diluent which is 3-4 times of the alcohol extract of the coptis root, each plant is irrigated with 50ml of the diluent, and simultaneously, a 20% moroxydine hydrochloride solution which is 750 times of the alcohol extract is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the konjak, once every 10 days and 3 times continuously.
2. The method for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak caused by pectobacterium chrysanthemi by utilizing coptis chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the oscillation speed of the constant temperature oscillation is 150 r/min.
3. The method for preventing and treating soft rot of konjak caused by pectobacterium chrysanthemi by utilizing coptis chinensis as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the alcohol extract of Coptidis rhizoma obtained after evaporation is stored at 5 deg.C.
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