CN109071366B - 表面施用的缓蚀剂 - Google Patents
表面施用的缓蚀剂 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109071366B CN109071366B CN201780017370.8A CN201780017370A CN109071366B CN 109071366 B CN109071366 B CN 109071366B CN 201780017370 A CN201780017370 A CN 201780017370A CN 109071366 B CN109071366 B CN 109071366B
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- silane
- sealant composition
- mol
- bis
- ethoxyethoxy
- Prior art date
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- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 143
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 alkyl acetamides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 82
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyltriethoxysilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC MSRJTTSHWYDFIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ALVYUZIFSCKIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC(C)C)(OCC)OCC ALVYUZIFSCKIFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical group CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- HRKAMJBPFPHCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tri-isobutylphosphate Chemical compound CC(C)COP(=O)(OCC(C)C)OCC(C)C HRKAMJBPFPHCSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SXPLZNMUBFBFIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- SCPWMSBAGXEGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SCPWMSBAGXEGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC RSKGMYDENCAJEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- UWSYCPWEBZRZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C UWSYCPWEBZRZNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC XGZGKDQVCBHSGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YGUFXEJWPRRAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC YGUFXEJWPRRAEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyltrimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)OC BFXIKLCIZHOAAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-yn-1-ol Chemical compound OCC#C TVDSBUOJIPERQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC(C)C HXOGQBSDPSMHJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(ethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(OCC)OCC DENFJSAFJTVPJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(hexadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC OYGYKEULCAINCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(octyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC NMEPHPOFYLLFTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[3,5-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-1,3,5-triazinan-1-yl]-n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCN1CN(CCCN(C)C)CN(CCCN(C)C)C1 FZQMJOOSLXFQSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QXIVQIQPZWALGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-methyl-2-phenoxydecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCC(Oc1ccccc1)C(O)=O QXIVQIQPZWALGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethylacetamide Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(C)=O AJFDBNQQDYLMJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O WRKCIHRWQZQBOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- WLGDAKIJYPIYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCS(O)(=O)=O WLGDAKIJYPIYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000012738 dissolution medium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011396 hydraulic cement Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 description 7
- LNNVEWRLQMHVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCCCC LNNVEWRLQMHVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- FUEDYEAZWKUUBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecyl(diethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCCCCCCCC FUEDYEAZWKUUBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- YPENMAABQGWRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCC YPENMAABQGWRBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XNVZKJZCALLJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[SiH2]CCCCCCCCCCCC XNVZKJZCALLJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(diethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](CC)(CC)OCC ZMAPKOCENOWQRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UDFQIGODCFRNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(dihexyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCC UDFQIGODCFRNJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- JVNXARRZZVYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC JVNXARRZZVYVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- DYYLMOUWGWIHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)-dipentylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)CCCCC DYYLMOUWGWIHFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 4
- VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](CC)(OC)OC VSYLGGHSEIWGJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OYKRJAFWJPSUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl-tris(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC OYKRJAFWJPSUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- FBXFOZZBULDQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyclohexylethyl(diethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)CCC1CCCCC1 FBXFOZZBULDQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012241 calcium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- SJJCABYOVIHNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-dimethoxy-methylsilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)C1CCCCC1 SJJCABYOVIHNPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QEPVYYOIYSITJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl-ethyl-dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)C1CCCCC1 QEPVYYOIYSITJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTYZQVDVGVAXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethyl(diethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[SiH](OCC)CC1CCCCC1 RTYZQVDVGVAXSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWPSMOUROSROLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCC TWPSMOUROSROLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TYXIAHKLJMLPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCC TYXIAHKLJMLPIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NCXUIEDQTCQZRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;decanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O NCXUIEDQTCQZRK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- GVRIUUVDWATENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(triheptyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCC[Si](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)OCC GVRIUUVDWATENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[SiH3] CWAFVXWRGIEBPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- KGYMEAMMTCVOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trihexyl(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)OC KGYMEAMMTCVOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 description 3
- JLMKCWZTLGYULD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethoxy(trihexadecyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC JLMKCWZTLGYULD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YDYSZZWQOLQYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxy(trioctyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC YDYSZZWQOLQYMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUFVMVQDPQCQKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxy(tripentyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(CCCCC)CCCCC DUFVMVQDPQCQKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SICSKQSACPLMIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(CCCCC1)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC Chemical compound C1(CCCCC1)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC SICSKQSACPLMIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQTKLYYISKLJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC[SiH](OCC)OCC Chemical compound CCCCCC[SiH](OCC)OCC YQTKLYYISKLJMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;dicalcium;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Fe+3] AGWMJKGGLUJAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STGMOBVHECNRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)-di(tetradecyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC STGMOBVHECNRSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHOSOEKRMILDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)-dihexylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)CCCCCC MHOSOEKRMILDQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DUYAAXMCJWLDSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)-dioctylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)CCCCCCCC DUYAAXMCJWLDSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BBGKCOUBSQFORH-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-dioctylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)CCCCCCCC BBGKCOUBSQFORH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEZXMFBCRYGNNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl(diethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCC[SiH](OCC)OCC ZEZXMFBCRYGNNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CMOPBIVMFANETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-propylsilane Chemical compound C(CCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)CCC CMOPBIVMFANETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] JHLNERQLKQQLRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- KQAHMVLQCSALSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC KQAHMVLQCSALSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OTZJBQPCAKHNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N di(butan-2-yl)-bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)(CC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)C(C)CC OTZJBQPCAKHNHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum tricalcium oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca++].[Ca++].[Ca++] HOOWDPSAHIOHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIGMCZRCTVJMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl-bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(CCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)CCCC HIGMCZRCTVJMIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WCGGHSRKRKOJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(CCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)CCCC WCGGHSRKRKOJQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicalcium;oxocalcium;silicate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca]=O.[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BCAARMUWIRURQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VLQBKEYXWWPFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N didecyl-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)CCCCCCCCCC VLQBKEYXWWPFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QNRQOLWFDOEZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(dioctadecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC QNRQOLWFDOEZPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YETKAVVSNLUTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(dioctyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCCCC YETKAVVSNLUTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDXFKFNGIDWIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(dipentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCC VDXFKFNGIDWIQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FDVMFDYBZFXRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy(pentan-2-yl)silane Chemical compound CCCC(C)[SiH](OCC)OCC FDVMFDYBZFXRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FLXFRIBPJKRXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-di(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCCCCCCC FLXFRIBPJKRXQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WXGNARCNKQERTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexadecyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WXGNARCNKQERTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYICXDQJFWXGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihexyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCC CYICXDQJFWXGTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LXAPXYULCIKKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dipentyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCC LXAPXYULCIKKNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JPGUDOGITVIWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-di(nonyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCC JPGUDOGITVIWAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOJFFNKHLVRADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-di(tetradecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC NOJFFNKHLVRADJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CASFJRHEBSEPJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy-di(undecyl)silane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)CCCCCCCCCCC CASFJRHEBSEPJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OANIYCQMEVXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl(dimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C OANIYCQMEVXZCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SXYYAKMROKRIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl-bis(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)C(C)(C)C SXYYAKMROKRIJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTFAFOXCZMZIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ditert-butyl-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)C(C)(C)C YTFAFOXCZMZIMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- FLJLXUZKWPXSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethoxyethoxy)-(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCC(C)C)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC FLJLXUZKWPXSAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUMRXZLAGZFRGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethoxyethoxy)-ethylsilane Chemical compound CCOCCO[Si](CC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC PUMRXZLAGZFRGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OGCFYNGDFKUGDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethoxyethoxy)-octadecylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC OGCFYNGDFKUGDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBZVKHQIEKNONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-ethoxyethoxy)-octylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOCC)(OCCOCC)OCCOCC XBZVKHQIEKNONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ZRWJADIDYKMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound [H]C([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[Si](OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])[H])(OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])[H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])[H] ZRWJADIDYKMRKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DCYGBFGEKORWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-(2-nonylphenyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC DCYGBFGEKORWLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVSIWHOTEQEQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-(3-methylbutyl)silane Chemical compound C(CC(C)C)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC UVSIWHOTEQEQPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLZEXRBKHSQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-(4-methylpentyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCC(C)C)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC COLZEXRBKHSQIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYWGEMGNUVXCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-(6-methylheptyl)silane Chemical compound C(CCCCC(C)C)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC PYWGEMGNUVXCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMWRFTCPUUQHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-nonylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC WMWRFTCPUUQHLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDWQURYXUCLBHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-octadecylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC WDWQURYXUCLBHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPPVYLWWCCCYMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-octylsilane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC LPPVYLWWCCCYMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZYUAUZLPMQRPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-pentylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC OZYUAUZLPMQRPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSZBHSXTJWOAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-propylsilane Chemical compound COCCO[Si](CCC)(OCCOC)OCCOC SSZBHSXTJWOAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVUQPJNWZQJIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-tetradecylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC GVUQPJNWZQJIHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKBDEFQRSSEPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methoxyethoxy)-undecylsilane Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCC)[Si](OCCOC)(OCCOC)OCCOC GKBDEFQRSSEPCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEUFMGZEFYJAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-methylpropyl)silicon Chemical group CC(C)C[Si](CC(C)C)CC(C)C GEUFMGZEFYJAEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBGNFSBDYRZOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethenyl)-ethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C FBGNFSBDYRZOSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYTZMGROHNUACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(ethenyl)-methoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C JYTZMGROHNUACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZEDMQKOIOCTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(2-ethoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)[Si](OCCOCC)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C IZEDMQKOIOCTND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOBRGDVALGJMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(2-methoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)[Si](OCCOC)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C UOBRGDVALGJMBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYEFZDZJOXNQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(ethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C QYEFZDZJOXNQNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEVQSSVQJPNPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritert-butyl(methoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C(C)(C)C)(C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C IEVQSSVQJPNPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011850 water-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010969 white metal Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/08—Anti-corrosive paints
- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、用所述封闭剂组合物封闭的水泥结构和用所述封闭剂组合物封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法。所述封闭剂组合物包括第一硅烷、具有比第一硅烷高的分子量的第二硅烷和缓蚀剂的基本非水性共混物。所述缓蚀剂可用于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水。所述水泥结构包括水泥基底和施用至基底表面上并至少部分渗入基底的封闭剂。所述封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法包括将所述封闭剂施用至钢筋水泥基底的表面上和允许所述封闭剂组合物渗入所述基底以封闭所述基底。
Description
背景
腐蚀是一种自然发生的现象,其常被定义为物质(通常金属)或其性质由于与其环境反应而变质。如同其它自然灾害,如地震或严重天气干扰,腐蚀可对废水系统、管道、桥梁、道路和公共建筑造成危险和昂贵的破坏。
腐蚀为社会带来巨大的问题和成本。在2001年,作为Transportation Equity Actfor the 21st Century的一部分,美国国会授权一项综合研究以提供将腐蚀影响减至最低的成本估算和国家战略。CC Technologies Laboratories,Inc.of Dublin,Ohio在NACEInternational-The Corrosion Society and the United States Federal HighwayAdministration(FHWA)的支持下进行该研究。标题为“Corrosion Cost and PreventiveStrategies In The United States”的这一研究是关于腐蚀的经济影响的综合参考,在当时估算为$2760亿的惊人的年度成本。依据向Office Of Infrastructure Research andDevelopment报告的该研究,由暴露在自然环境下造成的氧化和异质材料之间的反应性引起的腐蚀和金属损耗每年耗费美国经济的许多部门数十亿美元。该研究涵盖大量经济部门,包括运输基础设施、电力工业、运输和存储。现在已经估计,美国的腐蚀年度成本已增长至$4000亿。NACE International在2016年3月1日还公开了标题为“InternationalMeasures of Prevention,Application and Economics of Corrosion TechnologiesStudy”的研究。该NACE研究调查了腐蚀的全球影响、腐蚀管理在工业和政府中的角色,并尝试建立经过资产寿命周期的腐蚀管理的最佳实践。
在研究当时,保守估计腐蚀的间接成本等于直接成本,以得出超过$6000亿或6%GDP的总直接+间接成本。现在估计年度总直接+间接成本超过$8000亿。这一成本被认为是保守估计,因为在该研究中只使用有据可查的成本。除对公共安全造成严重破坏和威胁外,腐蚀干扰操作并且需要失效资产的大修和更换。
The U.S.Federal Highway Administration已将几乎200,000个桥梁,或美国三分之一的桥梁评定为有结构缺陷或功能陈旧。此外,所有桥梁中的多于1/4超过50年——桥梁的平均设计寿命。
美国的道路和桥梁基础设施正在衰败,上千个桥梁被评为不安全和需要更换或大修。在其中许多情况下,腐蚀在破坏安全性中起到重要作用。防腐蚀措施有助于尽可能减少或避免进一步的问题。正采取措施解决美国的老化基础设施。例如,2009年3月提出的Housebill H.R.1682,the“Bridge Life Extension Act 2009”要求国家在寻求联邦基金建造新桥梁或改造现有桥梁时提交预防和减轻由腐蚀造成的破坏的计划。
许多钢筋混凝土结构受困于过早退化。混凝土内嵌的钢筋最初通过在其表面上形成稳定的氧化物膜而防止腐蚀。这种膜或钝化层通过高碱性混凝土孔隙水和钢之间的化学反应形成。氯化物的存在可能破坏由该碱性条件提供的钝态。氯离子局部使金属去钝化并促进活性金属溶解。钢的腐蚀通常可忽略不计,直至氯离子达到引发腐蚀的浓度。阈值浓度依赖于许多因素,包括例如钢微环境、孔隙溶液pH、来自孔隙溶液中的其它离子的干扰、钢筋的电势、氧浓度和粒子迁移率。氯化物充当催化剂,因为其不会在腐蚀反应中被消耗,而是保持活性以再参与腐蚀反应。
氯化物的存在对混凝土本身没有直接负面影响,但促进钢筋的腐蚀。在钢筋上形成的腐蚀产物占据比钢筋大的空间,导致从内部对混凝土施加压力。这种内压随时间积聚并最终导致混凝土开裂和剥落。钢筋的腐蚀也降低钢筋的强度并降低混凝土结构的荷载能力。
对钢筋混凝土结构的破坏主要由氯离子和其它诱发腐蚀的离子经混凝土渗透到钢筋周围区域造成。有许多氯化物来源,包括混凝土拌合料的外加剂,如含氯化物的促凝剂。氯化物也可能存在于该结构的环境中,如海洋条件或除冰盐。这些材料仅在液态水存在下才在混凝土内移动。用作混凝土中的粘结剂的水硬水泥的适当水化需要液态水。一旦实现足够的强度和固化,液态水促成混凝土的大多数劣化机制,如由冻融循环、碱集料反应、硫酸盐侵蚀和钢筋腐蚀造成的那些。如果可以降低混凝土的内部湿度,则会降低这些有害反应的速率。
由于钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀对人类生命带来危险并且在维修上非常昂贵,需要改进的为后代保护基础设施的系统和方法。
详述
提供用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、用所述封闭剂组合物封闭的水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法。所述封闭剂组合物包含第一硅烷、具有比第一硅烷高的分子量的第二硅烷和缓蚀剂的基本非水性共混物,其中所述缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水。所述水泥结构包含水泥基底和施用至基底表面上并至少部分渗入基底的封闭剂。所述封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法包含将所述封闭剂施用至钢筋水泥基底的表面上和允许所述封闭剂组合物渗入所述基底。
术语“基本非水性”是指封闭剂组合物不含与封闭剂组合物的硅烷反应以降低闪点和/或将封闭剂组合物的挥发性有机化合物含量提高到不想要的水平的量的水性组分。“基本非水性”可以是指封闭剂组合物不含任何有意加入的水性组分但可能包括来自原材料的水性组分的实施方案。“基本非水性”可包括含有基于封闭剂组合物的总体积计5%或更少(v/v)、2.5%或更少(v/v)、1%或更少(v/v)、0.75%或更少(v/v)、0.5%或更少(v/v)、0.4%或更少(v/v)、0.3%或更少(v/v)、0.25%或更少(v/v)、0.2%或更少(v/v)、0.1%或更少(v/v)、0.075%或更少(v/v)、0.05%或更少(v/v)、0.025%或更少、或0.01%或更少(v/v)的水性组分的封闭剂组合物,无论该水性组分是有意加入还是来自原材料。
提供一种用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物,其包含下列成分的基本非水性共混物:
第一硅烷;
具有比所述第一硅烷更高的分子量的第二硅烷;和
至少一种缓蚀剂,
其中所述缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水。
在某些示例性实施方案中,该硅烷选自烷基烷氧基硅烷、烯丙基烷氧基硅烷、乙烯基烷氧基硅烷、芳基烷氧基硅烷、烷基芳基烷氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些示例性实施方案中,该硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷、三烷基烷氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些实施方案中,该硅烷可由通式(I)表示
(R1)a-Si-(OR2)b (I)
其中R1可以相同或不同并以含有1至20个碳原子的饱和或不饱和、支链或直链、环状或无环烷基或烯基或含有6至20个碳原子的芳基或烷基芳基为代表,
R2可以相同或不同并以含有1至6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基或含有2至6个碳原子的醚基为代表,且
a和b各自是1至3的整数,条件是a+b=4。当a=2或a=3时R1可以相同或不同,且当b=2或b=3时R2可以相同或不同。
根据某些示例性实施方案,该硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丙基三甲氧基硅烷、异丙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、仲丁基三甲氧基硅烷、叔丁基三甲氧基硅烷、正戊基三甲氧基硅烷、异戊基三甲氧基硅烷、新戊基三甲氧基硅烷、正己基三甲氧基硅烷、异己基三甲氧基硅烷、环己基三甲氧基硅烷、庚基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、壬基三甲氧基硅烷、癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十一烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十四烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十八烷基三甲氧基硅烷、二十烷基三甲氧基硅烷、烯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、苯基三甲氧基硅烷、壬基苯基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丙基三乙氧基硅烷、异丙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、仲丁基三乙氧基硅烷、叔丁基三乙氧基硅烷、正戊基三乙氧基硅烷、异戊基三乙氧基硅烷、新戊基三乙氧基硅烷、正己基三乙氧基硅烷、异己基三乙氧基硅烷、环己基三乙氧基硅烷、庚基三乙氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、壬基三乙氧基硅烷、癸基三乙氧基硅烷、十一烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十四烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十八烷基三乙氧基硅烷、二十烷基三乙氧基硅烷、烯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、苯基三乙氧基硅烷、壬基苯基三乙氧基硅烷、甲基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正丙基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异丙基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正丁基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异丁基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、仲丁基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、叔丁基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正戊基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异戊基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、新戊基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正己基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异己基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、庚基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正辛基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异辛基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、壬基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、癸基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十一烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十二烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十四烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十六烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十八烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二十烷基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、烯丙基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、苯基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、壬基苯基-三-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、甲基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正丙基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异丙基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正丁基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异丁基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、仲丁基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、叔丁基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正戊基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异戊基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、新戊基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正己基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异己基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、庚基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、正辛基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、异辛基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、壬基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、癸基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十一烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十二烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十四烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十六烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、十八烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二十烷基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、烯丙基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、乙烯基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、苯基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、壬基苯基-三-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二正丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二异丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二正丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二异丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二仲丁基二甲氧基硅烷、二叔丁基二甲氧基硅烷、丁基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、丁基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、丁基丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二正戊基二甲氧基硅烷、二异戊基二甲氧基硅烷、二新戊基二甲氧基硅烷、二正己基二甲氧基硅烷、二异己基二甲氧基硅烷、二环己基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、己基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二庚基二甲氧基硅烷、二正辛基二甲氧基硅烷、二异辛基二甲氧基硅烷、二壬基二甲氧基硅烷、二癸基二甲氧基硅烷、二-十一烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二-十二烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二-十四烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二-十六烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二-十八烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二-二十烷基二甲氧基硅烷、二烯丙基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙烯基二甲氧基硅烷、二苯基二甲氧基硅烷、二壬基苯基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷、二正丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二正丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二异丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二仲丁基二乙氧基硅烷、二叔丁基二乙氧基硅烷、丁基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、丁基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、丁基丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二正戊基二乙氧基硅烷、二异戊基二乙氧基硅烷、二新戊基二乙氧基硅烷、二正己基二乙氧基硅烷、二异己基二乙氧基硅烷、二环己基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、己基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、己基乙基二乙氧基硅烷、二庚基二乙氧基硅烷、二正辛基二乙氧基硅烷、二异辛基二乙氧基硅烷、二壬基二乙氧基硅烷、二癸基二乙氧基硅烷、二-十一烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二-十二烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二-十四烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二-十六烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二-十八烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二-二十烷基二乙氧基硅烷、二烯丙基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙烯基二乙氧基硅烷、二苯基二乙氧基硅烷、二壬基苯基二乙氧基硅烷、二甲基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二乙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正丙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异丙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正丁基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异丁基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二仲丁基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二叔丁基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基甲基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基乙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基丙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正戊基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异戊基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二新戊基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正己基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异己基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二环己基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基甲基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基乙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、己基甲基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、己基乙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二庚基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正辛基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异辛基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二壬基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二癸基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十一烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十二烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十四烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十六烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十八烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-二十烷基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二烯丙基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二乙烯基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二苯基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二壬基苯基-双-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二甲基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二乙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正丙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异丙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正丁基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异丁基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二仲丁基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二叔丁基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基甲基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基乙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、丁基丙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正戊基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异戊基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二新戊基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正己基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异己基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二环己基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基甲基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、环己基乙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、己基甲基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、己基乙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二庚基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二正辛基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二异辛基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二壬基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二癸基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十一烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十二烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十四烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十六烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-十八烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二-二十烷基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二烯丙基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二乙烯基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二苯基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、二壬基苯基-双-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三甲基甲氧基硅烷、三乙基甲氧基硅烷、三正丙基甲氧基硅烷、三异丙基甲氧基硅烷、三正丁基甲氧基硅烷、三异丁基甲氧基硅烷、三仲丁基甲氧基硅烷、三叔丁基甲氧基硅烷、三正戊基甲氧基硅烷、三异戊基甲氧基硅烷、三新戊基甲氧基硅烷、三正己基甲氧基硅烷、三异己基甲氧基硅烷、三环己基甲氧基硅烷、三庚基甲氧基硅烷、三正辛基甲氧基硅烷、三异辛基甲氧基硅烷、三壬基甲氧基硅烷、三癸基甲氧基硅烷、三-十一烷基甲氧基硅烷、三-十二烷基甲氧基硅烷、三-十四烷基甲氧基硅烷、三-十六烷基甲氧基硅烷、三-十八烷基甲氧基硅烷、三-二十烷基甲氧基硅烷、三烯丙基甲氧基硅烷、三乙烯基甲氧基硅烷、三苯基甲氧基硅烷、三壬基苯基甲氧基硅烷、三甲基乙氧基硅烷、三乙基乙氧基硅烷、三正丙基乙氧基硅烷、三异丙基乙氧基硅烷、三正丁基乙氧基硅烷、三异丁基乙氧基硅烷、三仲丁基乙氧基硅烷、三叔丁基乙氧基硅烷、三正戊基乙氧基硅烷、三异戊基乙氧基硅烷、三新戊基乙氧基硅烷、三正己基乙氧基硅烷、三异己基乙氧基硅烷、三环己基乙氧基硅烷、三庚基乙氧基硅烷、三正辛基乙氧基硅烷、三异辛基乙氧基硅烷、三壬基乙氧基硅烷、三癸基乙氧基硅烷、三-十一烷基乙氧基硅烷、三-十二烷基乙氧基硅烷、三-十四烷基乙氧基硅烷、三-十六烷基乙氧基硅烷、三-十八烷基乙氧基硅烷、三-二十烷基乙氧基硅烷、三烯丙基乙氧基硅烷、三乙烯基乙氧基硅烷、三苯基乙氧基硅烷、三壬基苯基乙氧基硅烷、三甲基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正丙基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异丙基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正丁基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异丁基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三仲丁基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三叔丁基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正戊基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异戊基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三新戊基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正己基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异己基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三环己基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三庚基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正辛基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异辛基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三壬基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三癸基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十一烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十二烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十四烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十六烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十八烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-二十烷基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三烯丙基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙烯基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三苯基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三壬基苯基-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三甲基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正丙基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异丙基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正丁基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异丁基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三仲丁基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三叔丁基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正戊基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异戊基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三新戊基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正己基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异己基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三环己基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三庚基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三正辛基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三异辛基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三壬基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三癸基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十一烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十二烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十四烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十六烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-十八烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三-二十烷基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三烯丙基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三乙烯基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷、三苯基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷和三壬基苯基-(2-乙氧基乙氧基)硅烷。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第一硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷、三烷基烷氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第一硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第一硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含甲基三乙氧基硅烷。在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第二硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷、三烷基烷氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第二硅烷选自正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在某些示例性实施方案中,第二硅烷选自正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在某些实施方案中,第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷,且第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
第一和第二硅烷的分子量可基于该分子的组成原子的原子量之和计算。
在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol。
在一些实施方案中,第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在一些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约150g/mol至约250g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约400g/mol。
在一些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约170g/mol至约240g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约300g/mol。
在某些实施方案中,该封闭剂组合物可包含催化剂以促进硅烷反应。在一些实施方案中,该催化剂选自路易斯酸和路易斯碱。
在一些实施方案中,该催化剂选自有机钛酸酯。在一些实施方案中,该催化剂选自钛酸四异丙酯、钛酸四正丁酯、钛酸四(2-乙基己基)酯及其混合物。
可以通过锡化合物,如二月桂酸二丁基锡、双(乙酰丙酮)二丁基锡、二月桂酸二正辛基锡和二(乙酰丙酮)二正辛基锡催化硅烷反应。
渗透封闭剂组合物包括至少一种缓蚀剂。例如而非限制,该缓蚀剂可选自烷基乙酰胺、烷基羧酸和盐、烷氧基羧酸和盐、烷氧基化物、含磷化合物、三嗪及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,该含磷化合物可包含烷基膦酸和磷酸酯的至少一种。在一些实施方案中,该磷酸酯包含聚醚磷酸酯、烷基磷酸酯和胺封闭的烷基磷酸酯的至少一种。
在某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二乙基乙酰胺、癸二酸二钠、异壬基苯氧基乙酸、乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物、辛烷膦酸、单正辛基磷酸酯、胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯、磷酸三异丁酯、聚醚磷酸酯、1,3,5-三[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]六氢-1,3,5-三嗪及其混合物。
在某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物和胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯的共混物。在一些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含二甲基乙酰胺和磷酸三异丁酯的共混物。
该封闭剂组合物是基本非水性的,包含第一硅烷、具有比第一硅烷高的分子量的第二硅烷和缓蚀剂的共混物,其中该缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水。在一些实施方案中,该封闭剂组合物可包含溶剂以促进可溶性,并且该封闭剂组合物可包含溶剂稀释的硅烷或纯硅烷。在某些实施方案中,该溶剂选自脂族烃、芳烃、酮、醇及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,该溶剂选自丙酮、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇及其混合物。
在某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂可能在提供的硅烷中、在溶剂稀释的硅烷中具有可溶性,也可能具有至少部分水溶性,并可能在传统水硬水泥基混凝土的孔隙结构内存在的环境中稳定而不造成硅烷反应或生成影响闪点的挥发性组分和挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)。根据某些实施方案,该封闭剂组合物的闪点为60℃和更高。不受制于理论,但该缓蚀剂的可溶性允许其在施用过程中随硅烷材料渗入混凝土的表面,并且重复处理可将该抑制剂带入混凝土的更深处,当不存在液态水使其扩散或洗掉时,其可留在此处。在该硅烷处理的混凝土由于如开裂、烷氧基硅烷的反应产物的挥发性或由混凝土中的水硬水泥的持续水化形成新鲜亲水点之类的原因而变得可透过液态水时,液态水可能溶解该缓蚀剂并使其在混凝土内自由移动。缓蚀剂在液态水中的活动性可在钢筋和混凝土的界面处提供额外的腐蚀防护。
包含硅烷和缓蚀剂的封闭剂组合物后续再施用至开裂的混凝土上可以在裂纹尖端提供缓蚀剂以抑制腐蚀反应。
物质的可溶性可通过可混溶在溶解介质中或可溶解在溶解介质中的物质量规定。如果约3克或更多可溶解在约100毫升溶解介质中,物质可被视为可溶。如果约0.01克至约3克可溶解在约100毫升溶解介质中,物质可被视为部分可溶。如果少于约0.01克可溶解在约100毫升溶解介质中,物质可被视为不可溶。
或者,如果约3克或更多可溶解在约100克溶解介质中,物质可被视为可溶。如果约0.01克至约3克可溶解在约100克溶解介质中,物质可被视为部分可溶。如果少于约0.01克可溶解在约100克溶解介质中,物质可被视为不可溶。
提供一种水泥结构,其包含:水泥基底;和渗透封闭剂,其包含下列成分的基本非水性共混物:
第一硅烷;
具有比所述第一硅烷更高的分子量的第二硅烷;和
至少一种缓蚀剂,其中所述缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水,
所述封闭剂施用至所述水泥基底的表面上并至少部分渗入所述基底。
在某些实施方案中,所提供的水泥结构的水泥基底选自混凝土、砌体和砂浆基底。在一些实施方案中,该水泥基底选自混凝土和砌体基底。在某些实施方案中,该水泥基底包含混凝土基底。
根据某些实施方案,该水泥基底可选自混凝土、砌体、砂浆等,并可包含胶凝材料,如水硬水泥或砂浆等。或者,该水泥基底可包含可充分压缩以吸收腐蚀产物的基质。
术语“水硬水泥”以其普通含义使用以表示与水混合施用并且此后由于消耗存在的水的物理或化学变化而硬化或凝固的结构材料类别。除波特兰水泥外,水硬水泥尤其包括:
1.快硬水泥,如具有高氧化铝含量的那些。
2.低热水泥,其特征在于高百分比的硅酸二钙和铝铁酸四钙,和低百分比的硅酸三钙和铝酸三钙。
3.耐硫酸盐水泥,其特征在于异常高百分比的硅酸三钙和硅酸二钙,和异常低百分比的铝酸三钙和铝铁酸四钙。
4.包含波特兰水泥熟料和粒化炉渣的混合物的波特兰高炉水泥。
5.砌筑水泥,如波特兰水泥和下列一种或多种的混合物:熟石灰、粒化炉渣、粉化石灰石、胶质粘土、硅藻土或其它细碎形式的二氧化硅、硬脂酸钙和石蜡。
6.天然水泥,以获自Lehigh Valley,U.S.A.的矿床的材料为特征。
7.石灰水泥,其包含纯或不纯形式的钙氧化物,无论是否含有一些粘土质材料。
8.透明石膏质水泥,其特征在于将5-10%的熟石膏添加到石灰中。
9.火山灰水泥,其包含火山灰、波特兰水泥、氢氧化钙、水、火山土、硅藻土、浮石、石灰华、桑托林土或粒化炉渣与石灰砂浆的混合物。
10.硫酸钙水泥,其特征在于依赖于硫酸钙的水化,并包括熟石膏、基恩水泥和仿云石水泥。
水硬水泥的合适的非限制性实例包括波特兰水泥、砌筑水泥、高铝水泥、耐火水泥、镁氧水泥,如磷酸镁水泥、磷酸镁钾水泥、铝酸钙水泥、硫铝酸钙水泥、油井水泥、掺合矿渣、飞灰或火山灰水泥、天然水泥、水硬性熟石灰及其混合物。波特兰水泥,如贸易中所用,是指通过与一种或多种形式的硫酸钙作为研磨添加剂一起粉碎由水硬性硅酸钙、铝酸钙和铁铝酸钙构成的熟料制成的水硬水泥。波特兰水泥根据ASTM C150分类为I、II、III、IV或V型。
在某些实施方案中,该水泥基底可包含包括细集料的砂浆。细集料是几乎完全通过4号筛(ASTM C125和ASTM C33)的材料,如石英砂。
在一些实施方案中,该水泥基底可包含包括粗集料的混凝土。粗集料是大多保留在4号筛(ASTM C125和ASTM C33)上的材料,如二氧化硅、石英、碎大理石、玻璃球、花岗岩、石灰石、方解石、长石、冲积砂、砂或任何其它耐用集料及其混合物。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol。在所提供的水泥结构的一些实施方案中,第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约150g/mol至约250g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约400g/mol。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约170g/mol至约240g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约300g/mol。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含甲基三乙氧基硅烷。在一些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第二硅烷选自正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在一些实施方案中,第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷,且第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂可选自烷基乙酰胺、烷基羧酸和盐、烷氧基羧酸和盐、烷氧基化物、含磷化合物、三嗪及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,该含磷化合物可包含烷基膦酸和磷酸酯的至少一种。在一些实施方案中,该磷酸酯包含聚醚磷酸酯、烷基磷酸酯和胺封闭的烷基磷酸酯的至少一种。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二乙基乙酰胺、癸二酸二钠、异壬基苯氧基乙酸、乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物、辛烷膦酸、单正辛基磷酸酯、胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯、磷酸三异丁酯、聚醚磷酸酯、1,3,5-三[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]六氢-1,3,5-三嗪及其混合物。
在所提供的水泥结构的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物和胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯的共混物。在所提供的水泥结构的一些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含二甲基乙酰胺和磷酸三异丁酯的共混物。
提供一种封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法,其包括:将渗透封闭剂施用至钢筋水泥基底的表面上和允许所述封闭剂组合物渗入所述基底,所述渗透封闭剂包含下列成分的基本非水性共混物:
第一硅烷;
具有比所述第一硅烷更高的分子量的第二硅烷;和
至少一种缓蚀剂,其中所述缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水。
在某些实施方案中,所提供的方法的水泥结构的水泥基底选自混凝土、砌体和砂浆基底。在一些实施方案中,该水泥基底选自混凝土和砌体基底。在某些实施方案中,该水泥基底包含混凝土基底。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol。在所提供的方法的一些实施方案中,第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约100g/mol至约270g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约575g/mol。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约150g/mol至约250g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约400g/mol。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷的分子量为约170g/mol至约240g/mol,且第二硅烷的分子量为约270g/mol至约300g/mol。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含甲基三乙氧基硅烷。在一些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第二硅烷选自正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。在一些实施方案中,第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含甲基三乙氧基硅烷,且第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷,且第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂可选自烷基乙酰胺、烷基羧酸和盐、烷氧基羧酸和盐、烷氧基化物、含磷化合物、三嗪及其混合物。在一些实施方案中,该含磷化合物可包含烷基膦酸和磷酸酯的至少一种。在一些实施方案中,该磷酸酯包含聚醚磷酸酯、烷基磷酸酯和胺封闭的烷基磷酸酯的至少一种。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二乙基乙酰胺、癸二酸二钠、异壬基苯氧基乙酸、乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物、辛烷膦酸、单正辛基磷酸酯、胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯、磷酸三异丁酯、聚醚磷酸酯、1,3,5-三[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]六氢-1,3,5-三嗪及其混合物。
在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的某些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物和胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯的共混物。在所提供的封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法的一些实施方案中,该缓蚀剂包含二甲基乙酰胺和磷酸三异丁酯的共混物。
在所提供的用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法的某些实施方案中,该封闭剂组合物包含三种或更多种具有不同分子量的硅烷的基本非水性共混物。在某些实施方案中,该硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、二甲基二甲氧基硅烷、二乙基二甲氧基硅烷、二甲基二乙氧基硅烷、二乙基二乙氧基硅烷、正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二甲氧基硅烷、环己基甲基二乙氧基硅烷、环己基乙基二乙氧基硅烷及其共混物。
在所提供的用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法的一些实施方案中,该封闭剂组合物包含选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷、正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷及其共混物的三种或更多种具有不同分子量的硅烷的基本非水性共混物。
在所提供的用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法的某些实施方案中,该封闭剂组合物包含甲基三乙氧基硅烷、异丁基三乙氧基硅烷和正辛基三乙氧基硅烷的基本非水性共混物。
所提供的用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法提供与乳液或其它水基体系相比改进的施用和再施用性能,因为在再施用时疏水性排斥任何水基材料。一旦孔隙不再被之前施用的封闭剂填充,所提供的封闭剂组合物渗入之前疏水化的混凝土中,从而通过多次重复的施用和再施用改进性能。
实施例
下列实施例仅例示渗透封闭剂组合物、用该渗透封闭剂组合物封闭的水泥组合物和用该渗透封闭剂组合物封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法。示例性的实施例无论如何不限制并且不应被解释为限制涉及渗透封闭剂组合物、用该渗透封闭剂组合物封闭的水泥组合物和/或用该渗透封闭剂组合物封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法的权利要求的范围。
阳极极化测试证实所提供的封闭剂组合物与无封闭剂的空白对照样品相比改进的腐蚀性能。
如下制备试样:切割一段5英寸长的#4钢筋、将该钢筋顶部预钻孔以允许攻入机械螺丝(8/32x 1/4英寸)、将钢筋去毛刺以除去锐边、用丙酮冲洗螺纹孔以除去来自攻丝操作的碎屑和油、将8/32x 1/4英寸机械螺丝插入该螺纹区以防止磨料喷砂污染该孔、喷砂处理钢筋直至除去外表面并均匀明亮(SSPC-SP 5/NACE No.1,White Metal Blast Cleaning)、使用压缩空气除去任何残留砂粒、用丙酮冲洗并使其干燥(包括螺纹孔)、将试样置于干净纸巾上以将其干燥、移除机械螺丝并验证螺纹孔干净、无油并对定位螺钉而言足够深、将钢筋浸没在50℃的NaOH溶液(40克/升溶液,1Normal=1Molar)中24小时、使用间隔物使溶液与钢件的接触最大化以确保均匀钝化、用蒸馏水冲洗、此后立即用丙酮冲洗至干燥、将8/32x 14英寸机械螺丝和实心电线(14Gauge)连接到钢筋上(在操作钢筋时使用手套以防止指纹和汗)、浸渍或用刷子施用低粘度环氧树脂以覆盖螺纹端的仅3英寸钢筋并在该低粘度环氧树脂变粘后,将环氧树脂施用至钢筋的顶部3英寸上,包括机械螺丝和所有暴露的线,留下底部2英寸暴露的钢,用环氧树脂再涂布三次直至末端无针孔。
根据ASTM C109使用下列混合设计浇铸试样:740克水泥(TI/II)、2035克ASTMC109砂和359克H2O在ASTM C305混合机中使用ASTM C109程序混合,将该砂浆浇铸在2x4英寸圆筒中并将钢筋置于该模具中心,距圆筒底面留下1英寸间隙,校准钢筋并填满砂浆,在振动台上振动试样直至没有析出空气,在1加仑桶中用湿毛巾覆盖浇铸的圆柱体以防止蒸发,保持覆盖24小时,置于潮湿环境中,并在24小时后,脱出试样并将其置于石灰饱和水中24小时,从石灰饱和水中取出试样、用自来水冲洗并在所有面上自由空气循环的情况下置于50%相对湿度中8至10天以干燥试样。
用所公开的封闭剂组合物处理试样并与未处理的对照试样一起施以阳极极化测试,以监测电流的增加。各种实施例在阳极极化测试中以小时计的耐腐蚀性列在表1中。和材料可获自BASFCorporation,Florham Park,New Jersey。
表1:在阳极极化测试中的耐腐蚀性的小时数
尽管已联系各种示例性实施方案描述了封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法,要理解的是,本文所述的实施方案仅是示例性的,并且本领域技术人员可作出变动和修改而不背离实施方案的精神和范围。所有这样的变动和修改意在包含在如上所述的实施方案的范围内。此外,公开的所有实施方案不一定是互相选择替代的,因为可以组合各种实施方案以提供所需结果。因此,封闭剂组合物、水泥结构和封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法不应限于任一单个实施方案,而是在宽度和范围上根据所附权利要求书的叙述解释。
Claims (24)
1.一种用于水泥基底的封闭剂组合物,其包含下列成分的基本非水性共混物:
第一硅烷;
具有比所述第一硅烷更高的分子量的第二硅烷;和
至少一种缓蚀剂,
其中所述缓蚀剂可溶于硅烷、可溶于溶剂稀释的硅烷并至少部分可溶于水,其中所述第一硅烷的分子量为104g/mol至270g/mol,且其中所述第二硅烷的分子量为270g/mol至576g/mol,其中所述缓蚀剂选自烷基乙酰胺、烷氧基羧酸及其盐、烷氧基化物、含磷化合物、三嗪及其混合物,其中所述第一硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷和三烷基烷氧基硅烷,其中所述第二硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷、二烷基二烷氧基硅烷和三烷基烷氧基硅烷。
2.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷的分子量为150g/mol至250g/mol,且其中所述第二硅烷的分子量为270g/mol至400g/mol。
3.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷的分子量为170g/mol至240g/mol,且其中所述第二硅烷的分子量为270g/mol至300g/mol。
4.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷。
5.根据权利要求4的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷选自甲基三甲氧基硅烷、乙基三甲氧基硅烷、正丁基三甲氧基硅烷、异丁基三甲氧基硅烷、甲基三乙氧基硅烷、乙基三乙氧基硅烷、正丁基三乙氧基硅烷和异丁基三乙氧基硅烷。
6.根据权利要求5的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷选自甲基三乙氧基硅烷和异丁基三乙氧基硅烷。
7.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第二硅烷选自烷基三烷氧基硅烷。
8.根据权利要求7的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第二硅烷选自正辛基三甲氧基硅烷、异辛基三甲氧基硅烷、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷、十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷、正辛基三乙氧基硅烷、异辛基三乙氧基硅烷、十二烷基三乙氧基硅烷和十六烷基三乙氧基硅烷。
9.根据权利要求8的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
10.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述第一硅烷包含异丁基三乙氧基硅烷,且其中所述第二硅烷包含正辛基三乙氧基硅烷。
11.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土、砌体和砂浆。
12.根据权利要求11的封闭剂组合物,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土。
13.根据权利要求1的封闭剂组合物,其中所述缓蚀剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、二乙基乙酰胺、异壬基苯氧基乙酸、乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物、辛烷膦酸、单正辛基磷酸酯、胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯、磷酸三异丁酯、聚醚磷酸酯、1,3,5-三[3-(二甲基氨基)丙基]六氢-1,3,5-三嗪及其混合物。
14.根据权利要求13的封闭剂组合物,其中所述缓蚀剂包含乙炔基甲醇烷氧基化物和胺封闭的C6-C10烷基磷酸单酯的共混物。
15.根据权利要求13的封闭剂组合物,其中所述缓蚀剂包含二甲基乙酰胺和磷酸三异丁酯的共混物。
16.根据权利要求13的封闭剂组合物,其中所述缓蚀剂包含二甲基乙酰胺和磷酸三异丁酯的共混物。
17.一种水泥结构,其包含:
水泥基底;和
根据权利要求1-16中任一项的封闭剂组合物,
所述封闭剂施用至所述水泥基底的表面上并至少部分渗入所述基底。
18.根据权利要求17的水泥结构,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土、砌体和砂浆基底。
19.根据权利要求18的水泥结构,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土和砌体基底。
20.根据权利要求19的水泥结构,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土基底。
21.一种封闭钢筋水泥结构以防致腐蚀剂侵入的方法,其包括:
向待封闭的所述结构的表面上施用根据权利要求1-16中任一项的封闭剂组合物和允许所述封闭剂组合物渗入所述基底。
22.根据权利要求21的封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土、砌体和砂浆基底。
23.根据权利要求22的封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土和砌体基底。
24.根据权利要求23的封闭钢筋水泥结构的方法,其中所述水泥基底选自混凝土基底。
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JP6968087B2 (ja) | 2021-11-17 |
RU2744612C2 (ru) | 2021-03-11 |
RU2018135838A (ru) | 2020-04-16 |
RU2018135838A3 (zh) | 2020-07-17 |
CN109071366A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
MX2024001188A (es) | 2024-02-27 |
US20190092948A1 (en) | 2019-03-28 |
EP3429980A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
MX2018011218A (es) | 2018-11-22 |
CA3015272A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
BR112018068488A2 (pt) | 2019-01-22 |
US11001716B2 (en) | 2021-05-11 |
JP2019513115A (ja) | 2019-05-23 |
SA518400012B1 (ar) | 2022-02-15 |
AU2017233909A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US20210214564A1 (en) | 2021-07-15 |
WO2017157836A1 (en) | 2017-09-21 |
AU2017233909B2 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
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