CN108863616A - A kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108863616A CN108863616A CN201811075348.1A CN201811075348A CN108863616A CN 108863616 A CN108863616 A CN 108863616A CN 201811075348 A CN201811075348 A CN 201811075348A CN 108863616 A CN108863616 A CN 108863616A
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- anaerobic fermentation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer, belong to the manufacture field of organic fertilizer, this method includes stalk pretreatment, the preparation of two-phase fermentation and fertilizer, the present invention is combined using anaerobic fermentation-aerobic fermentation-anaerobic fermentation, first carry out the decomposition that anaerobic fermentation is conducive to hemicellulose and cellulose, destroy the internal structure of stalk, basis is provided for subsequent aerobic fermentation, aerobic fermentation is carried out again, undecomposed lignin and the organic matter of more difficult decomposition are all decomposed and become organic acid, it is converted into humic acid, the more stable organic matter such as amino acid, secondary anaerobic fermentation is carried out again, material is attenuated, the process be combineding with each other has reduction engineering cost, organic fertilizer is prepared with excellent fertilizer efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic fertilizer processing technique fields, and in particular to a kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer.
Background technique
Organic fertilizer is mainly derived from plant and (or) animal, and imposing on soil to provide plant nutrient is containing for its major function
Carbon material.Through biological substance, animals and plants waste, plant residue processing, poisonous and harmful substance therein is eliminated, is rich in
A large amount of benefit materials, including:A variety of organic acids, peptides and the nutrient abundant including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium.It can not only
Full nutrition is provided for crops, and fertilizer efficiency is long, can increase and update the soil organism, promote microbial reproduction, improves soil
The physicochemical property and bioactivity of earth are the Main Nutrients of pollution-free food production.
Aerobic fermentation mainly passes through manual control condition, will have using aerobic microbiological (bacterium, fungi, actinomyces etc.)
The process that machine object is aoxidized, decomposed, absorbed, converted, only hemicellulose that when anaerobic fermentation can be utilized by microorganism and
Cellulose, lignin are difficult to the utilization that is degraded.Wherein cellulose is the skeletal substance to form microfibre and constitute cell wall, and half
Cellulose and lignin are then the filler and adhesive between microfibre, hinder hydrolysis stage cellulose and extracellular microbial exoenzyme
Contact, cause hydrolytic process slower, to restrict the development of stalk fermentation.
The application of aerobic-anaerobic association response has focused largely on the higher waste water of content of organics and containing drop in distress at present
In terms of the wastewater treatment for solving organic matter, the application in fermenting crops straws technique is but studied less.
Summary of the invention
According to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a kind of stalk two-phase fermentation
The method for preparing fertilizer solves the prior art by using the method that anaerobic fermentation-aerobic fermentation-anaerobic fermentation combines
In about stalk two-phase fermentation research lack.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer, this method include stalk pretreatment, two-phase fermentation, the system of fertilizer
Standby, specific step is as follows:
1) stalk pretreatment:Agriculture object stalk is crushed, stalk grain and imidazoles salting liquid and activated sludge are stirred
Mixing is mixed, and carries out bored profit 18-26h at 85-95 DEG C of temperature, separating twice is carried out after bored profit, obtains mixing;
2) two-phase is fermented:Mixing is placed in fermentor, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 40-55%, pH 7.5-
8, it seals anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days, air is passed through into fermentor while being stirred, maintain 5-8 days, seal secondary anaerobic fermentation
10-15 days, terminate fermentation, active carbon powder is then sprayed into fermentor, continues sealing 1-2 days;
3) preparation of fertilizer:Fermentation material progress natural air drying to water content is lower than after 30% and is being crushed, will be crushed
Fermentation material afterwards is proportionally added into a great number of elements, microelement, humic acid and potassium fulvate, after being uniformly mixed, sprays table
Face activating agent, is uniformly mixed, and is granulated, dried, cooled down, sieves and packed.
Preferably, the partial size of the stalk grain is 3-8mm.
Preferably, the imidazoles salting liquid is that N-methylmorpholine-N- aoxidizes monohydrate, 1- normal-butyl -3- methylimidazole
At least two aqueous solution of chloride or 1- allyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride, concentration 15-25%, additive amount is straw
The 25-35% of stalk grain quality pre-processes stalk using ionic liquid, improves the degradation rate of lignin, is conducive to subsequent
The progress of fermentation, while ionic liquid is a kind of environmentally friendly pretreating reagent, and required temperature is low during processing,
Less energy-consuming.
Preferably, the partial size of the separating twice is 30-80 mesh.
Preferably, the anaerobic fermentation is conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid using mesophilic digestion, organic
Acid dehydrating condensation under heating power and pressure effect, generates humic acid, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat
Source, energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Preferably, the mode for being passed through air uses intermittent, and air dissolved oxygen amount is 1.6-2.8mg/L, and ventilate 3-
6min is spaced 40-50min.
Preferably, the granularity of the active carbon powder is 300-400 mesh, and deodorization adjusts C/N ratio, is final stage
Fermentation provides the substance energy.
Compared with prior art, present invention has the advantages that:
1. the present invention is combined using anaerobic fermentation-aerobic fermentation-anaerobic fermentation, first carries out anaerobic fermentation and be conducive to half
The decomposition of cellulose and cellulose destroys the internal structure of stalk, provides basis for subsequent aerobic fermentation, then carry out aerobic hair
Undecomposed lignin and the organic matter of more difficult decomposition are all decomposed and become organic acid, be converted into humic acid, amino acid etc. by ferment
More stable organic matter, then secondary anaerobic fermentation is carried out, material is attenuated, the process be combineding with each other has reduction engineering
Cost prepares organic fertilizer with excellent fertilizer efficiency.
2. the present invention pre-processes stalk using using ionic liquid, the degradation rate of lignin is improved, after being conducive to
The progress of supervention ferment, while ionic liquid is a kind of environmentally friendly pretreating reagent, and required temperature during processing
It is low, less energy-consuming.
3. the present invention uses mesophilic digestion, be conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid, organic acid is in heating power and pressure
Power acts on lower dehydrating condensation, generates humic acid, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat source, energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Specific embodiment
It below by the description to embodiment, is described in further detail, to help those skilled in the art to this hair
Bright inventive concept, technical solution have more complete, accurate and deep understanding.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer, this method include stalk pretreatment, two-phase fermentation, the system of fertilizer
Standby, specific step is as follows:
1) stalk pretreatment:Corn, rice, wheat agriculture object stalk are subjected to the stalk grain for being ground into partial size 7mm, by stalk
Being added in grain by mass ratio is 1:1 N-methylmorpholine-N- oxidation monohydrate and 1- allyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride is mixed
The concentration of conjunction is 20% imidazoles saline solution and activated sludge is stirred mixing, and the additive amount of imidazoles saline solution is stalk grain
The 30% of quality, the additive amount of activated sludge are the 15% of stalk grain quality, by uniformly mixed material at 90 DEG C of temperature into
The bored profit 20h of row sprays mixing during bored profit, guarantees that the humidity of mixing carries out secondary powder after 45%, bored profit
It is broken into 80 mesh of partial size, mixing is obtained after being uniformly mixed;Stalk is pre-processed using ionic liquid, improves the drop of lignin
Solution rate is conducive to the progress of subsequent fermentation, while ionic liquid is a kind of environmentally friendly pretreating reagent, and processed
Required temperature is low in journey, less energy-consuming;
2) two-phase is fermented:Mixing is placed in fermentor, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 45%, pH 7.5, sealing
Fermentor, using intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation 12 days, temperature was controlled at 37 DEG C, in anaerobic fermentation process, was not aerated within first 6 days, from the 7th day
Starting every other day aeration, once, until terminating, intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation is conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid, organic acid
The dehydrating condensation under heating power and pressure effect, generates humic acid, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat
Then source, energy-saving and emission-reduction carry out blasting air in such a way that batch type is passed through air into fermentor, are passed through air
Dissolved oxygen amount is 2mg/L, and ventilate 5min every time, and the 45min that rests carries out aerobic fermentation repeatedly, is maintained aerobic fermentation 7 days, after
Continuous sealing carries out the secondary anaerobic fermentation of medium temperature 13 days, and the active carbon powder that granularity is 400 mesh, activity are then sprayed into fermentor
Carbon powder has suction-operated, carries out deodorization to fermentation, and adjustable C/N ratio, substance energy is provided for the fermentation of final stage
Source then proceedes to sealing 2 days;
3) preparation of fertilizer:Fermentation material is released from fermentor, after progress natural air drying to water content is lower than 15%, is added
Enter a great number of elements, microelement, humic acid and potassium fulvate, after being uniformly mixed, sprays alkyl glucoside surfactant agent
Solution, additive amount are the 0.85% of fermentation material, are configured to the solution that concentration is 4% and are sprayed, during spraying solarization and are stirred
It mixes, sprays and continue stirring after shining to being uniformly mixed, obtain finished product material, each effective element is flat in element allotment guarantee organic fertilizer
Weighing apparatus, promote the fertility of organic fertilizer, be conducive to the exclusive use of organic fertilizer, in conjunction with dystopy fermentation preparation fermentation material organic matter,
Promote the organic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency of preparation long, can increase and update the soil organism, microbial reproduction is promoted to improve the physics and chemistry of soil
Matter and bioactivity, and environment protection health, by finished product material be delivered to after pelletizer is granulated, is granulated under temperature 50 C drying,
Room temperature, screening and packaging are naturally cooled to, at solid organic fertilizer.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment with embodiment 1, unlike stalk pretreatment in step (1) in the present embodiment:By corn, rice,
Wheat agriculture object stalk carries out the stalk grain for being ground into partial size 7mm, and will be added in stalk grain by mass ratio is 0.5:1 N- methyl
It is 25% imidazoles saline solution and work that quinoline-N-, which aoxidizes monohydrate and the concentration of 1- allyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride mixing,
Property sludge be stirred mixing, the additive amount of imidazoles saline solution is the 25% of stalk grain quality, and the additive amount of activated sludge is
Uniformly mixed material is carried out bored profit 26h by the 20% of stalk grain quality at 95 DEG C of temperature.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is with embodiment 1, the difference is that two-phase fermentation in step (2) in the present embodiment:Mixing is placed in fermentation
In tank, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 40%, pH 8, sealed fermenter, using intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation 10 days, temperature control
System in anaerobic fermentation process, is not aerated for first 6 days at 37 DEG C, and every other day aeration was primary since the 7th day, until terminating, medium temperature is detested
Aerobe fermentation is conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid, and organic acid dehydrating condensation under heating power and pressure effect generates rotten
Acid is grown, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat source, energy-saving and emission-reduction, then into fermentor using interval
The mode that formula stirring is passed through air carries out blasting air, and the dissolved oxygen amount for being passed through air is 2.8mg/L, and ventilate 3min every time, rests
50min。
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment is with embodiment 2, the difference is that two-phase fermentation in step (2) in the present embodiment:Mixing is placed in fermentation
In tank, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 40%, pH 8, sealed fermenter, using intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation 10 days, temperature control
System in anaerobic fermentation process, is not aerated for first 6 days at 37 DEG C, and every other day aeration was primary since the 7th day, until terminating, medium temperature is detested
Aerobe fermentation is conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid, and organic acid dehydrating condensation under heating power and pressure effect generates rotten
Acid is grown, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat source, energy-saving and emission-reduction, then into fermentor using interval
The mode that formula stirring is passed through air carries out blasting air, and the dissolved oxygen amount for being passed through air is 2.8mg/L, and ventilate 3min every time, rests
50min。
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment is with embodiment 1, the difference is that two-phase fermentation in step (2) in the present embodiment:Mixing is placed in fermentation
In tank, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 40%, pH 8, sealed fermenter, using intermediate temperature anaerobic fermentation 15 days, temperature control
System in anaerobic fermentation process, is not aerated for first 6 days at 37 DEG C, and every other day aeration was primary since the 7th day, until terminating, medium temperature is detested
Aerobe fermentation is conducive to the Degradation and Transformation of organic matter into organic acid, and organic acid dehydrating condensation under heating power and pressure effect generates rotten
Acid is grown, improves the nutriment of organic fertilizer, and without providing external heat source, energy-saving and emission-reduction, then into fermentor using interval
The mode that formula stirring is passed through air carries out blasting air, and the dissolved oxygen amount for being passed through air is 1.6mg/L, and ventilate 6min every time, rests
40min。
Embodiment 6
The present embodiment with embodiment 1, unlike stalk pretreatment in step (1) in the present embodiment:By corn, rice,
Wheat agriculture object stalk carries out the stalk grain for being ground into partial size 7mm, and will be added in stalk grain by mass ratio is 0.8:1.5 N- methyl
Morpholine-N- aoxidize monohydrate and 1- allyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride mixing concentration be 15% imidazoles saline solution and
Activated sludge is stirred mixing, and the additive amount of imidazoles saline solution is the 35% of stalk grain quality, the additive amount of activated sludge
It is the 28% of stalk grain quality, uniformly mixed material is subjected to bored profit 18h at 85 DEG C of temperature.
The key technical indexes of finished product organic fertilizer is as follows:
(1) appearance black or dark brown, it is tasteless;
(2) content of organic matter >=25%, pH value 6-8;
(3) water content 10-16%, miscellaneous bacteria rate < 20%;
(4) the broken power >=8N of particle Mean Crush;
Through measuring, the performance of the organic fertilizer of the present embodiment 1-6 preparation is up to standard, and wherein content of organic matter mean value exists
35.4%, miscellaneous bacteria rate mean value 10.1%, water content 13%, pH value 7.5, anti-crushing power 12.5N, appearance dark brown is tasteless.
The present invention is exemplarily described above, it is clear that present invention specific implementation is not subject to the restrictions described above,
As long as using the improvement for the various unsubstantialities that the inventive concept and technical scheme of the present invention carry out, or not improved this is sent out
Bright conception and technical scheme directly apply to other occasions, within the scope of the present invention.Protection of the invention
Range should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method that the fermentation of stalk two-phase prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that this method includes stalk pretreatment, two-phase hair
Ferment, the preparation of fertilizer, specific step is as follows:
1) stalk pretreatment:Agriculture object stalk is crushed, stalk grain is stirred with imidazoles salting liquid and activated sludge mixed
It closes, and carries out bored profit 18-26h at 85-95 DEG C of temperature, carry out separating twice after bored profit, obtain mixing;
2) two-phase is fermented:Mixing is placed in fermentor, the humidity water content for adjusting mixing is 40-55%, pH 7.5-8, close
Envelope anaerobic fermentation 10-15 days, air is passed through into fermentor while being stirred, and is maintained 5-8 days, is sealed secondary anaerobic fermentation 10-15
It, terminates fermentation, active carbon powder is then sprayed into fermentor, continues sealing 1-2 days;
3) preparation of fertilizer:Fermentation material progress natural air drying to water content is lower than after 30% and is being crushed, it will be smashed
Fermentation material is proportionally added into a great number of elements, microelement, humic acid and potassium fulvate, and after being uniformly mixed, sprinkling surface is living
Property agent, is uniformly mixed, is granulated, dried, cooled down, sieves and packed.
2. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the grain of the stalk grain
Diameter is 3-8mm.
3. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the imidazoles salting liquid
Monohydrate, 1- normal-butyl -3- methylimidazolium chloride or 1- allyl -3- methylimidazole chlorine are aoxidized for N-methylmorpholine-N-
At least two aqueous solution of compound, concentration 15-25%, additive amount are the 25-35% of stalk grain quality.
4. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the separating twice
Partial size is 30-80 mesh.
5. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the anaerobic fermentation is adopted
Use mesophilic digestion.
6. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the air that is passed through
For mode using intermittent, air dissolved oxygen amount is 1.6-2.8mg/L, and ventilate 3-6min, is spaced 40-50min.
7. the method that stalk two-phase fermentation according to claim 1 prepares fertilizer, which is characterized in that the active carbon powder
Granularity be 300-400 mesh.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110105140A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 广州天适立农生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of zymotechnique that fertilizer nutrient content can be improved |
CN113773157A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 江南大学 | Method for strengthening straw combined composting by ionic liquid additive |
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CN107986919A (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2018-05-04 | 沈阳金博地生态环保科技有限公司 | A kind of microbial-bacterial fertilizer of the waste material of lactic acid containing stalk fermentation |
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CN110105140A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-08-09 | 广州天适立农生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of zymotechnique that fertilizer nutrient content can be improved |
CN113773157A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 江南大学 | Method for strengthening straw combined composting by ionic liquid additive |
CN113773157B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-09-06 | 江南大学 | Method for strengthening straw combined composting by ionic liquid additive |
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