CN109006137A - A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006137A CN109006137A CN201810925697.1A CN201810925697A CN109006137A CN 109006137 A CN109006137 A CN 109006137A CN 201810925697 A CN201810925697 A CN 201810925697A CN 109006137 A CN109006137 A CN 109006137A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
- C05F3/04—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure from human faecal masses
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural methods for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality.This kind of method realizes the symbiosis of guava sesbania, not only effectively improves salt affected soil, bury the green content of organic matter increased in soil simultaneously also by cradling, provide nutrient for the growth of plant by interplanting sesbania in guava garden;Salt affected soil is improved further through chemistry and biological means while increasing soil with organic matter content by applying base manure and improving fertilizer;By regular plowed soils, processing of loosening the soil is carried out, not only improves soil texture, salinity is reduced, and incorporate organic matter more fully in soil, continues to optimize the state of soil;Apply different types of fertilizer by the way that the different times in plant strain growth are corresponding, and then increases the yield and quality of guava.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to guava field of planting, and in particular to a kind of cultivation for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality
Method.
Background technique
China coast beach vast area, water resource are abundant.It is directly affected by seawater, salt affected soil development in this area's is wide
It is general;The saline and alkaline soil in Coastal beach area reduces the utilization rate in coastal area soil, constrains the development of agricultural economy.At present
The improvement in coastal saline and alkaline soil mainly has physical measure, chemical measure and Ecological Measures.Physical measure mainly includes improving arable land
Irrigation and drainage system with functions, soil moved in improve the original pressure the methods of alkali.Chemical measure mainly has applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, application soil improvement
Agent, straw-returning technology.The method that Ecological Measures are generally used be mostly plant saline alkali tolerant plant, plantation saline-alkali tolerant crops,
Develop alkali Agriculture etc..Coastal beach salt-soda soil is improved using ecological method, is not only improved to coastal area ecology ring change border
Protection, and be conducive to improve coastal area agricultural production efficiency, improve coastal area the exploitation of agricultural land.
Guava is called guava, is Myrtaceae Psidium plant, originates in american torrid zone area, is suitable for torrid zone gas
It waits, is afraid of frost, at -1 DEG C~-2 DEG C of general temperature, treelet can freeze to death.23~28 DEG C of optimum temperature of growth, minimum monthly average temperature
15.5 DEG C of degree or more is just conducive to grow.Annual rainfall is advisable with 1000~2000mm.Drought-enduring also moisture-proof, light is sunny,
As a result morning, quality are good.Guava plantation is largely introduced Fujian Province's the 1990s from TaiWan, China, since the guava four seasons open
Flower fruiting, 1 year can be deep to be liked by the majority of consumers and farmer with fruit picking 1-3 times, at present the whole province guava cultivated area
About 3.8 ten thousand mu.But due to special temperature and moisture requirement, the guava of Fujian Province's plantation is a variety of to be planted in coastal salt-soda soil,
The some content of mineral substances in salt-soda soil are high, but soil organic matter content is low, there is that low temperature, soil is thin, structure is poor.Into the mature stage
Afterwards, plantation declines soil fertility due to consuming a large amount of nutrients in the guava fruit tree in salt-soda soil, soil hardening, root system aging,
A variety of pest and disease damages such as citrus fruit fly, anthracnose, root-knot nematode are on the rise, in addition traditional clean tillage is cultivated, orchard largely makes
With chemical agent weeding, soil aggregate structure is caused to be destroyed, water body chemical medicament is seriously polluted, most of guava orchard
Less than 1000kg, Pesticide Residues in Fruit is high for yield and quality decline or even some orchard per mu yields.Therefore how saline-alkali soil is improved
Earth promotes the orchards industry sustainable and healthy developments such as guava, becomes an important topic of coastal fruit industry development concern.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, propose a kind of raising salt-soda soil guava yield
With the cultural method of quality, this method applies organic fertilizer and improving fertilizer and is improved by interplanting sesbania in guava garden
Nicotine soil, to improve the yield and quality of guava.
A kind of cultural method improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality proposed by the present invention, comprising the following steps:
(1) interplant sesbania: the line number ratio of plantation guava and sesbania is 1:2~4, and the line-spacing of guava described in every row is 3
~3.5m, spacing in the rows 2.0m, the line space of the sesbania are 80~120cm, and guava two sides described in every row are equipped with for irrigating
Ditch;
(2) fertilizing management: applying and sprout fertilizer at least twice 2~March, applies for 4~May and promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, applies strong 6~July
Fruit fertilizer applies base manure and improving fertilizer January 12~next year, is both needed to carry out watering Irrigation by the ditch every time after fertilising;
(3) soil improvement is handled: after 6~July applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, sesbania cradle and buries green processing, January 12~next year
Base manure and improving fertilizer are shed to soil surface, 350~400 kilograms per acre of base manure, 40~60 kilograms per acre of improving fertilizer, is shed laggard
The processing of row Soil tillage, is turned over using comminuted when turning over, sesbania root, limb and the bulk soil in soil is smashed.
Sesbania green forage yield is high, and nutrient content is abundant, and salt tolerance is stronger, is the pioneer crop for improveing saline-alkali soil.Plant field
Cyanines are mainly used as green manure, can directly plough, apply after its stalk and domestic animals manure stack retting can also be used in addition to improveing saline-alkali soil with it
With.It can make base manure, top dressing can also be made.The time is turned over to make sowing and growth of seedling after not influencing, and with green forage yield and its support
It is principle when dividing total content highest.
For the present invention using sesbania is interplanted in guava garden, purpose one, sesbania water imbibition is preferable, can reduce the ground in salt-soda soil
Lower water level, then elution, flushing by daily irrigation progress salinity, make salinity losses, reduce soil salt content;Its purpose two,
It is cradled by sesbania and buries blueness, degenerated by the degradation of sesbania itself, increased organic matter and content of mineral substances in soil, improve
Soil texture, avoids hardened, enhances the permeability of soil, guava root is allow more preferably to absorb nutrient and moisture;Its
Purpose three, long-term interplanting sesbania not only can effectively improve salt affected soil, increase the yield and quality of crop, meanwhile, sesbania is certainly
Body is also a kind of good industrial crops, and cauline leaf and seed are good raw material, has certain economic value.
Meanwhile the present invention can satisfy guava not by carrying out the application of corresponding fertilizer in plant strain growth different times
The demand of same time growth, to greatly increase the yield and quality of fruit.Base manure can increase soil with organic matter
Content provides not only a variety of nutrients needed for plant strain growth, while also containing a large amount of organic acid, can neutralize in soil
Alkali can also improve soil texture;A large amount of calcareous materials are not only contained in improving fertilizer, to in salt-soda soil chloride ion,
The salt such as nitrate anion are with ions binding, and precipitating is lost, and joined a certain amount of biological modification agent, by microorganism to soil
Interior macromolecular is degraded, and is improved soil texture, is increase soil fertility.
Furthermore the present invention passes through turning over for soil every year, more effectively directly soil texture can be improved, soil
It is loose ventilative, it is lost convenient for salt precipitation, and but also the organic matter in soil is more uniform, fertility is sufficient, is convenient for plant
Growth.
Further, the deep 15~20cm in the ditch in the step (1).Its purpose is first is that carry out the benefit of moisture to plant
It fills, second is that for the ease of the loss and precipitating of the calcium salt of soil.
Further, the sprouting fertilizer in the step (2) includes following component by mass parts: 8~12 parts of compound fertilizer, sulfuric acid
1.5~2.5 parts of potassium, 40~50 parts of peanut cake and 5~10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.Other than sprouting the stage to nitrogen the purpose is to plant
Other elements demand it is larger.
Further, the fruit-promoting fertilizer in the step (2) is one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nitric acid phosphorus potassium or two kinds.
It is larger to nitrogen, the demand of P elements the purpose is to strengthen the fruit stage in the later period.
Further, the base manure in the step (2) ferments for farmyard manure is decomposed.Farmyard manure includes night soil, chicken
Duck excrement, pig horse sheep dung are one of just or a variety of.The farmyard manure content of organic matter is high, can improve the crumb structure of soil, simultaneously
Also the fertility of soil is substantially increased, and also contains a certain amount of minerals.
Further, the improving fertilizer in the step (2) includes following component by mass parts: 20~30 parts of plant ash, raw
20~35 parts of object charcoal, 0.5~1 part and 15~18 parts of calcium superphosphate of thallus.The purpose is to pass through chemical modifying and biological modification
Mode handles the salinity of soil, accelerates the reduction of salinity, while the charcoal in the present invention has very strong adsorptivity,
The salinity in soil can not only be absorbed, while the pH value by reducing soil, the beneficial microbe in culture soil,
Have the function that desinsection, avoid pest and disease damage.
Further, the thallus includes bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering.It is logical
It crosses different strain to degrade, to realize the improvement of soil texture.
Further, the preparation method of the charcoal is the following steps are included: peanut shell is cleaned with tap water, and
It is dried;Peanut shell after drying is pyrolyzed at 345~355 DEG C, obtains charcoal.
Further, the pyrolysis time is 1.5~2.5h.
Further, the drying temperature is 60~70 DEG C.
A kind of cultural method of raising salt-soda soil guava yield and quality of the invention, this kind of method pass through in guava
It interplants sesbania in garden, realizes the symbiosis of guava sesbania, not only effective improvement salt affected soil, bury blueness simultaneously also by cradling and increase
The content of organic matter in soil provides nutrient for the growth of plant;By applying base manure and improving fertilizer in increasing soil
Salt affected soil is improved further through chemistry and biological means while the content of organic matter;By regular plowed soils, carry out
It loosens the soil processing, not only improves soil texture, reduce salinity, and incorporate organic matter more fully in soil, make soil
State is continued to optimize;Apply different types of fertilizer by the way that the different times in plant strain growth are corresponding, and then increases guava
Yield and quality.
Specific embodiment
For present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate this hair
It is bright rather than limit the scope of the invention.In addition, various changes or modification that those skilled in the art make the present invention, this
A little equivalent forms are equally fallen in the application range claimed.Proportion in the embodiment of the present invention is by weight.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of charcoal: the preparation method of charcoal is the following steps are included: peanut shell is cleaned with tap water, and carries out
Drying, drying temperature are 60 DEG C;Peanut shell after drying is pyrolyzed at 345 DEG C, pyrolysis time 1.5h obtains charcoal.
(1) interplant sesbania: the line number ratio of plantation guava and sesbania is 1:2, and the line-spacing of guava described in every row is
3m, spacing in the rows 2.0m, the line space of the sesbania are 80cm, and guava two sides described in every row are equipped with the ditch for irrigation;
(2) fertilizing management: applying and sprout fertilizer at least twice 2~March, applies for 4~May and promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, applies strong 6~July
Fruit fertilizer applies base manure and improving fertilizer January 12~next year, is both needed to carry out watering Irrigation by the ditch every time after fertilising;
(3) soil improvement is handled: after 6~July applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, sesbania cradle and buries green processing, January 12~next year
Base manure and improving fertilizer are shed to soil surface, the ingredient of improving fertilizer is 20 parts of plant ash, 20 parts of charcoal, 0.5 part of thallus and phosphorus
15 parts of sour calcium, 40 kilograms per acre of improving fertilizer, carries out Soil tillage processing, powder is used when turning over by 350 kilograms per acre of base manure after shedding
Fragility is turned over, and sesbania root, limb and the bulk soil in soil are smashed.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of charcoal: the preparation method of charcoal is the following steps are included: peanut shell is cleaned with tap water, and carries out
Drying, drying temperature are 65 DEG C;Peanut shell after drying is pyrolyzed at 350 DEG C, pyrolysis time 2h obtains charcoal.
(1) interplant sesbania: the line number ratio of plantation guava and sesbania is 1:3, the strain spacing of guava described in every row
For 3m, spacing in the rows 2.0m, the line space of the sesbania is 100cm, and guava two sides described in every row are equipped with the ditch for irrigation,
Ditch depth 18cm;
(2) fertilizing management: applying and sprout fertilizer at least twice 2~March, applies for 4~May and promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, applies strong 6~July
Fruit fertilizer, applies base manure and improving fertilizer January 12~next year, and the ingredient of improving fertilizer is 25 parts of plant ash, and 28 parts of charcoal, thallus
It 0.7 part and 16 parts of calcium phosphate, is both needed to carry out watering Irrigation by the ditch every time after fertilising;
(3) soil improvement is handled: after 9~October applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, sesbania cradle and buries green processing, January 12~next year
Part sheds base manure and improving fertilizer to soil surface, 375 kilograms per acre of base manure, 50 kilograms per acre of improving fertilizer, carries out soil after shedding
Processing is turned over, is turned over when turning over using comminuted, sesbania root, limb and the bulk soil in soil is smashed.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of charcoal: the preparation method of charcoal is the following steps are included: peanut shell is cleaned with tap water, and carries out
Drying, drying temperature are 70 DEG C;Peanut shell after drying is pyrolyzed at 355 DEG C, pyrolysis time 2.5h obtains charcoal.
(1) interplant sesbania: the line number ratio of plantation guava and sesbania is 1:4, and the line-spacing of guava described in every row is
3.5m, spacing in the rows 2.0m, the line space of the sesbania are 120cm, and guava two sides described in every row are equipped with the ditch for irrigation;
(2) fertilizing management: applying and sprout fertilizer at least twice 2~March, applies for 4~May and promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, applies strong 6~July
Fruit fertilizer applies base manure and improving fertilizer January 12~next year, is both needed to carry out watering Irrigation by the ditch every time after fertilising;
(3) soil improvement is handled: after 6~July applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, sesbania cradle and buries green processing, January 12~next year
Base manure and improving fertilizer are shed to soil surface, the ingredient of improving fertilizer is 30 parts of plant ash, 35 parts of charcoal, 1 part of thallus and phosphoric acid
18 parts of calcium, 400 kilograms per acre of base manure, 60 kilograms per acre of improving fertilizer, Soil tillage processing is carried out after shedding, using crushing when turning over
Property is turned over, and sesbania root, limb and the bulk soil in soil are smashed.
Evaluation:
Embodiment 1, embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 through the invention is planted experimentally in saline and alkaline experimental plot, and with use traditional approach
The guava planted compares, and passes through the yield and sugariness progress reference pair ratio to guava.Data comparison such as following table
1。
It can be seen from Table 1 that the guava that cultural method of the invention obtains is either in sugariness, or in yield
On be all substantially better than traditional cultivation method, also sufficiently show excellent effect of the present invention relative to conventional method, absolutely prove
The application has large improvement in technical field tool.
Exemplary illustration is carried out to the embodiment of the present invention above, but the content is only preferable implementation of the invention
Example, should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.All the changes and improvements etc. of all application ranges according to the present invention,
It should all fall within the scope of the patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
(1) interplant sesbania: the line number ratio of plantation guava and sesbania is 1:2~4, and the line-spacing of guava described in every row is 3
~3.5m, spacing in the rows 2.0m, the line space of the sesbania are 80~120cm, and guava two sides described in every row are equipped with for irrigating
Ditch;
(2) fertilizing management: applying and sprout fertilizer at least twice 2~March, applies for 4~May and promotees fertilizers for potted flowers, applies strong 6~July
Fruit fertilizer applies base manure and improving fertilizer January 12~next year, is both needed to carry out watering Irrigation by the ditch every time after fertilising;
(3) soil improvement is handled: after 6~July applies fruit-promoting fertilizer, sesbania cradle and buries green processing, January 12~next year
Base manure and improving fertilizer are shed to soil surface, 350~400 kilograms per acre of base manure, 40~60 kilograms per acre of improving fertilizer, is shed laggard
The processing of row Soil tillage, is turned over using comminuted when turning over, sesbania root, limb and the bulk soil in soil is smashed.
2. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
State the deep 15~20cm in ditch in step (1).
3. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It includes following component that the sprouting fertilizer in step (2), which is stated, by mass parts: 8~12 parts of compound fertilizer, 1.5~2.5 parts of potassium sulfate, peanut cake
40~50 parts and 5~10 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.
4. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating the fruit-promoting fertilizer in step (2) is one of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and nitric acid phosphorus potassium or two kinds.
5. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating base manure in step (2), to be that farmyard manure is decomposed ferment, the farmyard manure include night soil, chicken and duck excrement, pig horse sheep dung just
One of or it is a variety of.
6. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute
It includes following component that the improving fertilizer in step (2), which is stated, by mass parts: 20~30 parts of plant ash, 20~35 parts of charcoal, and thallus 0.5
~1 part and 15~18 parts of calcium superphosphate.
7. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating thallus includes bacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, Trichoderma and bacillusmusilaginosiengineering.
8. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as claimed in claim 6, it is characterised in that: institute
The preparation method of charcoal is stated the following steps are included: peanut shell is cleaned with tap water, and is dried;After drying
Peanut shell is pyrolyzed at 345~355 DEG C, obtains charcoal.
9. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating pyrolysis time is 1.5~2.5h.
10. a kind of cultural method for improving salt-soda soil guava yield and quality as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that:
The drying temperature is 60~70 DEG C.
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2018
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CN101940142A (en) * | 2010-08-23 | 2011-01-12 | 华侨大学 | No-pollution standardized high-yield method for cultivating guava |
CN107324872A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-07 | 深圳市芭田生态工程股份有限公司 | Guava special fertilizer, its preparation method and the fertilizing method of guava |
CN108293625A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-07-20 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | Sandy method salt-soda soil plantation timothy grass and improve clay fertilizer situation |
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Application publication date: 20181218 |