CN108887677A - 一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108887677A CN108887677A CN201810774398.2A CN201810774398A CN108887677A CN 108887677 A CN108887677 A CN 108887677A CN 201810774398 A CN201810774398 A CN 201810774398A CN 108887677 A CN108887677 A CN 108887677A
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- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于食品制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法,按质量份数由黑豆50‑60份、纳豆菌粉15‑20份、水5‑10份、胡萝卜10‑15份、西兰花15‑20份、猴菇10‑15份、螺旋藻5‑10份、绵白糖1‑5份组成。本发明以纳豆的形式加工黑豆,很大程度上保持黑豆中功能性成分的活性;增加黑豆纳豆食品种类,丰富了黑豆纳豆食品的营养价值,通过胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇、螺旋藻、绵白糖的辅料调配黑豆纳豆的口感,使其本土化更适合我国消费者的感官需求,扩大消费群体从而推广健康的纳豆食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法。
背景技术
目前,业内常用的现有技术是这样的:
黑豆,又名乌豆、黑豆、冬豆子,为豆科植物大豆的黑色种子,可分为青仁和黄仁两种。研究表明,青仁品种营养及活性成分优于黄仁品种。我省黑豆具有资源优势,品种类型多,数量大,在佳木斯市设有黑豆种植基地。其种植面积46000多亩,年产量8000多吨。
黑豆有具有特殊营养成分、极高的药用功能和经济价值。因其具有丰富的蛋白质而享有“植物蛋白之王”的美誉。黑豆富含异黄酮和黄酮混合物、大量的食物纤维和不饱和脂肪酸、丰富的蛋白质、多种矿物质和微量元素。黑豆中富含人体所需20种氨基酸,其中含有的人体必需氨基酸有七种,超过FAO/WTO均衡模式标准,有一种接近标准模式。特别是丙氨酸、精氨酸等必需氨基酸在黑豆中的其组成与动物蛋白很接近,并且占氨基酸总量的40%以上。脂肪含量达15%,脂肪酸总量的80%以上是不饱和脂肪酸,其中必需脂肪酸亚油酸含量占55%以上,吸收率高达95%以上,除能满足人体对脂肪的需要外,还有降低血中胆固醇的作用。此外,黑豆还具有多种功能因子包括微量元素、维生素、和大豆皂甙等。黑豆经常被古人利用来治病强体。《本草纲目》记载“黑豆入肾功多,故能治水、消胀、下气,治风热而活血解毒”,现代研究已经证实,黑豆具有很高的抗氧化活性、抑制心血管紊乱、提高记忆力、促进骨髓再生、减少癌细胞新生血管形成等多种生理功能。黑豆除具有补充人体必需氨基酸的食用价值外,还具有更加奇特的药用价值,近年被医药工业广泛的应用。目前黑豆以其全面的营养在食品领域也逐渐成为关注的热点,目前市场上的黑豆加工产品多以豆浆、豆粉、内酯豆腐的产品形式存在。
纳豆是大豆经过纳豆芽孢杆菌发酵后制成的,传统的纳豆是以大豆作为主要原料,含有10%的亚油酸及大豆蛋白肽、卵磷脂、豆固醇、维生素、食物纤维等,这些物质能够有效降低人体内的血脂。纳豆中有丰富的维生素E、维生素B、维生素K等多种维生素,还含有纳豆激酶、γ-多聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)、生物多糖、超氧化物歧化酶、异黄酮、皂甙、卵磷脂、亚油酸、亚麻酸等上百种生理活性物质。纳豆中大都不包含胆固醇,有研究表明,每天吃100g左右的纳豆,可以使血清中的胆固醇降低20%,能够有效改善人体健康。而且纳豆含有大量蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物,分别约达到31%、20%和23%,还含有各种微量元素,如1g纳豆中含有3.31mg钙、5.03mg磷和0.14mg铁,并且纳豆中的蛋白质一半以上都是水溶性的,且含有全部的必须氨基酸。在功能性上,已经有研究表明纳豆具有溶血栓、抗肿瘤、降血压防止骨质疏松和促凝血、抗菌消毒和调节肠功能的功效。
纳豆起源于中国,唐代鉴真和尚东渡日本传经,带去了中国的纳豆,开始在日本的寺院里传播,后来才慢慢在民间掀起。Sawamura是第一个将纳豆中筛选出的杆菌命名纳豆杆菌的研究学者,Muto后来研究发现纳豆杆菌属于枯草芽孢杆菌属,为需氧型革兰氏阳性菌[15]。自从1934年北海道大学农学部半询教授首次成功地将分离的纯种纳豆苗(Bacillusnatto No.1)使用于纳豆的工业化生产后,至今已知与纳豆生产相关的主要纯菌种包括:Bacillus subtils IFO 3007、Bacillus nattoSawamura 06、Bacillus natto SawamuraIFO 3339等。1987年日本富崎医科大学须见洋行等首先发现纳豆激酶(nattokinase,NK),随之将提取出的纳豆激酶应用于狗的血栓作用,证明是一种有纤溶活性的酶制剂,所以定名为纳豆激酶。近年来国内外关于纳豆功能性的相关研究大多围绕纳豆激酶进行。其中最受关注的是纳豆激酶在溶解血栓方面的显著效果。目前,我国已有不少科研单位和企业已开始着力于纳豆的研发,在纳豆激酶基因的克隆、表达、纯化及表达产物的产量和活性方面取得了很大进展。
综上所述,现有技术存在的问题是:
(1)目前市场上的黑豆产品多以豆粉、豆浆等初级产品形式存在,很多黑豆中特有的或优势的功能性成分在加工过程中流失严重。
(2)现有的关于纳豆产品种类较少,口味不佳,营养单调。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供了一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法。
本发明是这样实现的,一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,所述黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆50-60份、纳豆菌粉15-20份、水5-10份、胡萝卜10-15份、西兰花15-20份、猴菇10-15份、螺旋藻5-10份、绵白糖1-5份组成。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法:
步骤一:原料:优质黑豆,纳豆菌粉、胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇、螺旋藻,绵白糖、水;
步骤二:黑豆进行筛选去除不完整颗粒、清洗2-5次、浸泡12h以上、沥水、121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min、冷却至35-40℃,备用;
步骤三:将纳豆菌粉加入处理后的40℃左右的黑豆中,搅拌均匀;
步骤四:发酵,40℃恒温发酵24h以上;
步骤五:后熟,3-4℃冰箱保藏24h后熟,制得黑豆纳豆;
步骤六:胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇经焯水后过冷水,沥水,依次加入黑豆纳豆中搅拌均匀;
步骤七:依次加入螺旋藻、绵白糖搅拌均匀,加水调节黑豆纳豆食品的粘稠度,制得黑豆纳豆食品。
进一步,步骤一中,选取市售优质黑豆,颗粒饱满,有光泽,完整;选取市售普通纳豆菌粉;西兰花、猴菇切小块,胡萝卜切约1cm3块状;螺旋藻为分剂;
进一步,步骤二中,去取颗粒不饱满、不完整的黑豆;浸泡水为黑豆体积的3倍以上;121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min,黑豆蒸熟、灭菌;
进一步,步骤四中,选取40℃为纳豆菌粉适宜温度,发酵24h以上保证发酵完全;
进一步,步骤七中,25℃-35℃加入螺旋藻,螺旋藻最适温度为25℃-35℃。
进一步,所述高压锅在热传导中,被加热零件上任何一点的温度和加热时间及路径的关系为:
其中,k为热传导稀疏,c为比热容,ρ为密度,u为温度,t为时间,a为导温稀疏,x,y,z是热量传播的路径;高压锅没的热源,强度为F(x,y,z,t),则对应的热传导方程为:
其中,
所述高压锅的感应加热模型为:
简化为:
由于是轴对称模型,所以
综上所述,本发明的优点及积极效果为:
本发明提供的一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法,以纳豆的形式加工黑豆,很大程度上保持黑豆中功能性成分的活性;增加黑豆纳豆食品种类,丰富了黑豆纳豆食品的营养价值,通过胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇、螺旋藻、绵白糖的辅料调配黑豆纳豆的口感,使其本土化更适合我国消费者的感官需求,扩大消费群体从而推广健康的纳豆食品。
本发明提供的一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品及制备方法,西兰花富含蛋白质、维生素、糖水化合物、抗坏等,西兰花内还有多种吲哚衍生物,可以降低人体内雌激素水平,预防乳腺癌的发生,增强肝脏的解毒能力,提高机体免疫力;胡萝卜,可以补肝明目,清热解毒;猴菇是一种药食两用的真菌,性平,味甘,利五脏,助消,滋补,抗癌、治疗神经衰弱。螺旋藻提高免疫功能,降低血脂等功效。
本发明的高压锅通过感应加热和热传导理论建立了感应加热的数学模型,并基于MATLAB软件获得了此模型的数值解,最后利用方程的数值解有效分析了感应加热过程中温度场的分布特性,为感应加热技术人员从事感应加热的设计和计算提供了一个有效的方法,为豆纳豆发酵食品的制备提供了保证。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例提供的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法流程图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本发明实施例提供的黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆50-60份、纳豆菌粉15-20份、水5-10份、胡萝卜10-15份、西兰花15-20份、猴菇10-15份、螺旋藻5-10份、绵白糖1-5份组成。
下面结合附图对本发明的应用原理作详细的描述。
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S101:原料:优质黑豆,纳豆菌粉、胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇、螺旋藻,绵白糖、水;
S102:黑豆进行筛选去除不完整颗粒、清洗2-5次、浸泡12h以上、沥水、121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min、冷却至35-40℃,备用;
S013:将纳豆菌粉加入处理后的40℃左右的黑豆中,搅拌均匀;
S104:发酵,40℃恒温发酵24h以上;
S105:后熟,3-4℃冰箱保藏24h后熟,制得黑豆纳豆;
S106:胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇经焯水后过冷水,沥水,依次加入黑豆纳豆中搅拌均匀;
S107:依次加入螺旋藻、绵白糖搅拌均匀,加水调节黑豆纳豆食品的粘稠度,制得黑豆纳豆食品。
步骤S101中,本发明提供的选取市售优质黑豆,颗粒饱满,有光泽,完整;选取市售普通纳豆菌粉;西兰花、猴菇切小块,胡萝卜切约1cm3块状;螺旋藻为分剂
步骤S102中,本发明提供的去取颗粒不饱满、不完整的黑豆;浸泡水为黑豆体积的3倍以上;121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min,黑豆蒸熟、灭菌;
步骤S104中,本发明提供的选取40℃为纳豆菌粉适宜温度,发酵24h以上保证发酵完全;
步骤S107中,本发明提供的25℃-35℃加入螺旋藻,螺旋藻最适温度为25℃-35℃。
所述高压锅在热传导中,被加热零件上任何一点的温度和加热时间及路径的关系为:
其中,k为热传导稀疏,c为比热容,ρ为密度,u为温度,t为时间,a为导温稀疏,x,y,z是热量传播的路径;高压锅没的热源,强度为F(x,y,z,t),则对应的热传导方程为:
其中,
所述高压锅的感应加热模型为:
简化为:
由于是轴对称模型,所以
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆50份、纳豆菌粉15份、水5份、胡萝卜10份、西兰花15份、猴菇10份、螺旋藻5份、绵白糖1份组成。
实施例2
黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆60份、纳豆菌粉20份、水10份、胡萝卜15份、西兰花20份、猴菇15份、螺旋藻10份、绵白糖1-5份组成。
实施例3
黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆55份、纳豆菌粉17.5份、水7.5份、胡萝卜12.5份、西兰花17.5份、猴菇12.5份、螺旋藻7.5份、绵白糖3份组成。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种黑豆纳豆发酵食品,其特征在于,所述黑豆纳豆发酵食品按质量份数由黑豆50-60份、纳豆菌粉15-20份、水5-10份、胡萝卜10-15份、西兰花15-20份、猴菇10-15份、螺旋藻5-10份、绵白糖1-5份组成。
2.一种如权利要求1所述黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法包括:
步骤一:原料选择:优质黑豆,纳豆菌粉、胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇、螺旋藻,绵白糖、水;
步骤二:黑豆进行筛选去除不完整颗粒、清洗2-5次、浸泡12h以上、沥水、121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min、冷却至35-40℃,备用;
步骤三:将纳豆菌粉加入处理后的40℃的黑豆中,搅拌均匀;
步骤四:发酵,40℃恒温发酵24h以上;
步骤五:后熟,3-4℃冰箱保藏24h后熟,制得黑豆纳豆;
步骤六:胡萝卜、西兰花、猴菇经焯水后过冷水,沥水,依次加入黑豆纳豆中搅拌均匀;
步骤七:依次加入螺旋藻、绵白糖搅拌均匀,加水调节黑豆纳豆食品的粘稠度,制得黑豆纳豆食品。
3.如权利要求2所述的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述选取市售优质黑豆,颗粒饱满,有光泽,完整;选取市售普通纳豆菌粉;西兰花、猴菇切小块,胡萝卜切1cm3块状,螺旋藻为分剂。
4.如权利要求2所述的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述去取颗粒不饱满、不完整的黑豆;浸泡水为黑豆体积的3倍以上;121±1℃高压锅蒸煮30min,黑豆蒸熟、灭菌。
5.如权利要求2所述的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述选取40℃为纳豆菌粉适宜温度,发酵24h以上保证发酵完全。
6.如权利要求2所述的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述25℃-35℃加入螺旋藻,螺旋藻温度为25℃-35℃。
7.如权利要求2所述的黑豆纳豆发酵食品的制备方法,其特征在于,所述高压锅在热传导中,被加热零件上任何一点的温度和加热时间及路径的关系为:
其中,k为热传导稀疏,c为比热容,ρ为密度,u为温度,t为时间,a为导温稀疏,x,y,z是热量传播的路径;高压锅没的热源,强度为F(x,y,z,t),则对应的热传导方程为:
其中,
所述高压锅的感应加热模型为:
简化为:
由于是轴对称模型,所以
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