CN108739167A - A kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization - Google Patents

A kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108739167A
CN108739167A CN201810639505.0A CN201810639505A CN108739167A CN 108739167 A CN108739167 A CN 108739167A CN 201810639505 A CN201810639505 A CN 201810639505A CN 108739167 A CN108739167 A CN 108739167A
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China
Prior art keywords
rice
kilogram
implantation methods
fertilizer
high temperature
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CN201810639505.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
葛义学
郭建宝
武立权
李建平
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Anhui Shu Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Shu Agricultural Science And Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810639505.0A priority Critical patent/CN108739167A/en
Publication of CN108739167A publication Critical patent/CN108739167A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23Solutions

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization, mainly have the measures such as variety selection, rationally cultivation, installation sprinkling irrigation equipment and sprinkling self-control foliar fertilizer to be improved.Under 35 degree of high temperature Heading fillings, yield is substantially unaffected the rice that the present invention plants.

Description

A kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization
Technical field
The invention belongs to Rice Cropping technical fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization.
Background technology
China Yangtze river basin is the important plantation area of rice, and annual rice cultivation is having the major part flowering and grouting phase just It is worth summer High Temperature season.The high temperature apparition coincide with the Rice Flowering pustulation period, and often rice sky is not plump caused by Climatic regionalization Grain rate is high, setting percentage declines, and causes rice quality to deteriorate, yield reduces, decline in benefits, influences peasant's enthusiasm for production and rice Production, adversely affects China's grain security.
High temperature causes the growthdevelopmental stage of hot evil and rice closely related in rice, that is to say, that only high temperature apparition and water Heat does harm to generation of just having ready conditions when rice coincide to certain breeding time of high temperature sensitive.Rice Heading florescence optimum temperature is 25- 30 DEG C, in 20 DEG C of low temperature below, fertilization process cannot be all completed, forms ghost.But encounter 35 DEG C or more high temperature, equally to by Smart process has an adverse effect, and Empty grain rate can increase significantly.Many studies have shown that rice florescence meet high temperature interfere pollen at In the germination of column cap and the elongation of pollen tube, the nonfertilization thereby resulted in is most tight to causing harm for rice for ripe, anther dehiscence, pollen Weight, this period is also sensitive periods of the rice to high temperature, and the same day of especially blooming meets high temperature stress, easily induces little Hua infertility Crossing barriers are caused, setting percentage and yield are seriously affected.
Since industrialization degree aggravation and mankind's activity increase, the influence of greenhouse effects, weather have the tendency that gradual warming up, Climatic regionalization occurrence frequency is increasing, therefore how to prevent rice heat evil in advance and be just eager one solved as rice expert Important topic.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, and propose a kind of plantation side preventing rice Climatic regionalization Method, for rice under 35 degree of high temperature Heading fillings, yield is unaffected.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization, specific implantation methods are as follows:
1) selection of kind:In selection it is ripe or partially in ripe, Heading filling is fast, high-temperature resistance is strong rice varieties;
2) date of seeding is arranged, cultivates drought-enduring strong seedling:According to the breeding time of rice varieties come reasonable arrangement Suitable Sowing Period, fertilising It is upper that suitable control nitrogen fertilizer amount, Shaoshi instant nitrogenousfertilizer is used to use sufficient phosphorus, potash fertilizer;
3) cultural method:It is early planted using early childbirth light seeding, wide-and narrow-row set width strain mistake nest is planted, and appropriate light seeding, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is with 3 When leaf to 41 heart of leaf, plant is advisable, with 10 behavior, one ridge, 25 centimeters of line-spacing in ridge, and 20 centimeters of spacing in the rows, 50 centimeters of line-spacing between ridge, Pre- interspace facilitates installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment;
4) installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment:The sprinkling irrigation of movable and rotary type paddy field is installed to set between rice reserves ridge It is standby, total water outlet is set at the water source inlet of crop field, voltage stabilizing water pump is installed, installs filtration system additional, from the lateral longitudinal peace in field both ends Sprinkling irrigation water-supply-pipe is filled, upright bar is set at main pipe and every 3 meters of branch pipe, upright bar is 4.5 meters high, and upright bar is at more than 2.5 meters of crop canopies 360 rotary nozzles are installed;
5) high temperature foliar fertilizer is sprayed:Before foliar fertilizer or high temperature appearance is added in water inlet while rice spray cooling Spray foliar fertilizer.
As preferred means, in the step 3) before cultivation before use sufficient base fertilizer, multiple top dressing by stages, phosphorus, potassium, zinc fertilizer are matched Application is closed, uses sufficient long ear manuer in bearing desire, the later stage feeds nitrogen.
As further preferred means, pressure adjusting should be installed at the branch pipe valve in the step 4) on branch pipe and set Standby, the pressure adjustment device is rain bird series or the PRS-B type pressure regulators that solenoid valve matches.
As further preferred means, it is rare earth antiheat agent, tool that foliar fertilizer, which is added, in water inlet in the step 5) Body formula is as follows:0.1 kilogram of 0.1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 0.30 kilogram of manganese sulfate, 0.25 kilogram of salt and potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus water 60 kilograms spray;Sprinkling foliar fertilizer is 0.3 kilogram of vitamin C, 0.5 kilogram of glutamic acid, tetramethyl glutaric acid 0.4 before high temperature occurs Kilogram and 60 kilograms of 0.4 kilogram of calcium superphosphate plus water spray.
Advantageous effect of the present invention:1, a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization, rice are filled in 35 degree of high temperature heading Under slurry, yield is substantially unaffected, and mainly has variety selection, rationally cultivation, installation sprinkling irrigation equipment and sprinkling self-control foliar fertilizer etc. Measure is improved.
2, in it is ripe or partially in ripe, Heading filling is fast, high-temperature resistance is strong rice varieties, young spike development and heading stage avoid The hot hours of high temperature and drought, lose caused by rice so as to reduce Climatic regionalization;Reasonable arrangement Suitable Sowing Period, So that rice anthesis is avoided the time of high temperature stress, mitigates the adverse effect that hot weather is brought;The planting type of the present invention has Conducive to surface planting and standardization is planted, quality is planted in raising;By equipment sprinkling irrigation 360 degree rotation water spray, cold water is directly sprayed On plant, fringe layer temperature can be made to reduce by 3 DEG C, relative humidity increases by 22%, and cooling-down effect is fairly obvious, can at least reduce sky Not plump rate 15-28%;To mitigate the influence of Climatic regionalization, increase rice yield, while rice spray cooling in water inlet Self-control rare earth antiheat agent is added, or sprays the vitamin C of 50ppm or 3% calcium superphosphate molten night before high temperature occurs, has The effect for mitigating high temperature injury improves the function of the poor environments such as rice itself low-temperature resistance, high temperature, mitigates extent of injury.
Specific implementation mode
Present invention is further described in detail below:
A kind of implantation methods of prevention rice Climatic regionalization of the present invention, specific implantation methods are as follows:
1) selection of kind:In selection it is ripe or partially in ripe, Heading filling is fast, high-temperature resistance is strong rice varieties;
2) date of seeding is arranged, cultivates drought-enduring strong seedling:According to the breeding time of rice varieties come reasonable arrangement Suitable Sowing Period, fertilising It is upper that suitable control nitrogen fertilizer amount, Shaoshi instant nitrogenousfertilizer is used to use sufficient phosphorus, potash fertilizer;
3) cultural method:It is early planted using early childbirth light seeding, wide-and narrow-row set width strain mistake nest is planted, and appropriate light seeding, and the length of time rice seedlings grow is with 3 When leaf to 41 heart of leaf, plant is advisable, with 10 behavior, one ridge, 25 centimeters of line-spacing in ridge, and 20 centimeters of spacing in the rows, 50 centimeters of line-spacing between ridge, Pre- interspace facilitates installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment;
4) installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment:The sprinkling irrigation of movable and rotary type paddy field is installed to set between rice reserves ridge It is standby, total water outlet is set at the water source inlet of crop field, voltage stabilizing water pump is installed, installs filtration system additional, from the lateral longitudinal peace in field both ends Sprinkling irrigation water-supply-pipe is filled, upright bar is set at main pipe and every 3 meters of branch pipe, upright bar is 4.5 meters high, and upright bar is at more than 2.5 meters of crop canopies 360 rotary nozzles are installed;
5) high temperature foliar fertilizer is sprayed:Before foliar fertilizer or high temperature appearance is added in water inlet while rice spray cooling Spray foliar fertilizer.
In the step 3) before cultivation before use sufficient base fertilizer, multiple top dressing by stages, phosphorus, potassium, zinc fertilizer compounding application are being given birth to Mid-term uses sufficient long ear manuer, and the later stage feeds nitrogen.
Pressure adjustment device should be installed, the pressure adjustment device is rain at the branch pipe valve in the step 4) on branch pipe The PRS-B type pressure regulators that bird series or solenoid valve match.
It is rare earth antiheat agent that foliar fertilizer, which is added, in water inlet in the step 5), and specific formula is as follows:Zinc sulfate 0.1 Kilogram, 0.30 kilogram of manganese sulfate, 0.25 kilogram of salt and 0.1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 60 kilograms of water sprays;Before high temperature occurs Sprinkling foliar fertilizer is 0.4 kilogram of 0.3 kilogram of vitamin C, 0.5 kilogram of glutamic acid, 0.4 kilogram of tetramethyl glutaric acid and calcium superphosphate 60 kilograms of water is added to spray.
In high temperature and drought or temperature changeable climate anomalous year, it is ripe in selection or partially in it is ripe, Heading filling is fast, high temperature resistance The strong rice varieties of ability, such young spike development and heading stage just avoid the hot hours of high temperature and drought, so as to reduce Climatic regionalization loses caused by rice.
In reasonable arrangement date of seeding, in China yangtse-huaihe region, current early April can be sowed and postpone till April 25 To May 5, will control at the length of time rice seedlings grow at 30-35 days, this makes it possible to by one season semilate rice best heading flowering period be arranged in August Avoid the high temperature dry season weather of late July to early August in ten days.
Weather forecast is paid close attention to, when such as the rice booting later stage, such as 35 degree or more hot weathers were up to 3 days or more, when Field, which will pour water, improves rice field miniclimate, especially to having eared or should fill deep water immediately into the field of pustulation period, one As deep 8 centimetres or so of field pipe-net;Second is that installing movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment between rice reserves ridge, pass through the equipment 360 degree rotation of spraying water spray, cold water is sprayed directly on plant, fringe layer temperature can be made to reduce by 3 DEG C, relative humidity increases 22%, cooling-down effect is fairly obvious, can at least reduce sterile grain rate 15~28%.To mitigate high temperature to Rice Floral Organ and photosynthetic device The direct damage of official, concrete operations and application method are as follows:
1, jet pipe, water pump, nozzle, valve etc. are bought, every 10 mu are a unit, need to be 5000 yuan, 500 yuan per acre, season Property use, can use 10 years, 50 yuan of cost per mu, volume increase 200-300 jins, increase income 400 yuan, economic benefit is very notable.
2, total water outlet at the water source inlet of crop field is set, voltage stabilizing water pump is installed, installs filtration system additional, from field both ends cross To longitudinally mounted sprinkling irrigation water-supply-pipe, upright bar is set, and upright bar is 4.5 meters high, and upright bar is more than crop canopies at main pipe and every 3 meters of branch pipe 360 rotary nozzles are installed at 2.5 meters.
3, pressure adjustment device should be installed at branch pipe valve, the PRS-B type pressure to match with solenoid valve such as rain bird series Adjuster, this pressure regulator can make branch pipe inlet pressure balanced, ensure that system sprinkling is uniform.
4,10 points of unlatchings of every morning, 3 points of closings in afternoon, rainy days is without opening.
It makes high temperature resistance foliar fertilizer by oneself, to mitigate the influence of Climatic regionalization, increases rice yield, in the same of rice spray cooling When in water inlet be added self-control rare earth antiheat agent, formula it is as follows:0.1 kilogram of zinc sulfate and 0.25 kilogram of salt or biphosphate 0.1 kilogram of potassium.Or the vitamin C of 50ppm or 3% calcium superphosphate molten night are sprayed before high temperature occurs, mitigate high temperature injury Effect improves the function of the poor environments such as rice itself low-temperature resistance, high temperature, mitigates extent of injury.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art The other embodiment being appreciated that.
The present invention is not limited to above to the description of embodiment, those skilled in the art according to disclosure of the present invention, The creative work improvement and modification that be carried out need not be passed through on the basis of the present invention, all should protection scope of the present invention it It is interior.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization, it is characterised in that:Specific implantation methods are as follows:
1) selection of kind:In selection it is ripe or partially in ripe, Heading filling is fast, high-temperature resistance is strong rice varieties;
2) date of seeding is arranged, cultivates drought-enduring strong seedling:According to the breeding time of rice varieties come reasonable arrangement Suitable Sowing Period, adopted in fertilising With suitable control nitrogen fertilizer amount, Shaoshi instant nitrogenousfertilizer uses sufficient phosphorus, potash fertilizer;
3) cultural method:Early planted using early childbirth light seeding, wide-and narrow-row set width strain mistake nest is planted, and appropriate light seeding, the length of time rice seedlings grow with 3 leaves extremely When 41 heart of leaf, plant is advisable, and with 10 behavior, one ridge, 25 centimeters of line-spacing in ridge, 20 centimeters of spacing in the rows, 50 centimeters of line-spacing between ridge reserve Gap facilitates installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment;
4) installation movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment:Movable and rotary type paddy field sprinkling irrigation equipment is installed between rice reserves ridge, greatly Total water outlet is set at water in field source inlet, voltage stabilizing water pump is installed, filtration system is installed additional, from the laterally longitudinally mounted sprinkling irrigation of field both ends Upright bar is set at water-supply-pipe, main pipe and every 3 meters of branch pipe, and upright bar is 4.5 meters high, and upright bar is more than 2.5 meters of crop canopies place installation 360 Rotary nozzle;
5) high temperature foliar fertilizer is sprayed:Foliar fertilizer is added in water inlet while rice spray cooling or preceding sprinkling occurs in high temperature Foliar fertilizer.
2. a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 3) In before cultivation before use sufficient base fertilizer, multiple top dressing by stages, phosphorus, potassium, zinc fertilizer compounding application use sufficient long ear manuer in bearing desire, after Phase feeds nitrogen.
3. a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 4) Pressure adjustment device should be installed, the pressure adjustment device is that rain bird series matches with solenoid valve at the branch pipe valve on middle branch pipe The PRS-B type pressure regulators of set.
4. a kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step 5) In foliar fertilizer is added in water inlet is rare earth antiheat agent, specific formula is as follows:0.1 kilogram of zinc sulfate, 0.30 kilogram of manganese sulfate, 0.25 kilogram of salt and 60 kilograms of 0.1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus water spray;Sprinkling foliar fertilizer is vitamin before high temperature occurs 0.4 kilogram of C0.3 kilograms, 0.5 kilogram of glutamic acid, 0.4 kilogram of tetramethyl glutaric acid and calcium superphosphate plus 60 kilograms of water spray.
CN201810639505.0A 2018-06-20 2018-06-20 A kind of implantation methods preventing rice Climatic regionalization Pending CN108739167A (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1069256A (en) * 1992-08-25 1993-02-24 桂林市农业科学研究所 A kind of efficient, multifunctional foliage fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN1911869A (en) * 2006-08-25 2007-02-14 陈俊茂 Leaf fertilizer containing amino acid and its preparation method
CN102093121A (en) * 2010-11-26 2011-06-15 铁岭绿源肥业有限公司 Plant nutrient foliage fertilizer
CN105144937A (en) * 2015-11-03 2015-12-16 重庆市南川区农业技术推广中心 Wide-narrow row combined with wide-narrow spacing hole-staggered planting method for rice
CN107548934A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-01-09 灵川县龙达种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of rice

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1069256A (en) * 1992-08-25 1993-02-24 桂林市农业科学研究所 A kind of efficient, multifunctional foliage fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN1911869A (en) * 2006-08-25 2007-02-14 陈俊茂 Leaf fertilizer containing amino acid and its preparation method
CN102093121A (en) * 2010-11-26 2011-06-15 铁岭绿源肥业有限公司 Plant nutrient foliage fertilizer
CN105144937A (en) * 2015-11-03 2015-12-16 重庆市南川区农业技术推广中心 Wide-narrow row combined with wide-narrow spacing hole-staggered planting method for rice
CN107548934A (en) * 2017-10-24 2018-01-09 灵川县龙达种植专业合作社 A kind of implantation methods of rice

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
安徽省农业委员会: "《安徽农业抗灾生产技术》", 31 May 2004, 中国农业出版社 *

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