CN108967076B - Whole-process mechanized planting method for cabbages - Google Patents
Whole-process mechanized planting method for cabbages Download PDFInfo
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- CN108967076B CN108967076B CN201810852520.3A CN201810852520A CN108967076B CN 108967076 B CN108967076 B CN 108967076B CN 201810852520 A CN201810852520 A CN 201810852520A CN 108967076 B CN108967076 B CN 108967076B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/15—Leaf crops, e.g. lettuce or spinach
Abstract
The invention provides a full-process mechanized planting method for cabbages, relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and solves the technical problem of low labor production efficiency. S1, uniformly spreading base fertilizer in a field by a fertilizer spreader according to the fertility of the land and the condition of crop rotation; s2, ploughing the field after the base fertilizer is spread, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 10cm, and the diameter of soil particles is less than 5 cm; s3, ridging the ploughed large field through a ridging machine, wherein the width of furrows between the ridging machine and the furrows is consistent; s4, mechanically sowing the seeds by adopting a vegetable precision sowing flow line according to corresponding seedling raising equipment and a hole tray; s5, after sowing, carrying out seedling raising management to grow seedlings into transplantable seedlings; s6, transplanting the transplantable seedlings to the corresponding planting row number and the corresponding ridge surface of each ridge in the step S3 through a transplanting machine; s7, performing field management through the unmanned aerial vehicle flight defense or the plant protection vehicle with the wheel distance consistent with the furrow distance after the ridging in the step S3; wherein, the implementation time of the steps S1 to S3 overlaps with the implementation time of the step S5.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a full-process mechanized planting method for cabbages.
Background
Shanghai is one of the largest vegetable consumption cities in China, the annual consumption amount reaches more than 560 ten thousand tons, the annual vegetable planting area of the whole city reaches more than 50 ten thousand mu, and the planting area is nearly 180 ten thousand mu times. At present, the vegetables in the market have low mechanization degree and high labor intensity, the demand for mechanical production is very urgent, the development of mechanical production of the vegetables and the conversion of a vegetable production mode are urgent. The cabbage planting mode needs certain row spacing and planting spacing, and generally a transplanting mode is mostly adopted. However, in the aspect of transplanting technology research, China just starts, and as vegetables, particularly low-density transplanting vegetables such as head lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli, are transplanted by pot seedlings, multiple operation links of mechanical seedling culture, mechanical bedding and mechanical transplanting are involved, system research and demonstration popularization are not carried out, the vegetables are still in a manual planting stage at present, and the labor production efficiency is relatively low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a full-process mechanized cabbage planting method to solve the technical problem of low labor production efficiency in the prior art. The technical effects that can be produced by the preferred technical scheme in the technical schemes provided by the invention are described in detail in the following.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a full-process mechanized planting method of cabbages, which comprises the following steps that S1, a fertilizer distributor uniformly distributes base fertilizer in a field according to the soil fertility and the crop rotation condition; s2, ploughing the field after the base fertilizer is spread, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 10cm, and the diameter of soil particles is less than 5 cm; s3, ridging the ploughed large field through a ridging machine, wherein the width of furrows between the ridging machine and the furrows is consistent; s4, mechanically sowing the seeds by adopting a vegetable precision sowing flow line according to corresponding seedling raising equipment and a hole tray; s5, after sowing, carrying out seedling raising management to grow seedlings into transplantable seedlings; s6, transplanting the transplantable seedlings to the corresponding planting row number and the corresponding ridge surface of each ridge in the step S3 through a transplanting machine; s7, performing field management through the unmanned aerial vehicle flight defense or the plant protection vehicle with the wheel distance consistent with the furrow distance after the ridging in the step S3; wherein, the implementation time of the steps S1 to S3 overlaps with the implementation time of the step S5.
The beneficial effects of the invention are that the whole-course mechanized planting method for forming the cabbage vegetables forms a reproducible technical mode. Aiming at the low-density transplanted vegetables such as the cabbages, a step S1 of mechanically spreading base fertilizer through a fertilizer spreader is carried out, a step S2 of mechanically ploughing and stubble-cleaning and mechanically rotary tillage are carried out through a stubble-cleaning rotary cultivator, a step S3 of mechanically ridging is carried out through a ridging machine, a step S4 of mechanically raising seedlings is carried out through a vegetable precision seeding assembly line, a step S6 of mechanically transplanting is carried out through a transplanting machine, a step S7 of mechanically protecting plants through unmanned aerial vehicle flight control or plant protection vehicles is carried out, the mechanical planting technologies of all links are integrated, and the complete mechanical planting matching technical scheme of the cabbages is formed.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be further improved as follows.
Further, the full-process mechanized planting method for the cabbages further comprises a step S01 before the step S1, wherein a deep ploughing machine is used for deep ploughing the field with serious soil salinization, and the ploughing depth is more than 40 cm.
Further, in the step S3, the furrows made include narrow furrows and wide furrows, the width of the furrow surface of the narrow furrow is 800-; the ridge surface of the wide ridge is 1400cm, and 4 rows are transplanted in 1 ridge.
Further, in the method for mechanically planting cabbage in the whole process, in step S4, before the mechanical sowing, the mechanical sowing includes a seed treatment, and the seed treatment includes removing moldy seeds, shrunken seeds and insect seeds.
Further, in the method for full mechanized cabbage planting, in step S4, the mechanized sowing includes filling matrix/nutrient soil, irrigating, perforating, sowing, covering soil, and irrigating.
Further, in the step S5, the seedling management includes the steps of S51, gradually hardening the cabbage seedlings as long as 1 leaf and 1 heart; s52, the cabbage seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, and urea is sprayed if the seedlings are weak, the seedlings are small or the leaves are light yellow; s53, growing the cabbage seedlings to a leaf stage of 5 leaves to 6 leaves, wherein the seedlings are 30-40 days old, and the plant height is 8-15cm, so that the cabbage seedlings can be transplanted; and (4) during the steps from S51 to S53, keeping the water content of the soil at 50% -70%, and performing pest control.
Further, in the step S6, the transplanting depth and the row spacing of the transplanter are adjusted before transplanting, and the transplanting depth is equal to the nutrient soil surface of the field in the step S3; and (5) cultivating soil around the cabbage seedlings after transplanting.
Further, in the method for mechanically planting cabbage in the whole process, in step S6, when the transplanter cultivates a small variety, the row spacing is 400X400 mm; when a large variety is cultivated, the row spacing is 500X450 mm; the width of the corresponding ridge surface of the transplanter is 800 or 1400 cm.
Further, the method for mechanically planting the cabbages in the whole process comprises an initial stage, a middle stage and a later stage, wherein the water content of soil is kept to be 50-60% in the initial stage, and 1% of urea is added and sprayed 3 days after planting; the water content of the soil is kept between 40 and 70 percent in the middle stage, and the opening degree of the cabbage lotus throne leaves is controlled within the range of between 40 and 60 cm; the later stage keeps the water content of the soil between 50 and 70 percent, and stops watering when the diameter of the cabbage stalk is between 10 and 20 cm; and during the field management period, pesticides are alternately used for pest control and field archive recording.
Further, the method for mechanically planting the cabbages in the whole process further comprises step S8 after the step S7, wherein the cabbages with the weight of more than 0.5kg and the head diameter of more than 12cm are harvested by a cabbage harvester.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a full-process mechanized planting method of cabbages, which comprises the following steps of S1, uniformly spreading base fertilizer by a fertilizer spreader in a field according to the fertility of soil and the condition of crop rotation; s2, ploughing the field after the base fertilizer is spread, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 10cm, and the diameter of soil particles is less than 5 cm; s3, ridging the ploughed large field through a ridging machine, wherein the width of furrows between the ridging machine and the furrows is consistent; s4, mechanically sowing the seeds by adopting a vegetable precision sowing flow line according to corresponding seedling raising equipment and a hole tray; s5, after sowing, carrying out seedling raising management to grow seedlings into transplantable seedlings; s6, transplanting the transplantable seedlings to the corresponding planting row number and the corresponding ridge surface of each ridge in the step S3 through a transplanting machine; s7, performing field management through the unmanned aerial vehicle flight defense or the plant protection vehicle with the wheel distance consistent with the furrow distance after the ridging in the step S3; wherein, the implementation time of the steps S1 to S3 overlaps with the implementation time of the step S5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention. The field in step S1 needs to be a field where cruciferous crops are not planted for three years, the soil is fertile, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, the field is slightly acidic to neutral, and the water and fertilizer retention capacity is strong. The fertilizing amount is determined according to the soil fertility and the wheel stubble condition. The field is covered with a vegetable shed which is favorable for the growth of crops, and the fertilizer distributor starts to distribute fertilizer from the left side or the right side of the vegetable shed during fertilizer distribution so as to ensure the uniformity of fertilizer distribution.
In the step S2, a tractor with power of more than 25.7kw can be used as a power source for plowing the field, and a JT-GMR150A or YTMC-140 stubble-cleaning rotary cultivator stubble cleaner, a furrow plough, a disc plough and the like are used for plowing. The plowing is firstly operated according to a reasonable walking route which is known by technicians in the field and is beneficial to plowing the field, then plowing is adopted, and finally, the plowing depth is up to more than 10cm, the soil is broken well, the diameter of soil particles is less than 5cm, the ground is flat, no missing plowing, strip breaking, upturned soil returning and the like exist in the field. Thereby facilitating the performance of the subsequent steps.
The steps S1 to S3 realize mechanized processing of the field land so that the implementation of the steps S1 to S3 has temporal continuity. The steps S4 and S5 realize sowing and seedling raising, and have implementation time continuity. In order to improve the efficiency of the whole-course mechanized planting, since the mechanized processing time of the land is generally less than the seedling raising time of step S5, the implementation end time of step S3 may be synchronized with the implementation end time of step S5, thereby achieving a partial or full overlap of the implementation time of step S3 and the implementation time of step S5.
The transplanter is matched with the transplanter in the step S6 to correspond to the planting line number and the furrow surface of each furrow in the step S3, and the wheel track of the plant protection vehicle in the step S7 is consistent with the furrow space after the furrow is made in the step S3, so that mechanical transplanting and field management can be realized.
The cabbage is used as a vegetable variety with a wider planting area in the Shanghai region, and the cabbage vegetable full-process mechanical planting method is formed through the implementation of the method, so that a reproducible technical mode is formed. Aiming at the low-density transplanted vegetables such as the cabbages, a step S1 of mechanically spreading base fertilizer through a fertilizer spreader is carried out, a step S2 of mechanically ploughing and stubble-cleaning and mechanically rotary tillage are carried out through a stubble-cleaning rotary cultivator, a step S3 of mechanically ridging is carried out through a ridging machine, a step S4 of mechanically raising seedlings is carried out through a vegetable precision seeding assembly line, a step S6 of mechanically transplanting is carried out through a transplanting machine, a step S7 of mechanically protecting plants through unmanned aerial vehicle flight control or plant protection vehicles is carried out, the mechanical planting technologies of all links are integrated, and the complete mechanical planting matching technical scheme of the cabbages is formed.
In an optional embodiment, step S1 is preceded by step S01 of deep ploughing the field with heavily salinized soil to a depth of more than 40 cm.
Specifically, if the soil salinization of the field is serious, a JT-KI NG145 deep ploughing machine can be used for deep ploughing, the ploughing depth is more than 40cm, and the tractor is matched with a power facility with more than 40.4 kw. Through the deep ploughing operation of the deep ploughing machine, soil, vegetable straws and weeds can be crushed to be fine, so that the ploughing efficiency is improved. When the deep ploughing machine is used, the deep ploughing machine is connected to a tractor, the tractor is started, test operation is carried out, and whether each running part is normal or not is checked. During test operation, the deep ploughing machine and the ground should keep a distance of 15-20 cm.
As an optional implementation manner, in step S3, the furrows include narrow furrows and wide furrows, the width of the furrow surface of each narrow furrow is 800-; the ridge surface of the wide ridge is 1400cm, and 4 rows are transplanted in 1 ridge.
Specifically, a DV14N-RM furrow making machine can be adopted in the narrow furrow, the matched power is more than 35hp, the furrow surface width is 800-900mm, and 2 rows can be transplanted in 1 ridge. The wide ridge can adopt an YTA-140 ridge forming and ridge making machine or an AF SI PER 160 ridge making machine, the matching power is more than 90hp, the width of the ridge surface is 1400mm, and 4 rows can be transplanted in 1 ridge. The narrow ridge or the wide ridge is selected according to the adaptation of the transplanter adopted in the step S6.
In addition, the ridge surface needs to be flat and straight when making ridges, and the width of the furrow between the ridges is consistent, so that the ridge surface does not collapse due to mutual interference.
As an alternative embodiment, the mechanized sowing may be preceded by a seed treatment comprising culling of mold, shrunken and worm seeds in step S4.
Specifically, in order to increase the germination rate of the seeds, the seeds are treated before sowing. Sowing date, namely cultivating the spring cabbages, wherein the suitable sowing period in the Shanghai area is 10 last ten days; as autumn cabbage cultivation, the seedlings can be sown at the bottom of 7 months and at the beginning of 8 months.
As an alternative embodiment, the mechanized sowing includes filling with matrix/nutrient soil, pouring, perforating, sowing, covering with soil, and pouring in step S4.
Specifically, the seeding can be completed by adopting a vegetable and flower precision seeding production line 2YB-G30A produced by Boren Engineers Limited in Zhejiang or a vegetable and flower precision seeding production line 2YB-G60 and SYZ series seedling raising equipment. The seeding equipment can be selected according to the selected seedling raising equipment and the selected hole tray.
As an alternative embodiment, in step S5, the seedling management includes the steps of S51, gradually hardening cabbage seedlings to 1 leaf and 1 heart; s52, the cabbage seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, and urea is sprayed if the seedlings are weak, the seedlings are small or the leaves are light yellow; s53, growing the cabbage seedlings to a leaf stage of 5 leaves to 6 leaves, wherein the seedlings are 30-40 days old, and the plant height is 8-15cm, so that the cabbage seedlings can be transplanted; and (4) during the steps from S51 to S53, keeping the water content of the soil at 50% -70%, and performing pest control.
Specifically, before step S51, water retention and heat preservation are needed 3 to 5 days after seeding and when 60 to 70 percent of seedlings emerge. When a small number of diseased seedlings are found, the disease should be prevented and cured in time, the diseased plants should be pulled out, and dry soil should be scattered to remove moisture, so as to prevent the disease from expanding.
In the step S51, when the outdoor temperature exceeds 32 ℃ in a sunny day, the seedling exercising is to cover the sunshade net, and the seedling exercising is not to cover the sunshade net at other times. But according to the weather forecast, a sunshade net is covered before rainstorm, and when the cabbage seedlings reach 3 leaves, the cabbage seedlings are not covered any more. And proper soil moisture content is kept, namely the soil moisture content is about 60%, and water should be supplemented when the soil moisture content is insufficient.
In step S52, leaf of cabbage seedling is grown to 3 leaves, and according to growth vigor, if seedling is weak, seedling is small and leaf is light yellow, urea is sprayed for 2.5-3kg/667m2. Attention is paid to observing the occurrence of noctuid, plutella xylostella, cabbage butterfly, cabbage aphid, striped flea beetle, black rot, damping off, virus diseases and the like.
In step S53, the leaves of cabbage seedlings grow to 5-6 leaves, the seedling age is about 35 days, and the plant height is controlled to be 8-15cm, so that the later mechanical transplanting operation is facilitated, no plant diseases and insect pests exist, and the leaves are clear in color.
As an alternative embodiment, in step S6, adjusting the transplanting depth and the row spacing of the transplanter before transplanting, wherein the transplanting depth is equal to the nutrient soil surface of the field in step S3; and (5) cultivating soil around the cabbage seedlings after transplanting. Further, in step S6, when the transplanter cultivates the small variety, the row spacing is 400X400 mm; when a large variety is cultivated, the row spacing is 500X450 mm; the width of the corresponding ridge surface of the transplanter is 800 or 1400 cm.
Specifically, in one embodiment, a full-automatic transplanter of the type PF2R two-row riding, hereinafter referred to as PF2R, manufactured by japan ocean horse co. The PF2R full-automatic transplanter uses a matched 128-hole or 200-hole floppy disk, if other hole disks are used for transplantation, faults can occur, during operation, hole disk seedlings are correctly arranged on a transplantation operation mechanism, the transplantation depth and the plant row spacing are adjusted, the transplantation depth is equal to the nutrient soil surface of the hole disk seedlings, and the soil around the cabbage seedlings is cultivated after transplantation. When cultivating small plants, the row spacing is 400x400mm, when cultivating large plants, the row spacing is 500x450mm, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and watering root for 1-2 times after planting. The PF2R full-automatic transplanter is matched with a corresponding 800mm ridge surface.
In one embodiment, the transplanter can adopt an HORTECH transplanter produced by Hortech company in Italy, the power of the HORTECH transplanter is a 804 tractor (comprising a crawling gear), the seedling feeding mode is self-service seedling throwing, 1 person drives the tractor, the gear is adjusted to the crawling gear, 2 persons are responsible for seedling throwing operation, the transplanting depth and the plant spacing are adjusted, the transplanting depth is parallel to the nutrient soil surface of a field, and the soil around the cabbage seedlings is cultivated after transplanting. The row spacing of the plants is 400mm multiplied by 400mm, 4 rows are planted in each ridge, and root fixing water is poured for 1 to 2 times after planting. The HORTECH transplanter is matched with a corresponding 1400mm furrow surface.
In one embodiment, a PVHR2-E18 semi-automatic transplanter produced by Jiangsu Jing agricultural machinery (Changzhou) Limited company can be adopted, the PVHR2-E18 semi-automatic transplanter is provided with power, the transplanting operation can be completed by 1 person, and the seedling feeding mode is self-service seedling throwing. During operation, the transplanting depth and the plant row spacing are adjusted, the transplanting depth is equal to the nutrient soil surface of the field, and the soil around the field is cultivated after transplanting. When cultivating small plants, the row spacing is 400x400mm, when cultivating large plants, the row spacing is 500x450mm, planting 2 rows in each ridge, and watering root for 1-2 times after planting. The PVHR2-E18 semi-automatic transplanter is matched with a corresponding 800mm ridge surface.
As an optional embodiment, the field management comprises an initial stage, a middle stage and a later stage, wherein the water content of the soil is kept between 50 and 60 percent in the initial stage, and 1 percent of urea is sprayed after 3 days of planting; the water content of the soil is kept between 40 and 70 percent in the middle stage, and the opening degree of the cabbage lotus throne leaves is controlled within the range of between 40 and 60 cm; and in the later stage, the water content of the soil is kept between 50 and 70 percent, and watering is stopped when the diameter of the cabbage head reaches 10 to 20 cm. And during the field management period, pesticides are alternately used for pest control and field archive recording.
Specifically, in the initial stage, a certain soil moisture content is maintained, namely the soil moisture content is 50-60%, water is supplemented when the soil moisture content is insufficient, and water is not accumulated when rain occurs. 3 days after planting, 1% urea is added with water to promote the seedlings to survive. Cultivating and weeding once after the survival. Attention is paid to observing diamondback moth, cabbage butterfly, cabbage aphid, cabbage moth, beet armyworm, prodenia litura, striped flea beetle and black rot, and pest control is carried out. The prevention and control adopt unmanned aerial vehicle flight prevention or plant protection vehicle prevention and control. When the pesticide is used, the purchasing of incomplete national 'three certificates' pesticide is forbidden, wherein the three certificates refer to pesticide registration certificate, production permit or production approval certificate and execution standard number. The pesticides should be used alternately, the safe use interval period is strictly controlled, and the field file recording is timely carried out after the pesticides are used, so that the resistance of pests to the pesticides is overcome, the types of the control objects are expanded, the purposes of controlling more pesticides with one pesticide are achieved, the service life of the old pesticides is prolonged, the synergistic effect is exerted, and the control cost is reduced. The wheel track of the plant protection vehicle is consistent with the space between furrows after the furrows are made up, so that the damage of the plant protection vehicle to the cabbages is avoided.
In the middle stage, certain soil moisture content is maintained, namely the soil moisture content is 50-60%, water is supplemented when the soil moisture content is insufficient, and water is not accumulated when rain occurs. Strictly controlling the development degree of the lotus throne leaves of the cabbage within the range of 40cm-60cm, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the cabbage head and the harvesting of the cabbage. When the thickness is less than 40cm, namely the expansion degree is insufficient, 15kg/667m of diammonium hydrogen phosphate is applied according to the growth situation2(ii) a When the water content exceeds 60cm, namely when the water content is too high, the water content is controlled by non-water supplement or deep intertillage, and the fertilizer is not applied. The rosette stage is that the leaves of the second and third leaf rings of the nodulation plant form a rosette-shaped growth phase, and the rosette leaves are the leaves forming the rosette stage. Intertillage and weeding are carried out according to the growth condition of weeds, and meanwhile, pest control is carried out. When the pesticide is used, the purchasing of incomplete pesticides of the three symptoms of the country is prohibited. The pesticides should be used alternately, the safe use interval period is strictly controlled, and the field file recording is timely carried out after the pesticides are used. The prevention and control adopt a plant protection vehicle or an unmanned aerial vehicle to fly the prevention and control, and the wheel track of the plant protection vehicle is consistent with the furrow distance after the furrow is made.
In the later stage, the watering can be stopped when the soil moisture content is kept to a certain degree, namely the soil moisture content is 50% -70%, and the nodulation diameter reaches about 15 cm. When the nodulation diameter reaches 8cm-10cm, if the leaves are thick and solid, the leaves are dark green according to the growth vigor, the growth vigor is vigorous, no fertilizer is applied, otherwise, 15kg/667m of compound fertilizer is applied2. And meanwhile, pest control is carried out. When the pesticide is used, the purchasing of incomplete pesticides of the three symptoms of the country is prohibited. The pesticides should be used alternately, the safe use interval period is strictly controlled, and the field file recording is timely carried out after the pesticides are used. And the control adopts unmanned aerial vehicle flight control or plant protection vehicle control, and the wheel track of the plant protection vehicle is consistent with the furrow distance after the furrow is made.
Optionally, step S7 is followed by step S8, wherein the cabbage with a head diameter of 12cm or more is harvested by a cabbage harvester with a weight of 0.5kg or more per plant.
Specifically, the cabbage can be mechanically harvested through a cabbage harvesting machine, and harvesting is performed by using a cabbage harvesting platform. Processing the collected cabbage, lightly placing the cabbage on an operation table, reserving 3 outer leaves, and manually removing the redundant outer leaves.
It should be noted that, preferably, the "inward" direction is a direction toward the center of the accommodating space, and the "outward" direction is a direction away from the center of the accommodating space.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "lateral", "vertical", "horizontal", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A cabbage full-process mechanized planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1, uniformly spreading base fertilizer in the field by the fertilizer spreader according to the soil fertility and the crop rotation condition;
s2, ploughing the field after the base fertilizer is spread, wherein the ploughing depth is more than 10cm, and the diameter of soil particles is less than 5 cm;
s3, ridging the ploughed large field through a ridging machine, wherein the width of furrows between the ridging machine and the furrows is consistent;
s4, mechanically sowing the seeds by adopting a vegetable precision sowing flow line according to corresponding seedling raising equipment and a hole tray;
s5, performing seedling raising management after sowing to grow seedlings into transplantable seedlings, wherein the seedling raising management comprises the following steps:
s51, gradually hardening the cabbage seedlings when the cabbage seedlings grow to 1 leaf and 1 heart stage;
s52, the cabbage seedlings grow to a 3-leaf stage, and urea is sprayed if the seedlings are weak, the seedlings are small or the leaves are light yellow;
s53, growing the cabbage seedlings to a leaf stage of 5 leaves to 6 leaves, wherein the seedlings are 30-40 days old, and the plant height is 8-15cm, so that the cabbage seedlings can be transplanted;
keeping the water content of the soil between 50 and 70 percent during the period from S51 to S53, and performing pest control;
s6, transplanting the transplantable seedlings to the corresponding planting row number and the corresponding ridge surface of each ridge in the step S3 through a transplanting machine;
s7, performing field management through a plant protection vehicle with unmanned aerial vehicle flying prevention or wheel spacing consistent with the inter-furrow spacing after ridging in the step S3, wherein the field management comprises an initial stage, a middle stage and a later stage, the initial stage keeps 50-60% of soil water content, and 1% of urea is added and sprayed 3 days after planting; the water content of the soil is kept between 40 and 70 percent in the middle stage, and the opening degree of the cabbage lotus throne leaves is controlled within the range of between 40 and 60 cm; the later stage keeps the water content of the soil between 50 and 70 percent, and stops watering when the diameter of the cabbage stalk is between 10 and 20 cm; during the field management period, pesticides are alternately used for pest control and field archive recording;
wherein, the implementation time of the steps S1 to S3 overlaps with the implementation time of the step S5.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is preceded by a step S01 of deep ploughing the field with serious soil salinization to a depth of more than 40 cm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S3, the furrows comprise narrow furrows and wide furrows, the width of the furrow surface of the narrow furrows is 800-; the ridge surface of the wide ridge is 1400cm, and 4 rows are transplanted in 1 ridge.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step S4, before the mechanical sowing, comprises a seed treatment, wherein the seed treatment comprises removing mold seeds, shrunken seeds and insect seeds.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S4, the mechanized sowing includes matrix/nutrient soil filling, pouring, hole opening, sowing, soil covering, and pouring.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein in step S6, the transplanting depth and the row spacing of the transplanter are adjusted before transplanting, and the transplanting depth is equal to the nutrient soil surface of the field in step S3; and (5) cultivating soil around the cabbage seedlings after transplanting.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S6, when the transplanter plants the small plant variety, the row spacing is 400X400 mm; when a large variety is cultivated, the row spacing of the plants is 500 multiplied by 450 mm; the width of the corresponding ridge surface of the transplanter is 800 or 1400 cm.
8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the step S7 is followed by a step S8 of harvesting cabbage with a cabbage harvester having a head diameter of 12cm or more and a weight of 0.5kg or more per plant.
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| CN103210765A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-yield and high-efficiency method of cultivating overwintering common head cabbage in open field |
| CN103283466A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Continuous cropping method for triple cropping of cabbage, green soybean and marigold |
| CN103749105A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-04-30 | 高长生 | Open field high-quality and high-efficient cultivation technique for cabbages |
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| CN103210765A (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2013-07-24 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-yield and high-efficiency method of cultivating overwintering common head cabbage in open field |
| CN103210765B (en) * | 2013-04-22 | 2014-07-02 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | High-yield and high-efficiency method of cultivating overwintering common head cabbage in open field |
| CN103283466A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-11 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Continuous cropping method for triple cropping of cabbage, green soybean and marigold |
| CN103749105A (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2014-04-30 | 高长生 | Open field high-quality and high-efficient cultivation technique for cabbages |
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