CN108901233B - Method for improving soil fertility of autumn pear garden - Google Patents
Method for improving soil fertility of autumn pear garden Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108901233B CN108901233B CN201810805074.0A CN201810805074A CN108901233B CN 108901233 B CN108901233 B CN 108901233B CN 201810805074 A CN201810805074 A CN 201810805074A CN 108901233 B CN108901233 B CN 108901233B
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- nutrition
- filling
- circular hole
- holes
- rod
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/45—Form not covered by groups C05G5/10 - C05G5/18, C05G5/20 - C05G5/27, C05G5/30 - C05G5/38 or C05G5/40, e.g. soluble or permeable packaging
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden, which comprises the following steps: s1, unfolding and stacking waste fruit tree branch wood chips, scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the wood chips, uniformly stirring, and adding a sugar solution to obtain a nutrient material; s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient bar; s3, vertically punching 10-15 cm circular holes with the diameter of 2-3 cm at positions corresponding to 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm and 50-55 cm of the depth position of the underground surface of the orchard on the side face of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the step S2, and filling different element fertilizers to obtain the nutrition rod; s4, digging 3-5 storage and cultivation holes in the shadow range of a crown in the sprouting period of a autumn pear, filling a nutrition rod in each hole, filling soil between the nutrition rod and each hole, covering a plastic film on each nutrition rod, earthing up the periphery of each nutrition rod to form a pot bottom, cutting an injection hole on each plastic film, and filling urea. The invention can improve the soil nutrition and moisture of the orchard garden and provide good conditions for the development of the root system of the fruit tree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden.
Background
The northern area of China is a typical continental monsoon climate, and natural disasters of rain shortage and drought are frequent. The autumn pears are used as important economic tree species in northern areas and are mostly planted on mountain hillside hilly fields and river beach sand lands with poor ground standing conditions, the orchard soil is shallow, the organic matter content of the soil is mostly below 1%, the water and fertilizer retention are poor, and the poor orchard fertilizer and water conditions seriously influence the normal development of the autumn pear trees.
The existing orchard soil fertility improvement technology mainly buries straws in soil, mineralizes organic materials through microbial decomposition, continuously supplies soil nutrients for fruit trees, cannot realize absorption peak of certain elements of different soil depths by root systems, and cannot realize maximization of nutrient absorption efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for improving the soil fertility of a autumn pear garden, which has obvious effect, simple and easy technical operation and obvious economic benefit.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, spreading and stacking the weighed waste fruit tree branch sawdust, scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the sawdust, adding a sugar solution, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a nutrient material, wherein the mass ratio of the sawdust to the wheat bran to the sugar to the calcium sulfate to the water is 75-80: 15-20: 0.5-1: 1-2: 60-70;
s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient bar;
s3, vertically drilling a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole and a fourth circular hole which are 10-15 cm deep and 2-3 cm in diameter at positions 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm and 50-55 cm deep under the ground surface of the orchard respectively on the side surface of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the S2, filling calcium fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer into the first circular hole, the second circular hole, the third circular hole and the fourth circular hole respectively, wherein the filling amount is 20-30 g, and the nutrition rod is obtained;
and S4, digging 3-5 storage and cultivation holes in the shade range of tree crowns in the sprouting period of autumn pears every year, removing barrel bags from the nutrition bars obtained in the step S3, filling the nutrition bars with the removed barrel bags into the storage and cultivation holes, filling soil between the nutrition bars and the holes, covering a plastic film on the nutrition bars, ridging the periphery of the nutrition bars to form a pot bottom, cutting injection holes in the plastic film, and filling urea into the injection holes.
Preferably, in S2, the tub bag is a polyethylene film tub bag.
Preferably, in S2, the diameter of the nutrition bar is 20-25 cm, and the height is 55-60 cm.
Preferably, in S3, the mass of the nutrition bar is 3-4 kg.
Preferably, in S4, the injection hole is located at the lowest part of the pan bottom shape, and the lowest part of the pan bottom shape is located at the middle of the top end of the nutrition bar.
Preferably, in S4, the storage and cultivation holes are circular holes, and the diameter of the storage and cultivation holes is 30-40 cm and the depth is 60-70 cm.
Preferably, in S4, the dosage of urea is 138-184 g.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
(1) according to the invention, the organic material nutrition rod is buried in the soil under the tree disc, the organic material nutrition rod is used as a nutrient enrichment center, a large number of nutrient ions are released after microbial decomposition, and various humus colloids can be formed under the action of microbial enzymes, so that the effect of improving the soil is achieved, and more water and fertilizer conditions are provided for root systems; according to nutrient absorption peaks of the autumn pear root system in different soil layers, holes are punched in the corresponding positions of the nutrient rods in the lateral direction, fertilizers with different elements are filled into the holes, the absorption of the roots on nutrients and moisture in vertical and horizontal layers is realized, a good root system configuration and a good root system function are formed, and therefore the growth and development level of trees is improved. The yield and quality of the overground part are promoted to be improved, after the soil is treated by the method, the quantity of fine roots of pears around the holes is improved by more than 3 times compared with a control, and the overground part has good performance in trunk circumference, crown diameter, branch composition and the like.
(2) The organic material nutrient rod disclosed by the invention adopts agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, is simple and practical, has strong operability, and can effectively solve the problem of fruit tree waste treatment, further avoid the occurrence of fire, improve the safety and reduce the economic loss.
(3) Compared with the normal orchard management, the orchard treated by the method saves fertilizer by 60 percent and water by more than 90 percent, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects and advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden, which comprises the following steps:
s1, spreading and stacking the weighed waste fruit tree branch sawdust, scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the sawdust, adding a sugar solution, adding water, and uniformly stirring by using a shovel to obtain a nutrient material, wherein the mass ratio of the sawdust to the wheat bran to the sugar to the calcium sulfate to the water is 78:20:1:1.5: 65;
s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a polyethylene film barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient rod, wherein the diameter of the primary nutrient rod is 20cm, and the height of the primary nutrient rod is 55 cm;
s3, vertically drilling a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole and a fourth circular hole which are 10cm deep and 2cm in diameter at positions 20cm, 30cm, 40cm and 50cm corresponding to the underground depth position of the orchard on the side face of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the S2, respectively filling calcium element fertilizer, phosphorus element fertilizer, nitrogen element fertilizer and potassium element fertilizer into the first circular hole, the second circular hole, the third circular hole and the fourth circular hole, wherein the filling amount is 20g, and the mass of the nutrition rod is 3 kg;
s4, in the sprouting period of autumn pears, 4 circular storage and cultivation holes are dug in the shadow range of tree crowns, the diameter of each storage and cultivation hole is 30cm, the depth of each storage and cultivation hole is 60cm, a barrel bag is removed from the nutrition rod obtained in the step S3 (the root system of a fruit tree can be conveniently distributed to a nutrient and moisture enrichment area, and nutrients in soil can be absorbed and utilized), the nutrition rod with the barrel bag removed is filled into the storage and cultivation holes, soil is filled between the nutrition rod and the holes, then a plastic film is covered on the nutrition rod, the soil is cultivated around the nutrition rod to be in a pot bottom shape, the lowest position of the nutrition rod is located in the middle of the top end of the nutrition rod, then an injection hole is cut in the plastic film, 138g of urea is added into a solution to be filled into the injection hole.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden, which comprises the following steps:
s1, spreading and stacking the weighed waste fruit tree branch sawdust, scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the sawdust, adding a sugar solution, adding water, and uniformly stirring by using a shovel to obtain a nutrient material, wherein the mass ratio of the sawdust to the wheat bran to the sugar to the calcium sulfate to the water is 75:15:0.5:1: 60;
s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a polyethylene film barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient rod with the diameter of 25cm and the height of 58 cm;
s3, vertically drilling a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole and a fourth circular hole which are 10cm deep and 2cm in diameter at positions corresponding to 25cm, 35cm, 45cm and 55cm deep under the surface of the orchard on the side face of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the S2, respectively, and correspondingly filling calcium fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer into the first circular hole, the second circular hole, the third circular hole and the fourth circular hole, wherein the filling amount is 25g, so that the nutrition rod is obtained, and the mass of the nutrition rod is 4 kg;
s4, in the sprouting period of autumn pears, 3 circular storage and cultivation holes are dug in the shadow range of tree crowns, the diameter of each storage and cultivation hole is 40cm, the depth of each storage and cultivation hole is 70cm, a barrel bag is removed from the nutrition rod obtained in the step S3 (the root system of a fruit tree can be conveniently distributed to a nutrient and moisture enrichment area, and nutrients in soil can be absorbed and utilized), the nutrition rod with the barrel bag removed is filled into the storage and cultivation holes, soil is filled between the nutrition rod and the holes, then a plastic film is covered on the nutrition rod, the soil is cultivated around the nutrition rod to be in a pot bottom shape, the lowest position of the nutrition rod is located in the middle of the top end of the nutrition rod, then an injection hole is cut in the plastic film, 184g of urea is added into a solution to be filled into the injection hole.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden, which comprises the following steps:
s1, spreading and stacking the weighed waste fruit tree branch wood chips, then scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the wood chips, adding a sugar solution, then adding water, and uniformly stirring by using a shovel to obtain a nutrient material, wherein the mass ratio of the wood chips, the wheat bran, the sugar, the calcium sulfate and the water is 80:20:1:2: 70;
s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a polyethylene film barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient rod with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 60 cm;
s3, vertically drilling a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole and a fourth circular hole which are 10cm deep and 2cm in diameter at positions 30cm, 40cm, 50cm and 55cm corresponding to the underground depth position of the orchard on the side face of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the S2, respectively filling calcium element fertilizer, phosphorus element fertilizer, nitrogen element fertilizer and potassium element fertilizer into the first circular hole, the second circular hole, the third circular hole and the fourth circular hole, wherein the filling amount is 20g, and the mass of the nutrition rod is 4 kg;
s4, in the sprouting period of autumn pears, 4 circular storage and cultivation holes are dug in the shadow range of tree crowns, the diameter of each storage and cultivation hole is 30cm, the depth of each storage and cultivation hole is 65cm, a barrel bag is removed from the nutrition rod obtained in the step S3 (the root system of a fruit tree can be conveniently distributed to a nutrient and moisture enrichment area, and nutrient absorption and utilization in soil are facilitated), the nutrition rod with the barrel bag removed is filled into the storage and cultivation holes, soil is filled between the nutrition rod and the holes, then a plastic film is covered on the nutrition rod, the soil is cultivated around the nutrition rod to be in a pot bottom shape, the lowest position of the nutrition rod is located in the middle of the top end of the nutrition rod, then an injection hole is cut in the plastic film, 184g of urea is added into a solution to be filled into the injection hole.
The method for improving the soil fertility of the autumn pear garden provided in example 1 is taken as an example to explain the improvement effect of the method on the soil fertility of the autumn pear garden and the influence of the method on the autumn pear trees
The nutrition bar prepared in example 1 is buried in Shenyang agricultural autumn pear orchard, and the physical and chemical indexes of orchard soil are detected, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 orchard soil physicochemical index result statistical table
As can be seen from Table 1, the change regularity of the soil available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium is obvious. Wherein the soil nutrient content of 0-20 cm soil layers in the CK group (soil which is not treated by the nutrient bars in the orchard) is higher than that of 20-40cm layers; but the change laws of the soil nutrients treated by the nutrient bars are different, the quick-acting nitrogen and the quick-acting potassium in soil layers of 0-20 cm are respectively 1.64 times and 1.89 times of those in soil layers of 20-40cm, the content of the quick-acting phosphorus is opposite, and the content of the quick-acting phosphorus in the soil layers of 0-20 cm is lower than that in the soil layers of 20-40 cm; the nutrients of all layers of soil treated by the culture rod are higher than those of CK group; in addition, the relative water content of each soil layer treated by the nutrition rod is higher than that of a CK control group, and the volume weight of the soil is integrally expressed as that the soil layer of 20-40cm is larger than that of 0-20 cm. Meanwhile, the volume weight difference of two layers of soil treated by CK is large, and the volume weight difference of soil treated by the nutrient rod in each soil layer is relatively small, so that the ventilation effect of the soil is facilitated; the number of the fine roots of pears around the holes processed by the cultivating rod is improved by more than 3 times compared with that of the fine roots of the pears in the CK group, and the trunk circumference, the crown diameter, the branch composition and the like of the overground part are all more excellent.
In conclusion, the nutrition bar is prepared by utilizing the waste trees and branches rich in cellulose and lignin, and the carbon source supplement of soil can be maintained for a long time after the nutrition bar is buried in soil. The nutrient elements of different depths of the nutrient rod are supplemented, the fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved at fixed points, and the method for improving the soil fertility of the pear orchard is mainly used in the growing season of pear trees, can improve the local nutrition and moisture conditions of orchard soil, and provides good conditions for the root development of fruit trees and nutrient transportation.
It should be noted that when the following claims refer to numerical ranges, it should be understood that both ends of each numerical range and any value between the two ends can be selected, and since the steps and methods used are the same as those of the embodiments, the preferred embodiments and effects thereof are described in the present invention for the sake of avoiding redundancy, but once the basic inventive concept is known, those skilled in the art may make other changes and modifications to the embodiments. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, spreading and stacking the weighed waste fruit tree branch sawdust, scattering wheat bran and calcium sulfate on the sawdust, adding a sugar solution, adding water, and uniformly stirring to obtain a nutrient material, wherein the mass ratio of the sawdust to the wheat bran to the sugar to the calcium sulfate to the water is 75-80: 15-20: 0.5-1: 1-2: 60-70;
s2, filling the nutrient material obtained in the S1 into a barrel bag, compacting, and sealing the opening end of the barrel bag to obtain a primary nutrient bar;
in S2, the barrel bag is a polyethylene film barrel bag; in S2, the diameter of the primary nutrition bar is 20-25 cm, and the height of the primary nutrition bar is 55-60 cm;
s3, vertically drilling a first circular hole, a second circular hole, a third circular hole and a fourth circular hole which are 10-15 cm deep and 2-3 cm in diameter at positions 20-30 cm, 30-40 cm, 40-50 cm and 50-55 cm deep under the ground surface of the orchard respectively on the side surface of the primary nutrition rod obtained in the S2, filling calcium fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer into the first circular hole, the second circular hole, the third circular hole and the fourth circular hole respectively, wherein the filling amount is 20-30 g, and the nutrition rod is obtained;
s4, digging 3-5 storage and cultivation holes in the shadow range of a crown in the sprouting period of autumn pears every year, removing barrel bags from the nutrition bar obtained in the step S3, filling the nutrition bar with the removed barrel bags into the storage and cultivation holes, filling soil between the nutrition bar and the holes, covering a plastic film on the nutrition bar, earthing up the periphery of the nutrition bar to form a pot bottom, cutting injection holes in the plastic film, and filling urea into the injection holes;
in S4, the dosage of the urea is 138-184 g.
2. The method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the mass of the nutrition bar is 3-4 kg.
3. The method of improving soil fertility of a aubergine pear garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein the injection hole is located at the lowest part of the pan bottom shape and the lowest part of the pan bottom shape is located at the middle of the top end of the nutrition bar in S4.
4. The method for improving soil fertility of a autumn pear garden as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S4, the storage and cultivation holes are circular holes, the diameter of the storage and cultivation holes is 30-40 cm, and the depth of the storage and cultivation holes is 60-70 cm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810805074.0A CN108901233B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Method for improving soil fertility of autumn pear garden |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810805074.0A CN108901233B (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Method for improving soil fertility of autumn pear garden |
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| CN113133398A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-20 | 何为 | Multifunctional nutrition bar and application thereof |
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| PT1317404E (en) * | 2000-09-12 | 2008-11-10 | Don Wiley Smith | Methods and mixtures for treating distressed trees |
| CN105918043A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 四川印山红农业科技有限公司 | Hole-drilling fertilization method for fruit tree |
| CN107509571A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2017-12-26 | 张永刚 | A kind of apple hole storage section, which fills, matches somebody with somebody fertile dry farming integrated technology |
| CN106431570A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 李建丽 | Rod fertilizer special for jujube trees and preparing method thereof |
| CN108064522A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2018-05-25 | 青岛凯利尔生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for mechanical application of organic fertilizer |
| CN108059565A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-22 | 沈阳市园林科学研究院 | A kind of garden greenland soil improvement stick and preparation method thereof and application |
| CN108243924A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-07-06 | 山西苗褓褓环保技术有限公司 | The method that stalk fibre fertilizer pipe is used for orchard subsoil application |
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