CN108729252A - 一种3d效果的pu复合皮革及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种3d效果的pu复合皮革及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108729252A
CN108729252A CN201810792462.XA CN201810792462A CN108729252A CN 108729252 A CN108729252 A CN 108729252A CN 201810792462 A CN201810792462 A CN 201810792462A CN 108729252 A CN108729252 A CN 108729252A
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孙建禄
潘红
高金岗
孙利
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Suzhou Ruigao New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，依次包括3D基底层、PU复合层、涂饰层，所述3D基底层、PU复合层之间具有粘合剂层，所述粘合剂层的原料为无溶剂PU粘合剂，所述涂饰层为水性涂饰层，所述PU复合层包括PU单层和高固层，所述PU单层的原料包含以重量份计的：PU树脂95‑105份、DMF 62‑70份、醋酸乙酯13‑16份、色浆7.5‑9份；所述高固层的原料包含以重量份计的：高固树脂95‑105份、交联剂6‑7.5份、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯2.5‑4份、阻燃剂12‑16份、流平剂 0.55‑0.7份、色浆15‑0.25份、发泡剂0.6‑1份。本发明的3D效果的PU复合皮革及其制备方法，同以往的PU复合材料相比，去除了基布，使得材料更加轻量化，支撑性强；且在汽车内饰成型过程前，省去了PU革复合3D的过程，3D效果呈现显著的同时，减少了成本。

Description

一种3D效果的PU复合皮革及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及人造革领域，尤其涉及一种3D效果的PU复合皮革及其制备方法。
背景技术
皮革所具有的的特殊性能和手感，使其成为箱包、服装、鞋、车辆和家具的装饰中“高档”的代名词，充分得到了市场的肯定，其应用范围之广，数量之大，品种之多，难以估量。而由于天然皮革生产周期长，数量有限，人造革成为其替代品，而人造革领域也种类繁多，高档的人造革甚至比真皮价格还昂贵。
PU人造革就是聚氨酯成份的表皮，适用于做各种取代真皮做的装饰，定型效果好表面光亮。一般PU皮革的制造包括基布处理、胶料制备、涂覆、贴合、表面处理、卷取等工序。目前，PU皮革的制造工艺已经渐趋成熟，但市面上对于高贴合度的性能的PU皮革却尚未得到广泛普及。PU复合3D的工艺能够给汽车内饰带来极佳的高档感。但目前的工艺，在汽车内饰成型过程前，且基布较重；有PU革复合3D的过程，不利于汽车的减重设计，比较复杂且不能保证质量。
因此，一种3D效果的PU复合皮革和其工艺的开发是必要的。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明开发一种高贴合度的PU皮革，3D立体感十足，用料轻量化，综合性能优异，以克服现有技术中的不足。
发明内容：一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，依次包括3D基底层、PU复合层、涂饰层，所述3D基底层、PU复合层之间具有粘合剂层，所述粘合剂层的原料为无溶剂PU粘合剂，所述涂饰层为水性涂饰层，所述PU复合层包括PU单层和高固层，所述PU单层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
所述高固层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
作为优选，所述涂饰层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
涂饰层注重美感，故而使用光学效应的表面处理，消光或半亮；而加以耐磨性等处理，使其综合使用性能得以最大发挥。
作为优选，所述粘合剂层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
无溶剂粘合剂粘合一体化程度高，使用耐久。
进一步，所述无溶剂粘合剂A料为聚酯多元醇，所述无溶剂粘合剂B料为异氰酸酯。以上搭配的粘合剂性能优异，适用于本发明的配方。
作为优选，所述PU单层的厚度为0.1-0.15mm。PU单层的厚度达到了经济和性能的平衡点。
作为优选，所述高固层的厚度为0.18-0.25mm。高固层的厚度达到了经济和性能的平衡点。
作为优选，所述粘合剂层的厚度为0.1-0.2mm。粘合剂层的厚度达到了经济和性能的平衡点。
作为优选，所述3D基底层的材质为三维立体网格材料。三维立体网格材料使本发明材料呈现3D效果的基础，结合工艺，可得到独一无二的造型体验。
一种3D效果的PU复合皮革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、按照配方重量份比例，在PU树脂中，加入DMF、醋酸乙酯、色浆，得到PU混合料，取一离型纸；搅拌均匀后，将PU混合料涂于离型纸上，涂层厚度控制在(0.25±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为70/80/100/110/125/125℃，烘干时间共计4min，得PU面层，也即得到PU单层；
(2)、按照配方重量份比例，在高固树脂中，加入交联剂、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、阻燃剂、流平剂、色浆、发泡剂，得到高固混合料，涂在面层的PU单层上，涂层厚度在(0.4±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为150/160/165/165/160/150℃，烘干时间共计3min，得PU中层，也即得到了PU复合层；
(3)、按照配方重量份比例，添加无溶剂粘合剂A料、无溶剂粘合剂B料、促进剂、熟化剂、流平剂、阻燃剂，制得无溶剂PU粘合剂，将无溶剂PU粘合剂涂至PU中层的表面，涂层厚度(0.6±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min；
(4)、无溶剂PU粘合剂贴合3D基底层，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为135/135/135/140/140/140/140/140/145/145/145/145/145/145℃，烘干时间10min，然后分离离型纸，分离离型纸一面为纹理面，卷曲，制成PU复合半成品；此时形成粘合剂层、3D基底层；
(5)、按照配方重量份比例，添加半亮消光表面处理剂、消光表面处理剂、干滑手感耐磨剂、湿滑手感耐磨剂、防污剂、流平剂、交联剂、工业蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到涂饰剂，用辊涂机，将涂饰剂辊涂到纹理面，车速控制在(10±2)m/min，烘干，烘干温度依次为120/125/130/130/130/125℃，烘干时间2-3min，烘干后卷曲，即得到3D效果的PU复合皮革成品；成检合格后投放市场。
进一步，步骤(3)中，将制得的无溶剂PU粘合剂层预烘烤至半干贴环境，半干贴阶梯式调温的温度依次为80/90/90/90/90/90℃。半干贴为使树脂浆料达到一定干燥度再贴合的方式，工艺要求较高，优点显著如手感软、纹路细致等，特别适合于高端汽车造革用。
和现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：本发明的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，结构紧凑，工艺巧妙，3D效果明显。3D基底层、PU层、涂饰层层次鲜明，且离型纸的介入使工艺过程紧密而可靠，每一层都经过精选配方调制，确保质量；制备方法步骤精细，涂层、贴合均匀连续，烘干过程的阶梯式使其涂层效果和质感得以保证。本发明的3D效果的PU复合皮革及其制备方法，同以往的PU复合材料相比，去除了基布，使得材料更加轻量化，支撑性强；且在汽车内饰成型过程前，省去了PU革复合3D的过程，3D效果呈现显著的同时，减少了成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明总体层次结构的示意图，图2是本发明制备方法的步骤简要示意图。
图中：1-3D基底层，2-PU复合层，21-PU单层，22-高固层，3-涂饰层，4-粘合剂层。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
实施例1～5
如图1～2，一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，依次包括3D基底层1、PU复合层2、涂饰层3，所述3D基底层1、PU复合层2之间具有粘合剂层4，所述粘合剂层4的原料为无溶剂PU粘合剂，所述涂饰层3为水性涂饰层，所述PU复合层2包括PU单层21和高固层22；所述PU单层21的厚度为0.1-0.15mm，所述高固层22的厚度为0.18-0.25mm，所述粘合剂层4的厚度为0.1-0.2mm，所述3D基底层1的材质为三维立体网格材料。
所述PU单层21、高固层22、涂饰层3、粘合剂层4在实施例1～5中包含如表1所示的重量份的组份。以下各个层的重量份组份仅表示相对于该层的重量份比例，各层之间的重量份的基准无关。
表1PU单层、高固层、涂饰层、粘合剂层的组分(单位：重量份)
其中，所述无溶剂粘合剂A料为聚酯多元醇，所述无溶剂粘合剂B料为异氰酸酯。
一种3D效果的PU复合皮革的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)、按照配方重量份比例，在PU树脂中，加入DMF、醋酸乙酯、色浆，得到PU混合料，取一离型纸；搅拌均匀后，将PU混合料涂于离型纸上，涂层厚度控制在(0.25±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为70/80/100/110/125/125℃，烘干时间共计4min，得PU面层，也即得到PU单层21；
(2)、按照配方重量份比例，在高固树脂中，加入交联剂、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、阻燃剂、流平剂、色浆、发泡剂，得到高固混合料，涂在面层的PU单层上，涂层厚度在(0.4±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为150/160/165/165/160/150℃，烘干时间共计3min，得PU中层，也即得到了PU复合层2；
(3)、按照配方重量份比例，添加无溶剂粘合剂A料、无溶剂粘合剂B料、促进剂、熟化剂、流平剂、阻燃剂，制得无溶剂PU粘合剂，将无溶剂PU粘合剂涂至PU中层的表面，涂层厚度(0.6±0.01)mm，车速控制在(10±1)m/min；将制得的无溶剂PU粘合剂层预烘烤至半干贴环境，半干贴阶梯式调温的温度依次为80/90/90/90/90/90℃；
(4)、无溶剂PU粘合剂贴合3D基底层，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为135/135/135/140/140/140/140/140/145/145/145/145/145/145℃，烘干时间10min，然后分离离型纸，分离离型纸一面为纹理面，卷曲，制成PU复合半成品；此时形成粘合剂层4、3D基底层1；
(5)、按照配方重量份比例，添加半亮消光表面处理剂、消光表面处理剂、干滑手感耐磨剂、湿滑手感耐磨剂、防污剂、流平剂、交联剂、工业蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到涂饰剂，用辊涂机，将涂饰剂辊涂到纹理面，车速控制在(10±2)m/min，烘干，烘干温度依次为120/125/130/130/130/125℃，烘干时间2-3min，烘干后卷曲，即得到3D效果的PU复合皮革成品；成检合格后投放市场。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的优选技术方案，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员而言，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，所做出的若干改进或等同替换，均视为本发明的保护范围，仍应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

1.一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，依次包括3D基底层、PU复合层、涂饰层，所述3D基底层、PU复合层之间具有粘合剂层，所述粘合剂层的原料为无溶剂PU粘合剂，所述涂饰层为水性涂饰层，所述PU复合层包括PU单层和高固层，所述PU单层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
PU树脂 95-105份
DMF 62-70份
醋酸乙酯 13-16份
色浆 7.5-9份；
所述高固层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
高固树脂 95-105份
交联剂 6-7.5份
丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯 2.5-4份
阻燃剂 12-16份
流平剂 0.55-0.7份
色浆 0.15-0.25份
发泡剂 0.6-1份。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述涂饰层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
半亮消光表面处理剂 5-7份
消光表面处理剂 3.5-5份
干滑手感耐磨剂 0.6-0.8份
湿滑手感耐磨剂 0.6-0.75份
防污剂 0.6-0.8份
流平剂 0.3-0.35份
交联剂 0.75-0.9份
工业蒸馏水 2.4-4份。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述粘合剂层的原料包含以下重量份的组份：
无溶剂粘合剂A料 95-105份
无溶剂粘合剂B料 48-70份
促进剂 0.04-0.06份
熟化剂 0.18-0.3份
流平剂 0.15-0.25份
阻燃剂 11-16份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述无溶剂粘合剂A料为聚酯多元醇，所述无溶剂粘合剂B料为异氰酸酯。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述PU单层的厚度为0.1-0.15mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述高固层的厚度为0.18-0.25mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述粘合剂层的厚度为0.1-0.2mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革，其特征在于，所述3D基底层的材质为三维立体网格材料。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
（1）、按照配方重量份比例，在PU树脂中，加入DMF、醋酸乙酯、色浆，得到PU混合料，取一离型纸；搅拌均匀后，将PU混合料涂于离型纸上，涂层厚度控制在（0.25±0.01）mm，车速控制在（10±1）m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为70/80/100/110/125/125℃，烘干时间共计4min，得PU面层，也即得到PU单层；
（2）、按照配方重量份比例，在高固树脂中，加入交联剂、丙二醇甲醚醋酸酯、阻燃剂、流平剂、色浆、发泡剂，得到高固混合料，涂在面层的PU单层上，涂层厚度在（0.4±0.01）mm，车速控制在（10±1）m/min，加热烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为150/160/165/165/160/150℃，烘干时间共计3min，得PU中层，也即得到了PU复合层；
（3）、按照配方重量份比例，添加无溶剂粘合剂A料、无溶剂粘合剂B料、促进剂、熟化剂、流平剂、阻燃剂，制得无溶剂PU粘合剂，将无溶剂PU粘合剂涂至PU中层的表面，涂层厚度（0.6±0.01）mm，车速控制在（10±1）m/min；
（4）、无溶剂PU粘合剂贴合3D基底层，烘干，烘箱阶梯式升温，温度依次为135/135/135/140/140/140/140/140/145/145/145/145/145/145℃，烘干时间10min，然后分离离型纸，分离离型纸一面为纹理面，卷曲，制成PU复合半成品；此时形成粘合剂层、3D基底层；
（5）、按照配方重量份比例，添加半亮消光表面处理剂、消光表面处理剂、干滑手感耐磨剂、湿滑手感耐磨剂、防污剂、流平剂、交联剂、工业蒸馏水，搅拌均匀，得到涂饰剂，用辊涂机，将涂饰剂辊涂到纹理面，车速控制在（10±2）m/min，烘干，烘干温度依次为120/125/130/130/130/125℃，烘干时间2-3min，烘干后卷曲，即得到3D效果的PU复合皮革成品；成检合格后投放市场。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种3D效果的PU复合皮革的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤（3）中，将制得的无溶剂PU粘合剂层预烘烤至半干贴环境，半干贴阶梯式调温的温度依次为80/90/90/90/90/90℃。
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