CN107135777A - A kind of vinyl house frame wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation method of head - Google Patents
A kind of vinyl house frame wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation method of head Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the light simplified cultivation key technology of vegetables high yield and high quality, particularly relate to wax gourd and change head gently simplified high yield cultivating method.Including seeding and growing seedling, seedling management, fertilising and site preparation, field planting, field management, the steps such as harvest, the branches and tendrils management in field management of the present invention, which is changed after head, can make nutrient stress reproductive growth, promote precocity, improve early yield, increase benefit, save labor, reduce and plant is injured.This research hangs the research for many years that a cultivation technique and the Integration of Water into Fertilizer are changed in climing wax gourd training to vinyl house by Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Economic Crops Institute, it is integrated and form the light simplified cultivation new technology of wax gourd high yield and high quality on the basis of analysis wax gourd yield and quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the light simplified cultivation key technology area of vegetables high yield and high quality, more particularly to a kind of vinyl house frame winter
Melon changes the light simplified cultivation method of head.
Background technology
Wax gourd originates in the countries such as SOUTHERN CHINA, Southeast Asia and India, is mainly distributed on China, India, Thailand, Malaysia
Deng country, Europe, America cultivation are less.Current wax gourd in the world year cultivated area about 500,000 hm2, the wherein cultivated area of China
Maximum, year 200000 hm of sown area2More than, most area wax gourd productions are based on marketing fresh.Wax gourd yield is high, and shelf-stable has
Relieve summer heat radiating medicinal efficacy, be both that dog days season consumers in general like edible vegetables, be regulation summer and autumn vegetables dull season again
Important kind.In production, the yield of wax gourd is also cultivated in addition to by variety characteristic control by planting density, training type etc.
The influence of measure.The research such as Wang Yuhong, Kong Xiangyi shows that the training type of muskmelon can be using double climing single melons.Zheng Weijuan etc. is studied
Show, bottle gourd has certain advantage using double climing training types in yield and commodity.It is clear more than Zhu to wait research to show, watermelon
It is strong using double climing and three climing formulas training masters growing way of overgrowing.Training stay fruit mode be melon crop cultivation management important measures it
One, the physiological development of blade is not only directly connected to, the growing way of plant is had an effect on, and then influence the yield and quality of crop.
In vegetables production process, melon, solanaceous vegetables can effectively adjust plant vegetative growth and life by training
The balance of reproductive growth, extends breeding time, is one of key link of increasing both production and income.Influence on training type to melon crop
Research is focused mostly on the crop such as watermelon and muskmelon, and the research to wax gourd is rarely reported.At present on wax gourd cultivation, big wax gourd one
As be Creeping-culture, not restocking.The planting type of frame wax gourd is that more traditional built ties up climing restocking, is exactly by longer plant
Strain is bundled on shelf, also referred to as hangs climing, extracts side shoot and the immovable cultivation management mode of stem.Typically only stay the main melon of main stem
Cultivation management mode.The shortcoming of this cultivation management technology is：Field is cumbersome, takes a lot of work laborious.Nutrient supplies reproduction simultaneously
Growth and nutrient growth, early yield is relatively low by contrast, late-maturing, especially spring cultivation, and economic benefit is damaged.
Patent No. CN106376332A discloses a kind of implantation methods of high ferro wax gourd, comprises the following steps：(1) soak seed；
(2) nursery；(3) selection of land site preparation；(4) rational close planting；(5) rich water quality management；(6) built is whole climing；(7) harvest.The wax gourd of the present invention
Implantation methods, wax gourd is improved using effective processing to seed, cooperation to the selection of fertilizer, the reasonable selection of the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Plantation yield.A kind of cultural methods of high-quality casting skin wax gourd of CN105230318A：The invention discloses a kind of high-quality casting skin winter
The cultural method of melon, it comprises the following steps：(1) nursery；(2) site preparation is colonized；(3) rich water quality management；(4) built is whole climing；(5) it is sick
Pest control；(6) harvest.A kind of cultural method of high-quality casting skin wax gourd proposed by the invention, improves casting skin wax gourd output
Quality and yield, proper scale truck garden carry out popularization and application.A kind of dense planting high-yield culturing casting skins of CN104521541A
The method of wax gourd：A kind of method of dense planting high-yield culturing casting skin wax gourd, including variety selection, plot selection, site preparation furrow, solid
Built, rich water quality management, disease pest prevention and control step, by increasing grown per area strain number, so as to increase commodity melon number, are greatly improved
Per mu yield, to reach the high-yield culturing of casting skin wax gourd.A kind of implantation methods of casting skin wax gourd of CN104285655A：The present invention is disclosed
A kind of implantation methods of casting skin wax gourd, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）Arrange plot；（2）Begin sowing in good time；（3）Training
Educate strong sprout：When 3-4 piece true leaves occurs in gourd seed, liquid fertilizer sprayed, by weight ratio example make liquid fertilizer, use high concentration fluid
1 part of yeast selenium, 1000 parts of water are matched somebody with somebody by 10 parts of composite fertilizer；（4）Transplant planting；（5）Built draws climing；（6）Fruiting period spray fertilizer：Wax gourd is in fruit
Real expanding stage sprays weekly a selenium liquid fertilizer, and liquid fertilizer compound method is：4 parts of sodium selenite, di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate are weighed by weight ratio
100 parts of hydrogen potassium, 2000 parts of water, is configured to 2 ‰ selenium liquid fertilizers, in spraying in fine day afternoon, once in a week, adopts melon first three ten days stop-spraying；
（7）Insect prevention is except disease；（8）Timely collecting.
Do not propose that wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation new technology of head above with respect to wax gourd cultivation management technology aspect.Therefore, the winter
Melon change head gently simplify the corresponding cultivation techniques such as training type innovation and creation it is significant.
The content of the invention
The key problem in technology that wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation new technology of head is：Every plant of stem sits melon number for after 1-2（After being about colonized
One month）, top stem again reserve 7-8 section after pinching, after melon is occupied stably select a sturdy side shoot be used as stem, remaining side
Branch all removes.Stayed on new stem after 1-2 full, healthy and strong melon codes, carry out pinching after 7-8 sections are reserved at an upper portion thereof, treat melon
A sturdy side shoot is selected after occupying stably as stem, the like.This technology promotees because pinching temporarily inhibits nutrient growth
Reproductive growth is entered, that is, has promoted the quick of reserved melon to expand, and saved climing troublesome operation process, therefore precocity can be reached, carried
High early yield, saving of work and time, the purpose increased economic efficiency.
To achieve the above object, the concrete technical scheme that uses of the present invention for：
（1）Crops for rotation are arranged
Vinyl house early spring wax gourd, seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of 2 months, 20 days or so March（The last ten-days period）Field planting, mid-May harvests.
（2）Vinyl house early spring wax gourd cultivation management key technology
1. adapted varieties is selected
It is close, the precocious, quality better of early spring wax gourd selection low temperature resistant, melon code, disease-resistant（Downy mildew, droop, powdery mildew）, high yield product
Plant such as string of bells hung round the neck of Beijing one, green show.
2. seeding and growing seedling
Presoaking and germinating：The water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C of use before broadcasting（Two to open one cool：I.e. two glasss 100 DEG C of boiling water and one glass of normal temperature cold water are mixed
Close）, seed is poured into water ceaselessly agitation until water temperature drop is to less than 30 DEG C, then soaks 4-6 hours, the seed after immersion
Rinsed 2-3 times, bound up with gauze, vernalization at a temperature of being placed on 28-30 DEG C with clear water.In pregermination procedure, early, evening respectively uses 30-
35 DEG C of warm water is eluriated 1 time, and seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed.
Sowing：From 72 hole disks, seedling medium is from commodity matrix or using useless mushroom material：Vermiculite volume ratio=2:1 matches somebody with somebody
Side, matrix dose is 4.0 kilograms/m of chicken manure3And composite fertilizer（N:P:K=15:15:15）2.5 kg/m3.Matrix and chicken manure should
This fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.Seeding process and step are as follows：The hole tray that matrix is will be equipped with before sowing is watered, with aperture below hole tray after watering
There is water to ooze out to be advisable.New covering with ground sheeting, surrounding compacting, to keep soil humidity and temperature are after planting used in hole tray.50%~
Film is progressively thrown off during 60% seed bud teleblem.600-1000 times golden thunder progress is sprayed after seedling all sprouts and prevents and treats downy mildew, epidemic disease, use Ah
Ke Tai preventing and treatings trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, AVM preventing and treating liriomyza bryoniae.
Seedling management：
The temperature that daytime in seedling stage is best suitable for is 20 DEG C~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10 DEG C~18 DEG C, it is ensured that realize 10 DEG C of temperature round the clock
Difference.Carry out hardening within 7-10 days or so before field planting, increase the amount of leaking informaton daytime.
Strong sprout standard：The cm of plant height 12, stem is thick in 3.00 millimeters, and seedling vigorous index is more than 0.7, and physiology seedling age is two
Leaf or the heart stage of three leaf one, cotyledon are intact, and internode is short and thick, and leaf dark green is plump, well developed root system, healthy and strong disease-free, seedling age 35 days or so.
3. apply fertilizer and site preparation
Fertilising：The spring general base manure of wax gourd cultivating soil is every with reference to site preparation based on high-quality organic fertilizer, conventional chemical fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer etc.
Mu applies 3000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed manure, and 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer fully mixes.
Site preparation：Organic fertilizer and composite fertilizer are first imposed on into ground, then machine is turned over or artificial spade is turned over 2 times, fertilizer is filled with soil
Divide and mix, plane earth is hugged afterwards.It is general from high ridge plantation, according to 80 centimetres of line-spacing, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows, Root growth, a ridge
A line, ridge is high 10-15 centimetres.
4. it is colonized
Resident time is general 20 days or so March（The last ten-days period）, drip irrigation pipe is set on ridge before field planting, is covered in film on ridge,
Tense compacting.Cave bands are dug on the top of ridge according to 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows to stick together cultivation seedling, every mu is colonized 2500-3000 plant, using film after field planting
Lower drip irrigation pours field planting water.
5. field management
Temperature treatment：
A, field planting-seedling-slowing stage temperature adjusting：30-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night should be not less than 15 DEG C, beneficial to slow seedling, typically not
Less than 12 DEG C.
After b, slow seedling-sit melon phase temperature adjusting：25-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night, which tries one's best, is kept for more than 13 DEG C.Be conducive to
Strong seedling, early to sit melon, swollen melon is fast.The emphases of supervision of this phase temperature is：Notice that nocturnal temperature should not be too high, prevent rice shoot excessive growth.Should
The management of day and night temperature is increased, the minimum temperature controllable in short time night is to 10 DEG C or so；
Fertilizer, water management：
A, seedling recovering water：7-10 days or so after field planting, a seedling recovering water is poured, current water must be poured, with Leeza root, hair Miao Hepei
Educate strong seedling.It is current permeable, to not watered before field planting, pour water, pour that permeable plot is particularly important, it is directly affected under root system
The depth of bundle and root amount number, sit the growing way and early ageing degree of plant after melon.This water, typically need not be with fertilizer.But running into
Low temperature obstacle, when root system development is bad, can suitably spray some foliar fertilizers.
B, spend preceding rich water：Before flowering, a rich water of administration.This time administration of rich water, according to the water conservation of soil, protect
Depending on fertile ability, soil fertility level and the growing way of plant.If current rich water is poured not in time, imposed again to melon rich water is urged
When, soil moisture, nutrient supply, plant growing way will directly be affected, and current rich water can suitably give a small amount of administration.
C, swelling melon fertilizer water：Early spring wax gourd is pollinated with bumblebee or artificial pollination promotes to sit melon, and current rich water is usually to sit
After melon, the rich water applied when most of melon length to walnut-egg size is swelling melon fertilizer water.General mu applies three element compound fertilizer
(N:P2O5:K2O=10:4:40) 25-35 kilograms and formula fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=2.86:1:1.56) two ways（It is specifically shown in
Water-fertilizer integral research in 2015）, from swollen melon to maturation, and second, third batch of melon rich water quality management, according to soil moisture content,
Plant growing way, can refer to the management of first time swelling melon fertilizer water, topdresses, waters in right amount.
Branches and tendrils management：
Every plant of stem sits melon number for after 1-2（About it is colonized latter month）, top stem again reserve 7-8 section after pinching, treat melon sit
One sturdy side shoot of selection is as stem after steady, and remaining side shoot all removes.1-2 full, healthy and strong melons are stayed on new stem
After code, pinching is carried out after 7-8 sections are reserved at an upper portion thereof, a sturdy side shoot is selected after melon is occupied stably as stem, successively class
Push away.This technology promotes reproductive growth, that is, promotes the quick of reserved melon to expand because pinching temporarily inhibits nutrient growth, and
Save climing troublesome operation process, therefore purpose that is precocious, improving early yield, saving of work and time, increase economic efficiency can be reached.
6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The disease in wax gourd seedling stage is mainly samping off, and the susceptible rear seedling of seedling falls in unearthed top layer basal part of stem in the soft corruption of water soaking mode
Volt, that is, damping off.Prevention and controls are from disease-resistant variety Beijing-string of bells hung round the neck, green show etc..Using biological control：Rational close planting, control are wet
It is crucial to spend, water, and reduces canopy room humidity.68% 500-600 times of gold medal thunder water dispersible granules may be selected in medicament treatment（Equivalent 100
Gram medicine/3-4 barrels of water）Or 72% gram of anti-spirit, clear 700 times of the wettable powder of white epidemic disease, or 64% 500 times of antivirus vanadium wettable powder
Liquid or 72.2% general 800 times of liquid of aqua etc. of making every effort to overcome carry out drenching filling or spray to rice shoot.
Wax gourd powdery mildew early stage face of blade or the back side produce white fleck, and when environment is suitable, amyloid plaque gradually expands
Greatly, connect in blocks, as the unconspicuous white powder area in edge, or even be covered with whole blade, white powdered mould layer is covered with above.Preventing and treating
This disease is mainly strengthened management, and promotes robust plant, reduces air humidity, and ventilation and penetrating light is strengthened in the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion.Use in addition
500 times of liquid prevention effects of Lu Nasen are good.
Insect pest is mainly the harm of aphid, red spider and Liriomyza, can be using the safe water dispersible granules 4000- of optional 25% Acker
6000 times, AVM etc..
Advantages and advantages of the invention：
The topmost advantage of this cultural method is that branches and tendrils management is changed after head nutrient can be made to stress reproductive growth, promote it is precocious, carry
High early yield, increase benefit, save labor, reduces to plant injury.This research is made by Hebei Prov. Academy of Agricultural ＆. Forest Sciences's economy
Thing research institute hangs the research for many years that a cultivation technique and the Integration of Water into Fertilizer are changed in climing wax gourd training to vinyl house, in analysis
It is integrated and form the light simplified cultivation new technology of wax gourd high yield and high quality on the basis of wax gourd yield and quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Plant growing way figure before and after Fig. 1 present invention branches and tendrils management.
Embodiment
In order to be better understood from and implement the present invention, it is specifically described below by embodiment.
Embodiment 1
（1）Crops for rotation are arranged
Vinyl house early spring wax gourd, seeding and seedling raising at the beginning of 2 months, field planting in 20 days or so March is harvested mid-May.
（2）Vinyl house early spring wax gourd cultivation management key technology
1. adapted varieties is selected
It is close, the precocious, quality better of early spring wax gourd selection low temperature resistant, melon code, disease-resistant（Downy mildew, powdery mildew）, high yield kind as north
The string of bells hung round the neck of capital one, green show etc..
2. seeding and seedling raising
Presoaking and germinating：The water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C of use before broadcasting（Two to open one cool：I.e. two glasss 100 DEG C of boiling water and one glass of normal temperature cold water are mixed
Close）, seed is poured into water ceaselessly agitation until water temperature drop is to less than 30 DEG C, then soaks 4-6 hours, the seed after immersion
Rinsed 2-3 times, bound up with gauze, vernalization at a temperature of being placed on 28-30 DEG C with clear water.In pregermination procedure, early, evening respectively uses 30-
35 DEG C of warm water is eluriated 1 time, and seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed.
Sowing：From 72 hole disks, seedling medium is using the useless mushroom material of inexpensive seedling medium：Vermiculite=2:1（V:V）Formula,
Matrix dose is 4.0 kilograms/m of chicken manure3And composite fertilizer（N:P:K=15:15:15）2.5 kg/m3.Matrix and chicken manure should
Fully become thoroughly decomposed.Seeding process and step are as follows：The hole tray that matrix is will be equipped with before sowing is watered, and is had with aperture below hole tray after watering
Water, which oozes out, to be advisable.New covering with ground sheeting, surrounding compacting, to keep soil humidity and temperature are after planting used in hole tray.50%~60%
Film is progressively thrown off during seed bud teleblem.600-1000 times of golden thunder is sprayed after seedling all sprouts to carry out preventing and treating downy mildew, epidemic disease, it is safe with Acker
Prevent and treat trialeurodes vaporariorum, aphid, AVM preventing and treating liriomyza bryoniae.
Seedling management：
The temperature that daytime in seedling stage is best suitable for is 20 DEG C~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10 DEG C~18 DEG C, it is ensured that realize 10 DEG C of temperature round the clock
Difference.Field planting carries out hardening for first 7 days, increases the amount of leaking informaton daytime.
Strong sprout standard：The cm of plant height 12, stem is thick in 3.00 millimeters, and seedling vigorous index is more than 0.7, and physiology seedling age is two
Leaf or the heart stage of three leaf one, cotyledon are intact, and internode is short and thick, and leaf dark green is plump, well developed root system, healthy and strong disease-free, seedling age 35 days or so.
3. apply fertilizer and site preparation
Fertilising：The spring general base manure of wax gourd cultivating soil is every with reference to site preparation based on high-quality organic fertilizer, conventional chemical fertilizer, Chemical Mixed Fertilizer etc.
Mu applies 3000 kilograms of high-quality decomposed manure, and 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer fully mixes.
Site preparation：The organic fertilizer paving in base fertilizer is first imposed on into ground, then machine is turned over or artificial spade is turned over 2 times, makes fertilizer and soil
Fully mix, plane earth is hugged afterwards.It is general from high ridge plantation, according to 80 centimetres of line-spacing, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows, Root growth, one
Ridge a line, ridge is high 10-15 centimetres.
4. it is colonized
On March 20 or so was colonized, and drip irrigation pipe is set on ridge before field planting, is covered in film on ridge, tensed compacting.On the top of ridge
Cave bands are dug according to 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows to stick together cultivation seedling, every mu is colonized 2500-3000 plants, and field planting is poured using under-film drip irrigation mode after field planting
Water.
5. field management
Temperature treatment：
A, field planting-slow seedling：30-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night should be not less than 15 DEG C, beneficial to slow seedling, typically be not less than 12 DEG C.
Under the conditions of special weather, temperature is also not lower than 8-10 DEG C in the short time.The emphases of supervision of this phase is：Based on heating, be incubated.
After b, slow seedling-sit melon phase temperature adjusting：25-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night, which tries one's best, is kept for more than 13 DEG C.Be conducive to
Strong seedling, early to sit melon, swollen melon is fast.The emphases of supervision of this phase temperature is：Notice that nocturnal temperature should not be too high, prevent rice shoot excessive growth.Should
The management of day and night temperature is increased, the minimum temperature controllable in short time night is to 10 DEG C or so；
Fertilizer, water management：
A, seedling recovering water：7 days or so after field planting, a seedling recovering water is poured, current water must be poured, with Leeza root, hair seedling and cultivation
Strong seedling.It is current permeable, to water is not watered, poured before field planting, pour that permeable plot is particularly important, it directly affects and pricked under root system
Depth and root amount number, sit melon after plant growing way and early ageing degree.This water, typically need not be with fertilizer.But it is low running into
Warm obstacle, when root system development is bad, can suitably spray some foliar fertilizers.
B, spend preceding rich water：Before flowering, a rich water of administration.This time administration of rich water, according to the water conservation of soil, protect
Depending on fertile ability, soil fertility level and the growing way of plant.If current rich water is poured not in time, imposed again to melon rich water is urged
When, soil moisture, nutrient supply, plant growing way will directly be affected, and current rich water can suitably give a small amount of administration.
C, swelling melon fertilizer water：Early spring wax gourd bumblebee pollination technique promotes to sit melon, and current rich water is usually after melon is sat, when big
The rich water applied during most melon length to walnut-egg size, is swelling melon fertilizer water.General mu applies conventional three-way element composite fertilizer (N:
P2O5:K2O=10:4:40) 25-35 kilograms and formula fertilizer (N:P2O5:K2O=2.86:1:1.56) two ways（It is specifically shown in 2015
Year water-fertilizer integral research）, from swollen melon to maturation, and second, third batch of melon rich water quality management, be according to soil moisture content, plant
Growing way, can refer to the management of first time swelling melon fertilizer water, topdresses, waters in right amount.
Branches and tendrils management：
The key problem in technology that wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation new technology of head is：Every plant of stem sits melon number for after 1-2（About it is colonized latter
Month）, top stem again reserve 7-8 section after pinching, after melon is occupied stably select a sturdy side shoot as stem, remaining side shoot is complete
Remove in portion.Stayed on new stem after 1-2 full, healthy and strong melon codes, carry out pinching after 7-8 sections are reserved at an upper portion thereof, treat that melon is occupied stably
A sturdy side shoot is selected afterwards as stem, the like.
6. the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
The disease in wax gourd seedling stage is mainly samping off, and the susceptible rear seedling of seedling falls in unearthed top layer basal part of stem in the soft corruption of water soaking mode
Volt, that is, damping off.Prevention and controls are from disease-resistant variety Beijing-string of bells hung round the neck, green show etc..Using biological control：Rational close planting, control are wet
It is crucial to spend, water, and reduces canopy room humidity.68% 500-600 times of gold medal thunder water dispersible granules may be selected in medicament treatment（Equivalent 100
Gram medicine/3-4 barrels of water）Or 72% gram of anti-spirit, clear 700 times of the wettable powder of white epidemic disease, or 64% 500 times of antivirus vanadium wettable powder
Liquid or 72.2% general 800 times of liquid of aqua etc. of making every effort to overcome carry out drenching filling or spray to rice shoot.
Wax gourd powdery mildew early stage face of blade or the back side produce white fleck, and when environment is suitable, amyloid plaque gradually expands
Greatly, connect in blocks, as the unconspicuous white powder area in edge, or even be covered with whole blade, white powdered mould layer is covered with above.Preventing and treating
This disease is mainly strengthened management, and promotes robust plant, reduces air humidity, and ventilation and penetrating light is strengthened in the fertile early ageing of anti-anti-avulsion.Use in addition
500 times of liquid prevention effects of Lu Nasen are good.
Insect pest is mainly the harm of aphid, red spider and Liriomyza, can be using the safe water dispersible granules 4000- of optional 25% Acker
6000 times, AVM etc..
Embodiment 2
The vinyl house wax gourd of early spring in 2013 changes head experiment and compared
It is the string of bells hung round the neck of Beijing one for examination wax gourd kind, record changes head and do not change the wax gourd early yield of head processing and whole fertility respectively
Phase yield, is compared experiment.As a result it is as follows：
The wax gourd exchange head technology Yield comparison of table 1.
。
Early spring greenhouse wax gourd uses exchange head technology, and it is 16.23% less to change head processing early stage per mu yield with respect to rate of growth, whole
It is 12.13% that individual breeding time yield, which relatively compares rate of growth,.
Embodiment 3
The vinyl house wax gourd of early spring in 2014 changes head experiment and compared
It is the string of bells hung round the neck of Beijing one for examination wax gourd kind, sets different times to carry out changing head processing, processing 1 respectively：Change within 35 days after field planting
Head, processing 2：Change within 40 days after field planting head, processing 3：Change within 50 days after field planting head and processing four（Do not change head）4 processing, experimental period
Between record it is each processing single fruit weight, every plant fruit weight, every plant of index such as number, per mu yield of bearing fruit.As a result it is as follows：
The wax gourd different times of table 2. change head processing and compared
。
It can be seen from table 2, processing 1（Change head within 35 days after field planting）It is 15.42% that effect, which preferably, relatively compares relative rate of growth, its
Secondary is processing 2（Change head within 40 days after field planting）, it is 8.27% relatively to compare relative rate of growth.And relatively control increases every seat melon number respectively
Plus 37.88%, 29.29%.Each processing single fruit weight increased compared with control.There is test data to understand, a period of changing is field planting
35 days are optimal, and over time after prolong effect of increasing production decrease.
Embodiment 4
The vinyl house wax gourd water-fertilizer integral of early spring in 2015 is studied
Early spring in 2015, the string of bells hung round the neck of Beijing one, green elegant two wax gourd kinds are taken during cultivation management and change head tube reason skill
Art, using the two kinds of processing of formula fertilizer and conventional fertilizer（Specific dose see the table below）, relatively more each processing yield and quality effect.
Fertilising is coordinated using organic-inorganic, under-film drip irrigation fertilization mode.Exemplary treatments are fertilization recommendation, at conventional fertilizer application
Reason.Fertilization recommendation processing wax gourd N P and K topdressing amount be：Per hectare 258kgN, 90kgP2O5、141kgK2O.Topdress respectively from
Melon initial stage is tied, is topdressed altogether 4 times.1st, 2,3, the allocation proportion for 4 times topdressed be respectively 30%, 20%, 30%, 20%.Chase after every time
Fertile irrigation quantity is 15 sides/mu；10 sides of clear water/mu is filled every time.Control treatment is that the general mu of conventional fertilizer application amount applies three element compound fertilizer
25-35 kilograms.As a result it is as follows：
Influence of the formula fertilizer of table 3. to wax gourd yield
。
Wax gourd the Integration of Water into Fertilizer shows that the relative rate of growth of the more conventional fertilizer of formula fertilizer is 22.65%, and nitrate content
Reduce 48.79%, soluble solid content increase by 2.38%, sugar-acid ratio increase by 22.75%, hence it is evident that improve quality.
Influence of the different fertilizer of table 4. processing to wax gourd quality
。
Compared with conventional fertilizers, the green elegant, nitrate content of string of bells hung round the neck wax gourd of formula fertilizer processing reduces 0.95%, 48.79%,
Soluble solid content increases by 7.02%, increase by 2.38% respectively, and Soluble adhesion molecule reduces by 15.95%, 7.66% respectively, can
Titration acid content reduces by 17.31%, 12.29% respectively, but sugar-acid ratio increases by 40.22%, 22.75% respectively, and moisture content does not have difference.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of vinyl house frame wax gourd changes the light simplified cultivation method of head, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
（1）Seeding and growing seedling
Presoaking and germinating：The water seed soaking of 50-60 DEG C of use before broadcasting, seed is poured into water ceaselessly agitation up to water temperature drop to 30
Below DEG C, then soak 4-6 hours, the seed after immersion is rinsed 2-3 times with clear water, is bound up with gauze, is placed on 28-30 DEG C of temperature
Lower vernalization, in pregermination procedure, early, evening, each warm water for using 30-35 DEG C was eluriated 1 time, and seed, which shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, to be sowed；
（2）Seedling management
Seedling stage day temperature is 20 DEG C~28 DEG C, and nocturnal temperature is 10 DEG C~18 DEG C, it is ensured that 10 DEG C of day and night temperatures are realized, before field planting
Carry out hardening, strong sprout within 5-8 days；
（3）Fertilising and site preparation
Fertilizer paving is first imposed on into ground, then machine is turned over or artificial spade is turned over, and fertilizer is fully mixed with soil, plane earth is hugged afterwards,
From high ridge plantation；
（4）Field planting
Resident time is in late March, and on the top of ridge digging cave bands according to 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows sticks together cultivation seedling, and every mu is colonized 2500-3000 plants,
Field planting water is poured after field planting；
（5）Field management
Temperature treatment：
A, field planting-seedling-slowing stage temperature adjusting：30-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night is not less than 15 DEG C, beneficial to slow seedling；
After b, slow seedling-sit melon phase temperature adjusting：25-35 DEG C of daytime temperature, night is kept for more than 13 DEG C；
Fertilizer, water management：
A, seedling recovering water：7-10 days after field planting, a slow seedling is poured permeable；
B, spend preceding rich water：Before flowering, disposable fertilizer is applied according to the water conservation of soil, fertilizer-preserving ability, soil fertility level and the growing way of plant
Water；
C, swelling melon fertilizer water：Rich water is applied when melon length to walnut-egg size, mu applies 25-35 kilograms of tri compound Water soluble fertilizer, from
Swollen melon is to maturation, according to soil moisture content, plant growing way, spraying fertilizer, waters；
Branches and tendrils management：
Every plant of stem seat melon number is after 1-2, top stem reserves pinching after 7-8 sections again, and selection one is sturdy after melon is occupied stably
Side shoot as stem, remaining side shoot all removes, and stays after full, the healthy and strong melons codes of 1-2, reserves at an upper portion thereof on new stem
Pinching is carried out after 7-8 sections, a sturdy side shoot is selected after melon is occupied stably as stem, the like；
（6）Harvest
Harvested within 25-30 days after sitting melon.
2. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that crops for rotation arrangement is vinyl house spring cultivation, at the beginning of 2 months
Seeding and growing seedling, late March field planting is harvested mid-May.
3. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that wax gourd kind is early spring wax gourd Beijing-string age or green
It is elegant.
4. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）72 hole disks, nursery base are selected in middle sowing
Matter is from commodity matrix or using useless mushroom material：Vermiculite volume ratio=2:1 formula, matrix dose is 4.0 kilograms/m of chicken manure3With it is multiple
2.5 kgs/m of Hefei3, wherein N in composite fertilizer:P:K mass ratio=15:15:15.
5. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）The standard of middle strong sprout is：Plant height 10-13
Centimetre, stem is thick in 3 millimeters, and seedling vigorous index is more than 0.7, and physiology seedling age is two leaves or the heart stage of three leaf one, and cotyledon is intact, and internode is short
Slightly, leaf dark green is plump, well developed root system, healthy and strong disease-free, seedling age 30-38 days.
6. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）Middle dose is every mu of organic fertilizer
3000 kilograms, 40 kilograms of composite fertilizer.
7. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（3）Middle 80 centimetres of line-spacing, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows,
Root growth, a ridge a line, ridge is high 10-15 centimetres.
8. cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step（5）N in the fertilizer that middle swelling melon fertilizer water is used:
P2O5:K2O mass ratio=2.86:1:1.56.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113099978A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting cucumis metuliferus for promoting plant development |
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- 2017-05-25 CN CN201710378378.9A patent/CN107135777A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113099978A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-07-13 | 广西贺州市正丰现代农业股份有限公司 | Method for planting cucumis metuliferus for promoting plant development |
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