CN1089378C - 清洗银或铜的组合物 - Google Patents

清洗银或铜的组合物 Download PDF

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CN1089378C
CN1089378C CN97191050A CN97191050A CN1089378C CN 1089378 C CN1089378 C CN 1089378C CN 97191050 A CN97191050 A CN 97191050A CN 97191050 A CN97191050 A CN 97191050A CN 1089378 C CN1089378 C CN 1089378C
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silver
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sulfydryl
citric acid
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马克·莱恩
马克·比斯顿
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Reckitt Benckiser UK Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/10Other heavy metals
    • C23G1/103Other heavy metals copper or alloys of copper
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/04Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties combined with or containing other objects
    • C11D17/041Compositions releasably affixed on a substrate or incorporated into a dispensing means
    • C11D17/042Water soluble or water disintegrable containers or substrates containing cleaning compositions or additives for cleaning compositions
    • C11D17/044Solid compositions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11DDETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16Organic compounds
    • C11D3/34Organic compounds containing sulfur
    • C11D3/349Organic compounds containing sulfur additionally containing nitrogen atoms, e.g. nitro, nitroso, amino, imino, nitrilo, nitrile groups containing compounds or their derivatives or thio urea
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23GCLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G1/00Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
    • C23G1/02Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
    • C23G1/10Other heavy metals

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
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Abstract

一种用于含银或含铜的表面的化学清洗组合物,其由含有硫脲或其衍生物的水溶性固体或粉末组成,并配制成单元使用形式,如片剂或囊剂。优选的组合物含有最高60%的硫脲或其衍生物;最高4%的表面活性剂;不超过40%的酸化剂;小于20%的崩解剂;最高10%的粘合剂;0-1%润滑剂;和最高40%的润滑剂。

Description

清洗银或铜的组合物
本发明涉及清洗由银或铜以及基于银或铜的合金(如黄铜)制成的表面,更具体地(但不仅仅地),提供适于清洗银制品(如那些用于装饰、装璜或功能性目的的制品)的组合物和制剂。这些表面待清洗的银制品可以例如是由纯银,固体银(solid silver)、电镀镍银合金(EPNS)或黄铜制成的。经常用银或基于银的金属制成的制品的具体例子是刀叉餐具、酒杯、烛台、小雕像、相框和珠宝饰物。为方便起见,本发明下面介绍清洗银表面,但应懂得:如已经提到的,本发明具有更宽的适用性。
众所周知银的一个缺点是在常压条件下在其表面上有形成黑色涂层(失去光泽)。很快就失去光泽且难以除去。
现有技术中清洗银制件的组合物常规的两类,即(a)磨蚀抛光剂,和(b)处理失去光泽的有机溶剂。除了这些外,还使用电化学方法。抛光剂磨蚀了失去光泽层且也可能磨损了银本身,这对EPNS更是一个问题,因为所用的细小磨蚀材料沉积在这些制件表面复杂的装饰面,很难从其上除去。
目前最常用的化学溶剂形式是“浸渍洗液”;这些是酸溶液,其主要活性组份是硫脲(NH2CSNH2)。
硫脲和其衍生物已用于清洗金属表面许多年。最熟知的是在含铁金属的酸洗处理中用作抑制剂。例如,1926年11月30日的US专利1,608,622(Schmidt等人)公开了使用硫脲及硫酸来酸浸铁和钢。
1937年2月23日的US专利2,071,966(Bolton)公开了使用含有氢化芳基的取代硫脲和酸来清洗金属表面。
1971年8月18日的GB1,242,920(Abbot Laboratories)公开了使用硫脲衍生物作为铁和铝金属壳体的腐蚀抑制剂,特别是用于油田方面。推荐用于抑制剂以形成油井保护套的一种技术是形成含有抑制剂和粘合剂的“粘贴”;然后把这些粘贴放入油井管子里。落入油井底部后,该粘贴分解或熔化以释放出抑制剂。适于制备这些抑制剂粘贴的优选粘合剂是氧化铅、石油蜡和沥青。
1953年2月10日的US专利2,628,199(Lowenheim)公开了用于含银和铜金属表面的清洗组合物,该组合物含有约3-5重量份硫脲及1重量份的pK为1-5的常用的固体酸;这里所公开的优选酸是柠檬酸、酒石酸和草酸。
更先进的浸渍清洗剂是一种液体制剂。把失去光泽的银制剂浸渍在该制剂中以除去失去光泽的层,得到一个清洁的金属表面。这些浸渍清洗剂有许多严重的缺陷。把它们放置在家中是很危险的、若溅出引起表面损坏、随着时间流逝有沉淀的趋势、使用后在产品上失去光泽层难看的堆集。另外,无法知道什么时候活性组份用完了。
因此本发明力图以这样一种形式提供一种银清洗剂,该清洗剂在不损坏表面的情况下除去失去光泽层,且在表面结构和装饰件中不留下沉积物,且进一步避免或至少改善了上述提到的处理和储存问题。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于银或铜或其合金表面的水溶性化学清洗组合物,该组合物为片剂形式,其包含化学清洗剂、阴离子表面活性剂和酸化剂,其特征在于该化学清洗剂选自硫脲、甲基硫脲和乙基硫脲的一种或多种,阴离子表面活性剂为月桂基硫酸钠,酸化剂包含柠檬酸和氨基磺酸的组合物。
通过如下操作配制待用的组合物,把该组合物溶解在水中,并把该得到的溶液涂在待清洗的制品上,局部或者把该制品浸渍在该溶液中(即浸渍),后者是更常用的技术。
本发明的清洗组合物储存在家中相对安全(在储存时不会溅出),每次使用配制新鲜的组合物以得到或接近理论最大值的清洗性能,并随着时间流逝不会有残余物沉积。另外,如果用户希望的话他或她可根据制品失去光泽的程度或待清洗的制品来选择配制溶液的浓度。当本发明组合物制成片剂时,这一点特别容易达到。
本发明的清洗组合物可让用户按每次所需要的或多或少进行配制,例如通过使用一或多片,由此使用户不受所提供容器的尺寸限制,该容器如同常规浸渍物品所提供的一样。
优选本发明的清洗组合物包括除了活性组份以外的几个组份;这些另外的组份包括崩解剂。也可优选地含有防止该金属表面进一步失去光泽的材料;这些抑制失去光泽的材料包括:例如,烷基硫醇、烷基-芳基硫醇、羟基取代的巯基硫化物、巯基-有机硅氧烷和巯基硫醚。在该制剂还可包括一种或多种稀释剂。
对于该组合物的所有主要组份,当混合在一起时必须呈固体状或粉末状;并且它们是可水溶的。优选在溶解该组合物时不形成残余物;然而,如果其少数几种组份产生少量但分得很细的残余物时(通常存在量小于2%(重量)),该清洗组合物也将满意地工作。为了提高效果,硫脲(或硫脲衍生物)和任何存在的表面活性剂和酸化剂必须完全溶于水中。
优选的崩解剂包括淀粉、阳离子交换树脂、交联的聚乙烯吡啶烷酮、纤维素材料、与柠檬酸或酒石酸联合的碱金属碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐。
优选的稀释剂包括磷酸氢钙、乳糖、微结晶纤维素、氯化钠和硫酸钾。
本发明的清洗组合物被制成片剂,并除了上述组份外还典型地包括助流剂、香料、润滑剂和粘结剂。它们还可包括一种或多种染料和/或颜料。
当配制成片剂时,本发明的清洗组合物具体地含有下列组份(所有的百分数为重量百分数)。
清洗剂(如硫脲):小于60%,优选10-50%;
表面活性剂:小于4.0%,优选0.15-0.5%阴离子表面活性剂,为月桂基硫酸钠;
酸化剂:小于40%的总酸,具体15-30%的氨基磺酸和柠檬酸总酸。
崩解剂:小于20%,优选5-12%总量的碱金属碳酸盐和/或碳酸氢盐。
粘合剂:小于10%,方便地为3-7%聚乙二醇4,000。
稀释剂:小于40%,优选10-20%,具体是硫酸钾。
润滑剂:小于1%,优选0.05-0.2%。
香料:小于1%。
染料/颜料:小于1%。
实施例
下面实施例示例性介绍了一种本发明的制剂(所有%为重量百分数):
50%硫脲
0.25%月桂基硫酸钠
17%氨基磺酸
5.5%柠檬酸
5.4%碳酸钠
2.8%碳酸氢钠
4.0%聚乙二醇4000
15%硫酸钠
如果需要,可把该组合物的部分或全部进行初始预成粒或预压实步骤。用常规的压实装置,如标准的旋转压缩机如“Perfecta 1000,”(由WilhelmFette GmbH制造),把该制剂制成片。粉末的初始压缩(预压缩)通常不超过40KN,主压缩不超过120KN。得到的片剂的硬度通常至少为140N并且优选地为约180N。
根据下列方案测试该制成的片剂:
把两个4.0克的片剂溶解96克热水(50℃)中,得到pH为2.0的硫脲的4%溶液。把该溶液成分几个等份,来测试各种形式的失去光泽的银器,具体是固体银汤匙、银手饰和EPNS刀叉餐具。在每一种情况下,该溶液有效地除去失去光泽层,使所有制品都发亮且清洁。

Claims (6)

1、一种用于银或铜或其合金表面的水溶性化学清洗组合物,该组合物为片剂形式,其包含化学清洗剂、阴离子表面活性剂和酸化剂,其特征在于该化学清洗剂选自硫脲、甲基硫脲和乙基硫脲的一种或多种,阴离子表面活性剂为月桂基硫酸钠,酸化剂包含柠檬酸和氨基磺酸的组合物。
2、权利要求1的组合物,其还包括至少一种崩解剂,该崩解剂选自淀粉、阳离子交换树脂、交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、纤维素材料、联合有柠檬酸或酒石酸的碱金属碳酸盐。
3、权利要求1的组合物,其还包括至少一种稀释剂,该稀释剂选自磷酸氢钙、乳糖、微结晶纤维素、氯化钠和硫酸钾。
4、权利要求3的组合物,其还包括至少一种晦暗抑制剂,该晦暗抑制剂选自烷基硫醇、烷基-芳基硫醇、羟基取代的巯基硫化物、巯基有机硅和巯基硫醚。
5、权利要求1的组合物,其还包括一种或多种选自下列的试剂:助流剂、香料、润滑剂、包括了聚乙二醇4000的粘合剂、染料和颜料。
6、权利要求1的组合物,以重量/重量计,其包括:
i)10-50%的硫脲;
ii)0.15-0.5%的月桂基硫酸钠;
iii)15-30%的氨基磺酸和柠檬酸;
iv)5-12%的碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠;
v)3-7%的聚乙二醇4000;
vi)10-20%的硫酸钾;
vii)0-1%的润滑剂;
viii)0-1%的香料;和
ix)0-1%的染料。
CN97191050A 1996-06-08 1997-06-04 清洗银或铜的组合物 Expired - Fee Related CN1089378C (zh)

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GB9612016A GB2313844A (en) 1996-06-08 1996-06-08 Cleaning composition
GB9612016.7 1996-06-08

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EP (1) EP0848763B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1089378C (zh)
AR (1) AR007510A1 (zh)
AU (1) AU720581B2 (zh)
CA (1) CA2233690C (zh)
DE (1) DE69704604T2 (zh)
ES (1) ES2156383T3 (zh)
GB (1) GB2313844A (zh)
ID (1) ID17089A (zh)
NZ (1) NZ329911A (zh)
WO (1) WO1997047786A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA974943B (zh)

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CN104047005A (zh) * 2014-06-23 2014-09-17 梧州恒声电子科技有限公司 一种铜及其铜合金除油的方法
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CN107400892A (zh) * 2017-07-26 2017-11-28 江苏盐城环保科技城重金属防治研究中心 一种纯银制品表面变色的处理方法
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CN110747485A (zh) * 2018-07-23 2020-02-04 冷银智造(深圳)有限公司 一种除去银制品表面色斑污迹的膏剂
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EP0848763A1 (en) 1998-06-24
GB9612016D0 (en) 1996-08-07
US5958854A (en) 1999-09-28
MX9801813A (es) 1998-08-30
CA2233690C (en) 2007-01-09
GB2313844A (en) 1997-12-10
DE69704604D1 (de) 2001-05-23
AU720581B2 (en) 2000-06-08
CA2233690A1 (en) 1997-12-18
NZ329911A (en) 1999-11-29
EP0848763B1 (en) 2001-04-18
ES2156383T3 (es) 2001-06-16
DE69704604T2 (de) 2001-09-13
ID17089A (id) 1997-12-04
AR007510A1 (es) 1999-11-10
ZA974943B (en) 1997-12-30
AU2972997A (en) 1998-01-07
WO1997047786A1 (en) 1997-12-18
CN1198783A (zh) 1998-11-11

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