CN1090613A - 具有防虫层和阻隔层的织物 - Google Patents

具有防虫层和阻隔层的织物 Download PDF

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CN1090613A
CN1090613A CN93109570A CN93109570A CN1090613A CN 1090613 A CN1090613 A CN 1090613A CN 93109570 A CN93109570 A CN 93109570A CN 93109570 A CN93109570 A CN 93109570A CN 1090613 A CN1090613 A CN 1090613A
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fabric
barrier layer
permanone
coating
tent
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CN1072295C (zh
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理查德D·萨姆森
詹姆斯M·麦克金尼
约翰·拉塞尔
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Graniteville Co
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Abstract

一种防虫的织物，该织物具有一含有二氯苯醚菊 酯和增塑剂的涂层及一覆盖于涂层上的阻隔层，以保 护二氯苯醚菊酯免于紫外线光或氧气的降解。阻隔 层可以是聚丙烯涂层或薄膜、铝箔、氨基甲酸乙酯涂 层或薄膜，也可为如遮篷或帐篷顶帐那样的外层织物 阻隔层。

Description

本发明涉及一种有涂覆层的织物，该织物被处理使其具有阻燃性、防水性和防虫性。根据本发明，防虫作用的持续期随着使用了一层或多层阻隔层而增加，且阻隔层保护被处理的织物免于紫外线的照射。
在较早的美国专利申请S.N.678，061中描述有：将二氯苯醚菊酯（permethrin）加入帐篷织物内表面的具有阻燃剂和防水剂的涂层中，该帐篷的防虫期可长达6个月。涂层中的增塑剂可使二氯苯醚菊酯以控制释放量的方式迁移到有涂覆层织物的表面。
由于二氯苯醚菊酯在有氧气和紫外线条件下易于分解成稳定的非杀虫性的产物，所以，重要的是二氯苯醚菊酯应以最低程度迁移到帐篷或其它织物的外表面。在美国专利申请号No.678，061中已考虑到，织物基体（其自身），具有阻隔层般的功能，它可阻隔涂层中的二氯苯醚菊酯从织物的内表面迁移到织物的外表面，此时织物的外表面处于氧气和紫外线的环境中。
正如在较早的美国专利申请S.N.678，061中所阐明的那样，二氯苯醚菊酯是一种合成的除虫菊酯（Pyrethroid），其防虫性表现在降低昆虫的活动性和杀死昆虫。除虫菊酯可以是自然存在的化合物也可以是由其类似物制备的合成物，它们可有效地控制各种害虫，诸如，家蝇、蚊子、蟑螂等。
天然的或合成的除虫菊酯对植物、食物、动物和人类无害，其使用后不存在有害的残留物。二氯苯醚菊酯具有环境安全性，并且已发现其可与用于帐篷织物含有防水剂和阻燃剂化合物的涂料组合物相容，并且对有涂覆层织物的所希望的性能无反作用。
尽管二氯苯醚菊酯具有这些良好的性能，但由于其具有比较短的杀虫期，所以二氯苯醚菊酯被限制在仅能作为一般性的使用。原因在于二氯苯醚菊酯在氯气和紫外线存在的条件下可分解成稳定的、非杀虫性的产物。二氯苯醚菊酯的分解速度取决于其所处的环境，其典型分解时间为几个小时至几天或几个星期。二氯苯醚菊酯的这种不稳定性严重地限制了其作为杀虫剂的作用。
已有技术试图使除虫菊酯稳定化，并防止其降解，其采用的方法包括：包封、添加抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂化合物到除虫菊酯中。由于除虫菊酯的降解速度在包封物内与未包封时的速度一样快，因此采用包封方法无效。在将抗氧剂和紫外线吸收剂化合物添加到除虫菊酯溶液中的作法在降低降解方面取得了适当的成功。然而，这种适当的成功很大程度上被织物上难以清除的不美观的残留物的存在所抵捎。
已建议采用各种各样的技术手段提供除虫菊酯作为昆虫控制剂以连续释放。例如，Barber的美国专利No.4，056，610披露了一种微胶囊杀虫剂组合物，其是采用将除虫菊酯渗入到一多孔的壳壁上，在壳壁的外表面保持除虫菊酯有效的含量，可控制昆虫达四天时间（在本领域技术范围内可考虑延长该控制时间）。通过杀死与胶囊壁处释放的除虫菊酯接触的昆虫而达到控制昆虫的目的。
Ronning的美国专利No.4，765，982披露了一种昆虫控制装置，该装置包括一具有复杂的粗糙的表面的纤维素纤维，一液体的杀虫剂化合物微胶囊粘附于纤维的表面，该胶囊的壳壁渗有液体杀虫剂。Barber的美国专利No.4，956，610披露的微胶囊昆虫控制剂与用于Ronning的发明中的所选用的杀虫剂的名称相同。
Ronning的浸有杀虫剂的粗表面的纤维素纤维可制成薄条状、带状、片状、垫片状以及各种适用于特殊场合的其它的扁条状，诸如，沿着建筑物或门的底部置放的类似于磁带的带状物。
Ronning指出表面光滑的纤维并不能很好地适合于粘附微胶囊的昆虫控制剂。Ronning的用杀虫剂处理过的表面粗糙的纤维素纤维并不适合于帐篷织物。表面粗糙的纤维的结构并不理想，而且即不防水也不阻燃。
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种具有延长防虫性能的织物，该织物用二氯苯醚菊酯和增塑剂处理，通过使用阻隔层可控制被增塑剂润滑的二氯苯醚菊酯迁移到织物的外表面的量。例如，理想的阻隔层为聚合物的涂覆层、薄膜、箔、以及为防止增塑剂迁移而表面经处理的织物。
除帐篷以外，根据本发明，对经处理的织物的最后的使用，包括未经阻燃剂或防水剂处理的织物的使用，诸如：可用于踝节部的包裹和制作外衣。阻隔层材料、如铝箔，可用在织物的内表面，以防止皮肤与二氯苯醚菊酯接触。
下面通过较佳的实施例及附图对本发明的特征作进一步说明。
附图简要说明：
图1为帐篷的立体图，该帐篷经防虫剂处理并具有阻隔层。
图2为沿图1  2-2方向局部剖视图。
图3为帐篷的立体图，该帐篷具有破裂开的部分，该帐篷已用防虫剂处理并具有改进形式的阻隔层。
图4为沿图3中4-4线的局部剖视图。
图5为织物碎片的立体图，该织物已经防虫剂处理。
图6为沿图5中6-6线的局部剖视图。
本发明织物的一表面的涂覆层中有二氯苯醚菊酯和一适当的增塑剂，如二辛酯或锆蜡（zirconiumwax），并且帐篷织物也具有适当的化合物涂覆层以使织物防水和阻燃。二氯苯醚菊酯用于帐篷织物内表面的涂覆层中或织物基体上，正如已在美国专利申请No.698，061中所描述的那样。该申请中所披露的内容作为本发明的参考。
用于帐篷织物的防虫涂层
适用于本发明的有涂覆层的帐篷织物例子是一种内表面用下述防虫涂料进用处理的帐篷织物：
组成  百分比  作用
Emkay  B.C.  0.45  消泡剂
聚氯乙烯  18.37  粘合剂
(Geon  576)
二辛酯  5.99  增塑剂
磷酸酯钠盐  0.25  表面活性剂
三氧化锑  13.83  阻燃剂
陶土(水合硅酸铝)  19.20  阻燃剂
甲基三聚氰
胺甲醛树脂  1.72  交联剂
甲基纤维素  0.27  增稠剂
溴氯化的碳氢化物  27.66  阻燃剂
锆蜡络合物  1.51  防水剂
颜料  1.79  上色剂
丙烯共聚物
(Acrysol  ASE-60)  0.98  增稠剂
Metasol  TK-100
粉末  0.15  防霉剂
二氯苯醚菊酯  7.83  杀虫剂
100.00%
二氯苯醚菊酯是一种稳定性材料，然而与增塑剂在一起使用可产生活性。锆蜡络合物除了在一般的涂料中作为防水剂而用于帐篷织物以外，锆蜡络合物也作为增塑剂及作为保护剂防止二氯苯醚菊酯氧化降解。蜡在二氯苯醚菊酯周围产生一个壳体以保护二氯苯醚菊酯免于其到达涂层表面后产生降解。蜡和增塑剂也润滑二氯苯醚菊酯在保持足够量的前提下迁移至涂层的表面产生有效的防虫效果，以使防虫时间远长于现有技术的防虫期限。
增加阻隔层的优点
经研究发现，随着在经二氯苯醚菊酯处理的织物的外表面上使用一层或多层阻隔层，织物的防虫效果随之大大增加，这是由于该阻隔层的使用对经处理的织物产生附加的保护以防止或最大限度地减少二氯苯醚菊酯暴露于氧气和紫外线环境中而产生降解。
合适的阻隔层可由聚合物涂层、薄膜、箔或表面被处理防止增塑剂迁移的织物形成的。
如图1和图2所示是在织物内表面上经如前所述的防虫涂层11处理的帐篷织物10，并且在织物10的外表面上具有防水和阻燃涂层12。聚丙烯涂层13位于织物10外层上的涂层12的上面。
如图3和图4所示是经如图1和图2中所示和所描述的用相同涂层11和涂层12处理的帐篷织物10，但是，塑料薄膜阻隔层13被从涂层12的外侧取消。取而代之的是传统帐篷的帐顶14，该帐顶14置于帐篷10的上方以保护织物中二氯苯醚菊酯免受紫外线照射而产生降解。在热气候条件下，帐顶14可选用聚丙烯涂层或铝箔层作为阻隔层，这是由于帐篷10和帐顶14之间的空间提供了一隔离层的原因。
图5和图6所示是二氯苯醚菊酯涂层用于织物的另一个用途，诸如：踝关节的包裹和外衣。其中，二氯苯醚菊酯涂层含有单一的二氯苯醚菊酯防虫剂和用于聚合物粘合剂中的使二氯苯醚菊酯产生迁移性的增塑剂。
如图5和图6所示，织物可以是合适等级的棉花、合成物和棉花的混合物、合成物与羊毛的混合物或羊毛织物，均概括地称为织物20。二氯苯醚菊酯涂层21作为织物20的一个表面。铝箔阻隔层23置于织物20上面用于保护穿着者的皮肤免于与二氯苯醚菊酯涂层产生密切接触。
试验
作为经二氯苯醚菊酯处理的帐篷织物的外表面的各种涂层和/或薄膜，诸如，聚丙烯、氨基甲酸乙酯和铝箔，来评价它们作为阻隔层用于防止二氯苯醚菊酯暴露于紫外线和氧气条件下所产生的降解作用。
培养氏培养皿（Petri-dish）试验
阻隔层的效果经Petri-dish试验得到评定。Petri-dish试验使用易处理的尺寸为60×15mm的塑料Petri-dish平皿，并倒置在6.5×7.5mm指示盘上，以形成一个置纳蚊虫的空间。这种装有捕获到的蚊子的蚊虫置纳容器放置在由二氯苯醚菊酯涂层和阻隔层加工制成的帐篷织物样品中的一个样品上。
试验方法
在Petri-dish试验方法中使用的样品标明如下：
第Ⅰ组试验
分别用不同阻隔层加工制成的五种帐篷织物的小块布样分别描述如下：
试样1是用聚丙烯涂覆阻隔层（Rohm  &  Haas  AC33）处理的样品;
试样2是具有铝箔阻隔层的样品;
试样3是没有阻隔涂层或没加衬层的样品;
试样4是用氨基甲酸乙酯/TiO2（Durance 11045-28w Raffi & Swanson）处理的样品;
所有前述的试样1-4，均被老化500小时（用老化测试仪，在无过滤器的条件下进行老化）。
试样5是一个对照物，该对照物无阻隔涂层或薄膜层以及未被老化。
所有这些样品均暴露在老化测试仪中，经二氯苯酯菊酯处理的织物一面远离老化环境。
第Ⅱ组试验
五种帐篷试样10-14被试验。
试样10～12含有二氯苯醚菊酯，经100个小时老化。
试样10有flourex/聚乙烯加衬层的样品;
试样11有铝箔加衬层的样品;
试样12为含有二氯苯醚菊酯经100个小时老化的样品。
试样13含有二氯苯醚菊酯，但是未进行老化的样品。
试样14不含有二氯苯醚菊酯，并未进行老化的样品。
测试后的结果列于下表：
Figure 931095700_IMG2
经二氯苯醚菊酯处理的帐篷织物或有聚丙烯或铝箔层的二氯苯醚菊酯处理的帐篷织物使蚊虫丧失活力的百分数（knockdown）的平均值[该蚊虫为雌性埃及蚊虫（Aedes  aegypti）]：
第Ⅰ组试验的数据表明：该试验暴露时间为15和30分钟，在处理织物的表面上的二氯苯醚菊酯的有效性不足以引起使蚊子丧失活力的百分数迅速增加（在1小时内）。
第Ⅱ组试验数据表明：在60分钟以后，该试验的暴露时间较长（120分钟），蚊虫丧失活力的百分数增加。假如在60至120分钟这一段时间间隔内，可观察到一个有效的结果的话，那么在第ⅡB组试验数据中，在120分钟时蚊虫丧失活力的百分数的计算值可增加至一确定值。
基于这些试验结果，可以假定在120分钟以后一些附加的蚊虫丧失活力的百分数可在第Ⅰ组和第Ⅱ组数据中出现。
显然，具有阻隔层的经老化了试样可阻止二氯苯醚菊酯迁移到织物的外表面，取得了明显的效果。
尽管本发明提出的是优选的实施例，但本领域技术人员可依此作一些改进所取得的结果均不脱离本发明的范围。

Claims (9)

1、一种有涂层的帐篷织物，其具有一织物基体，该基体带有一暴露于大气的降解环境中的有涂覆层的外表面，和一通常被织物基体隔离以防止被大气所降解的有涂覆层的内表面，所述的织物基体的内、外表面涂层均含有聚合物粘合剂、阻燃剂化合物及防水剂化合物，织物基体的内表面的涂层含有二氯苯醚菊酯作为防虫剂，其特征在于：位于织物基体的外表面涂覆层上有一阻隔层，该阻隔层保护织物基体不受紫外线和氧气的降解，并且添加物及织物基体保护二氯苯醚菊酯免于降解。
2、如权利要求1所述的有涂层的帐篷织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为聚丙烯的涂层或薄膜。
3、如权利要求1所述的有涂层的帐篷织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为铝箔。
4、如权利要求1所述的有涂层的帐篷织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为氨基甲酸乙酯涂层或薄膜。
5、如权利要求1所述的有涂层的帐篷织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为帐篷顶帐。
6、一种用于穿着服装的织物，所述的织物具有一含有二氯苯醚菊酯和聚合物粘合剂的涂层，其特征在于：织物表面上覆盖有紧贴着穿着者的皮肤的阻隔层，在使用时以保护织物穿着者的皮肤免受二氯苯醚菊酯迁移物的侵害。
7、如权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为铝箔层。
8、如权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为聚丙烯涂层或薄膜。
9、如权利要求6所述的织物，其特征在于：所述的阻隔层为氨基甲酸乙酯涂层或薄膜。
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FI933145A0 (fi) 1993-07-09
ATE184666T1 (de) 1999-10-15
IL106178A0 (en) 1993-10-20
CA2107972A1 (en) 1994-08-02
KR100254740B1 (ko) 2000-05-01
IL106178A (en) 1998-03-10
MX9304287A (es) 1994-08-31
AU655568B2 (en) 1994-12-22
KR940019918A (ko) 1994-09-15
EP0609600B1 (en) 1999-09-15
NZ248247A (en) 1995-12-21
DE69326433D1 (de) 1999-10-21
FI933145A (fi) 1994-08-02
GR3032143T3 (en) 2000-04-27
US5252387A (en) 1993-10-12
ES2138994T3 (es) 2000-02-01
AU4164893A (en) 1994-08-04
TW247921B (zh) 1995-05-21
FI109924B (fi) 2002-10-31
JP2693359B2 (ja) 1997-12-24
DE69326433T2 (de) 2000-05-31
DK0609600T3 (da) 2000-04-17
JPH06235172A (ja) 1994-08-23
CN1072295C (zh) 2001-10-03
CA2107972C (en) 2003-08-05
EP0609600A1 (en) 1994-08-10

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