CN108656968A - 车辆用电源装置 - Google Patents

车辆用电源装置 Download PDF

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CN108656968A
CN108656968A CN201711460743.7A CN201711460743A CN108656968A CN 108656968 A CN108656968 A CN 108656968A CN 201711460743 A CN201711460743 A CN 201711460743A CN 108656968 A CN108656968 A CN 108656968A
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power storage
storage body
state
power
case
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CN108656968B (zh
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木下贵博
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Subaru Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/14Preventing excessive discharging
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/02Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/14Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric lighting circuits
    • B60L1/16Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric lighting circuits fed by the power supply line
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0046Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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    • B60L58/13Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/22Balancing the charge of battery modules
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L7/00Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/04Arrangement of batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00306Overdischarge protection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L2240/00Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明保护蓄电体。具有:起动发电机(16),其与发动机连结;铅电池(31),其与起动发电机(16)连接;锂离子电池(32),其与铅电池(31)并联地与起动发电机(16)连接;开关(SW1),其切换为将起动发电机(16)和铅电池(31)连接的导通状态和将起动发电机(16)和铅电池(31)切断的断开状态;开关控制部,其在起动发电机(16)被控制为动力运行状态的情况下,将开关从导通状态切换至断开状态;蓄电体判定部,其判定锂离子电池是否处于能够正常放电的正常状态,开关控制部在伴随起动发电机的动力运行控制而开关被切换至断开状态,且判定为锂离子电池为异常状态的状态下,在铅电池超过阈值而放电的情况下,维持开关的断开状态。

Description

车辆用电源装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种搭载于车辆的车辆用电源装置。
背景技术
作为搭载于车辆的车辆用电源装置,提出了使ISG(Integrated StarterGenerator)等电动发电机进行再生发电的电源装置(参照专利文献1)。另外,专利文献1所记载的电源装置具有彼此并联连接的铅电池以及锂离子电池作为电池等蓄电体。由此,不仅能够将再生电力充电至铅电池,而且还能够将再生电力充电至锂离子电池,能够增加再生电力而提高车辆的能效。
专利文献1:日本特开2014-36557号公报
发明内容
然而,在具有多个蓄电体的电源装置中,各个蓄电体连接有致动器等电气负载,这些电气负载的消耗电力处于逐年增加的倾向。因此,根据与蓄电体连接的电气负载的动作状况,有使特定的蓄电体过度放电的担心。因此,可以想到,在使蓄电体过度放电的状况下,通过对在电源电路设置的开关进行控制,从而将多个蓄电体彼此连接而避免蓄电体的过度放电。
然而,由于在各个蓄电体连接有电气负载,因此,为了保护特定的蓄电体而连接其他蓄电体也会导致对于保护对象的蓄电体连接新的电气负载。因此,根据与保护对象的蓄电体连接的新的电气负载的动作状况,有使应该保护的蓄电体进一步放电的担心,因此要求解决这样的问题。
本发明的目的在于保护蓄电体。
本发明的车辆用电源装置搭载于车辆,该车辆用电源装置具有:电动发电机,其与发动机连结;第1蓄电体,其与所述电动发电机连接;第2蓄电体,其与所述第1蓄电体并联地与所述电动发电机连接;开关,其切换为将所述电动发电机和所述第1蓄电体连接的导通状态和将所述电动发电机和所述第1蓄电体切断的断开状态;开关控制部,其在所述电动发电机被控制为动力运行状态的情况下,将所述开关从导通状态切换至断开状态;蓄电体判定部,其判定所述第2蓄电体是处于能够正常放电的正常状态、还是处于无法正常放电的异常状态,作为所述开关控制部,在伴随所述电动发电机的动力运行控制而所述开关被切换至断开状态,且判定为所述第2蓄电体处于正常状态的状态下,在所述第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况下,将所述开关从断开状态切换至导通状态,另一方面,在伴随所述电动发电机的动力运行控制而所述开关被切换至断开状态,且判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态的状态下,在所述第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况下,维持所述开关的断开状态。
发明的效果
根据本发明,在伴随电动发电机的动力运行控制而开关被切换至断开状态,且判定出第2蓄电体处于异常状态的状态下,第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况下,维持开关的断开状态。由此,能够防止第1蓄电体的过度放电而进行保护。
附图说明
图1是表示搭载有作为本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用电源装置的车辆的结构例的概略图。
图2是表示电源电路的一个例子的电路图。
图3是表示将起动发电机控制为发电状态时的电力供给状况的图。
图4是表示将起动发电机控制为发电停止状态时的电力供给状况的图。
图5是表示电池保护控制的执行步骤的一个例子的流程图。
图6是表示图5所示的步骤S13的详细步骤的一个例子的流程图。
图7是表示图5所示的步骤S14的详细步骤的一个例子的流程图。
图8是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
图9是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
图10是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
图11是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
图12是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
图13是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。
标号的说明
10车辆用电源装置,12发动机,16起动发电机(电动发电机),
31铅电池(第1蓄电体),32锂离子电池(第2蓄电体),42电池控制器(蓄电体判定部),51侧滑防止装置(大容量负载),52电动动力转向装置(大容量负载),53前照灯(大容量负载),60主控制器,70开关控制部,71电池判定部(蓄电体判定部),72电动机控制部
具体实施方式
下面,基于附图,对本发明的实施方式进行详细说明。图1是表示搭载有作为本发明的一个实施方式的车辆用电源装置10的车辆11的结构例的概略图。如图1所示,车辆11搭载有具有作为动力源的发动机12的动力单元13。发动机12的曲轴14经由传动带机构15与起动发电机(电动发电机)16机械地连结。另外,发动机12经由变矩器17与变速机构18连结,变速机构18经由差速器机构19等与车轮20连结。
与发动机12连结的起动发电机16是作为发电机以及电动机起作用的所谓的ISG(Integrated Starter Generator)。起动发电机16不仅作为被曲轴14驱动的发电机起作用,还作为使曲轴14旋转的电动机起作用。例如,在怠速停止控制中使发动机12再起动的情况下、起步时或加速时辅助发动机12的情况下,作为电动机,起动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态。起动发电机16具有具备定子线圈的定子21和具备励磁线圈的转子22。另外,为了控制定子线圈、励磁线圈的通电状态,在起动发电机16设置有由逆变器、调节器以及微机等构成的ISG控制器23。通过利用ISG控制器23对励磁线圈、定子线圈的通电状态进行控制,能够控制起动发电机16的发电扭矩、动力运行扭矩等。
[电源电路]
对车辆用电源装置10所具有的电源电路30进行说明。图2是表示电源电路30的一个例子的电路图。如图2所示,电源电路30具有:铅电池(第1蓄电体)31,其与起动发电机16电连接;锂离子电池(第2蓄电体)32,其与该铅电池31并联地与起动发电机16电连接。此外,为了使锂离子电池32积极地放电,锂离子电池32的端子电压设计为比铅电池31的端子电压高。另外,为了使锂离子电池32积极地充放电,锂离子电池32的内部电阻设计为比铅电池31的内部电阻小。
正极线33与铅电池31的正极端子31a连接,正极线34与锂离子电池32的正极端子32a连接,正极线35与起动发电机16的正极端子16a连接。这些正极线33~35经由连触点36彼此连接。另外,负极线37与铅电池31的负极端子31b连接,负极线38与锂离子电池32的负极端子32b连接,负极线39与起动发电机16的负极端子16b连接。这些负极线37~39与基准电位点40连接。
在铅电池31的正极线33设置有切换为导通状态和断开状态的开关(开关、第1开关)SW1。通过将开关SW1控制为导通状态,能够将起动发电机16和铅电池31连接。另一方面,通过将开关SW1控制为断开状态,能够将起动发电机16和铅电池31切断。另外,在锂离子电池32的正极线34设置有对导通状态和断开状态进行切换的开关(第2开关)SW2。通过将开关SW2控制为导通状态,能够将起动发电机16和锂离子电池32连接。另一方面,通过将开关SW2控制为断开状态,能够将起动发电机16和锂离子电池32切断。这些开关SW1、SW2既可以是由MOSFET等半导体元件构成的开关,也可以是使用电磁力等使触点机械地开闭的开关。此外,开关SW1、SW2也被称为继电器、接触器等。
如图1所示,在电源电路30设置有电池模块41。在该电池模块41组装有锂离子电池32,并且组装有开关SW1、SW2。另外,在电池模块41设置有由微机等构成的电池控制器42。电池控制器42具有监视锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC、充放电电流、端子电压、电池温度、内部电阻等的功能及控制开关SW1、SW2的功能。
在铅电池31的正极线33连接有由多个电气负载构成的电气负载组50。作为构成电气负载组50的电气负载,设置有:使车辆的行驶姿势稳定的侧滑防止装置51;辅助驾驶员的转向操作的电动动力转向装置52;向车辆前方照射光的前照灯53;向乘员显示各种信息的仪表板54等。在例示的电气负载中,侧滑防止装置51、电动动力转向装置52以及前照灯53是消耗电力超过规定的电力阈值的大容量设备(大容量负载)。此外,作为消耗电力大的大容量设备,并不限定于前述的各装置,例如,加热鼓风机、PTC加热器以及电加热器等装置也相当于大容量设备。
另外,虽然未图示,但是在铅电池31的正极线33连接有ISG控制器23、电池控制器42、后述的主控制器60等各种控制器作为电气负载。即,各种控制器23、42、60作为构成电气负载组50的电气负载之一而设置。另外,在铅电池31的负极线37设置有电池传感器55。该电池传感器55具有检测铅电池31的充电电流、放电电流、端子电压、充电状态SOC等的功能。此外,在正极线33设置有保护电气负载组50等的熔断器56。
[电池充放电控制]
对锂离子电池32的充放电控制进行说明。为了控制锂离子电池32的充放电,车辆用电源装置10设置有由微机等构成的主控制器60。主控制器60、前述的各控制器23、42经由CAN、LIN等车载网络61而连接为彼此自由通信。主控制器60基于锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC将起动发电机16控制为发电状态或发电停止状态,从而对锂离子电池32的充放电进行控制。此外,充电状态SOC(state of charge)是指电池的蓄电量相对于设计容量的比率。该充电状态SOC从电池控制器42发送至主控制器60。
图3是表示将起动发电机16控制为发电状态时的电力供给状况的图。图4是表示将起动发电机16控制为发电停止状态时的电力供给状况的图。此外,作为起动发电机16的发电状态,有下述状态,即,通过发动机动力使起动发电机16旋转驱动的燃烧发电状态;以及通过车辆减速时的动能使起动发电机16旋转驱动的再生发电状态。
如图3所示,例如在锂离子电池32的蓄电量耗竭的情况下,起动发电机16被控制为燃烧发电状态。即,在锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC低于规定的下限值的情况下,为了对锂离子电池32进行充电而提高充电状态SOC,起动发电机16被控制为燃烧发电状态。在将起动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态时,起动发电机16的发电电压被提高为比锂离子电池32的端子电压高。由此,如图3中黑色箭头所示,电力从起动发电机16被供给至锂离子电池32、电气负载组50以及铅电池31等,因此通过起动发电机16对锂离子电池32进行充电。
如图4所示,例如在锂离子电池32的蓄电量得到充分确保的情况下,起动发电机16被控制为发电停止状态。即,在锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC超过规定的上限值的情况下,为了促进锂离子电池32的放电而减小发动机负载,起动发电机16被控制为发电停止状态。在将起动发电机16控制为发电停止状态时,起动发电机16的发电电压被降低为比锂离子电池32的端子电压低。由此,如图4中黑色箭头所示,电力从锂离子电池32被供给至电气负载组50,因此能够抑制起动发电机16的发电,能够降低发动机负载。
如前所述,基于充电状态SOC将起动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态、发电停止状态,但是从提高车辆11的燃料消耗性能的观点出发,在车辆减速时将起动发电机16控制为再生发电状态。由此,能够将车辆11的动能转换为电能并回收,能够提高车辆11的能效。对于是否执行起动发电机16的再生发电,基于加速踏板、制动踏板的操作状况等来确定。例如,在车辆行驶中加速踏板的踩踏被解除的情况下、车辆行驶中踩踏了制动踏板的情况下,起动发电机16的发电电压被提高为比锂离子电池32的端子电压高,如图3所示,起动发电机16被控制为再生发电状态。此外,如图3以及图4所示,在将起动发电机16控制为燃烧发电状态、再生发电状态以及发电停止状态时,开关SW1、SW2被保持为导通状态。
[电池保护控制]
下面,对保护铅电池31的电池保护控制进行说明。该电池保护控制是通过主控制器60在每个规定周期执行的。图5是表示电池保护控制的执行步骤的一个例子的流程图。另外,图6是表示图5所示的步骤S13的详细步骤的一个例子的流程图,图7是表示图5所示的步骤S14的详细步骤的一个例子的流程图。另外,图8~图13是表示电池保护控制的各过程中的电力供给状况的图。此外,在图5~图13中,开关SW1、SW2的导通状态记载为ON,开关SW1、SW2的断开状态记载为OFF。另外,在图5~图7中,起动发电机16记载为ISG,铅电池31记载为PbB,锂离子电池32记载为LIB。
如图1所示,在集中各控制器23、42的主控制器60设置有开关控制部70、电池判定部71以及电动机控制部72等。主控制器60的开关控制部70基于起动发电机16、铅电池31以及锂离子电池32的动作状态,设定开关SW1、SW2的动作目标,将符合该动作目标的控制信号向电池控制器42输出。另外,主控制器60的电池判定部(蓄电体判定部)71基于起动发电机16、锂离子电池32的动作状态,判定锂离子电池32是否为能够正常放电的正常状态。并且,主控制器60的电动机控制部72基于开关SW1、SW2、起动发电机16的动作状态,设定起动发电机16的动作目标,将符合该动作目标的控制信号向ISG控制器23输出。
如图5所示,在步骤S10中,判定起动发电机16的动力运行条件是否成立。起动发电机16的动力运行条件成立的状况是指,在发动机起动时通过起动发电机16使发动机12起动旋转的状况;在车辆起步时、车辆加速时通过起动发电机16对发动机12进行辅助驱动的状况。在步骤S10中,在判定为起动发电机16的动力运行条件成立的情况下,进入至步骤S11,开关SW1从导通状态切换至断开状态。接着,在步骤S12中,向ISG控制器23输出动力运行指令,起动发电机16被控制为动力运行状态。
由此,在将起动发电机16控制为动力运行状态时,开关SW1从导通状态切换至断开状态。如图8所示,通过将开关SW1切换至断开状态,由锂离子电池32以及起动发电机16构成的电源电路62与由铅电池31以及电气负载组50构成的电源电路63彼此切断。即,如图8中黑色箭头所示,即使在起动发电机16的消耗电力增加的状况下,也能够从铅电池31向电气负载组50供给电力,而不是电力从铅电池31被供给至起动发电机16。由此,能够防止针对电气负载组50的瞬间的电压降低即瞬降,能够不给乘员带来不适感地控制车辆11。
如图5所示,在步骤S12中,如果动力运行指令被输出至起动发电机16,则进入至步骤S13,判定铅电池31的放电状况是否为高负载放电。接着,按照图6所示的流程图,对判定铅电池31的放电状况是否为高负载放电时的步骤进行说明。
如图6所示,在判定铅电池31的放电状况是否为高负载放电时,在步骤S20中,判定铅电池31的端子电压V_Pb是否低于规定的阈值电压v1。在该步骤S20中,在判定为端子电压V_Pb低于阈值电压v1的情况下,进入至步骤S21,判定铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电、即为铅电池31超过规定的阈值而放电的状况。
在步骤S20中,在判定为铅电池31的端子电压V_Pb大于或等于阈值电压v1的情况下,进入至步骤S22,判定铅电池31的放电电流I_Pb是否超过规定的阈值电流i1。在该步骤S22中,在判定为放电电流I_Pb超过阈值电流i1的情况下,进入至步骤S21,判定铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电、即为铅电池31超过规定的阈值而放电的状况。
在步骤S22中,在判定为铅电池31的放电电流I_Pb小于或等于阈值电流i1的情况下,进入至步骤S23,判定消耗电力大的大容量设备51~53是否动作。在步骤S23中,在判定为大容量设备51~53中的至少任一个动作的情况下,进入至步骤S21,判定铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电、即为铅电池31超过规定的阈值而放电的状况。
另一方面,在步骤S23中,在判定为大容量设备51~53均未动作的情况下,进入至步骤S24,判定铅电池31的放电状况为低负载放电、即为铅电池31低于规定的阈值而放电的状况。即,在判定为铅电池31的端子电压V_Pb大于或等于阈值电压v1、判定为铅电池31的放电电流I_Pb小于或等于阈值电流i1、且判定为大容量设备51~53均未动作的情况下,判定铅电池31的放电状况为低负载放电。
按照上述的步骤,在判定为铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电的情况下,如图5所示,进入至步骤S14,判定锂离子电池32是否为无法正常放电的异常状态。接着,按照图7所示的流程图,对判定锂离子电池32是否为异常状态时的步骤进行说明。
如图7所示,在判定锂离子电池32是否为异常状态时,在步骤S30中,判定主控制器60是否接收到表示锂离子电池32的异常状态的异常信号。对于还作为蓄电体判定部起作用的电池控制器42,在锂离子电池32的内部电阻低于规定的阈值电阻的情况下,判定为锂离子电池32处于能够正常放电的正常状态,在锂离子电池32的内部电阻超过规定的阈值电阻的情况下,判定为锂离子电池32处于无法正常放电的异常状态。另外,作为电池控制器42,在锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC超过规定的蓄电阈值的情况下,判定为锂离子电池32处于能够正常放电的正常状态,在锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC低于规定的蓄电阈值的情况下,判定为锂离子电池32处于无法正常放电的异常状态。即,在锂离子电池32的内部电阻超过规定的阈值电阻的情况下、锂离子电池32的充电状态SOC低于规定的蓄电阈值的情况下,通过电池控制器42判定为锂离子电池32处于异常状态。而且,电池控制器42将表示锂离子电池32的异常状态的异常信号向主控制器60发送。
在步骤S30中判定为主控制器60未接收到异常信号的情况下,进入至步骤S31,判定动力运行指令是否输出至起动发电机16。在步骤S31中判定为动力运行指令输出至起动发电机16的情况下,进入至步骤S32,判定锂离子电池32的放电电流I_LIB是否低于规定的阈值电流i2。在步骤S32中判定为锂离子电池32的放电电流I_LIB大于或等于阈值电流i2的情况下,处于伴随起动发电机16的动力运行控制而从锂离子电池32供给充分的电流的状况。因此,进入至步骤S33,判定为锂离子电池32处于正常状态。
另一方面,在步骤S32中判定为锂离子电池32的放电电流I_LIB低于阈值电流i2的情况下,处于伴随起动发电机16的动力运行控制而未从锂离子电池32供给充分的电流的状况。因此,进入至步骤S34,判定为锂离子电池32处于异常状态。另外,在步骤S30中判定为主控制器60接收到异常信号的情况下,也进入至步骤S34,判定为锂离子电池32处于异常状态。
按照上述的步骤,在判定为锂离子电池32处于正常状态的情况下,如图5所示,进入至步骤S15,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态。由此,在判定为铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电,且锂离子电池32处于正常状态的情况下,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态。
在此,在开关SW1断开了的状态下铅电池31的放电状况为高负载放电的情况,是指从铅电池31向电气负载组50供给的电力增加的状况。因此,如图9所示,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态,锂离子电池32与电气负载组50连接。即,如图9中黑色箭头所示,能够从锂离子电池32向电气负载组50供给电力,能够防止铅电池31的过度放电而保护铅电池31。另外,能够使车辆用电源装置10的电源电压稳定,能够使电气负载组50正常起作用。
如图5所示,在步骤S14中判定为锂离子电池32处于无法正常放电的异常状态的情况下,进入至步骤S16,持续开关SW1的断开状态。由此,判定为锂离子电池32处于异常状态的状况,是指如图10所示,虽然动力运行指令输出至起动发电机16,但未从锂离子电池32向起动发电机16供给充分的电力的状况。即,在图10所示的状况下如果将开关SW1切换至导通状态,则如箭头α所示,电力从铅电池31向动力运行指令中的起动发电机16供给,因此担心使铅电池31过度放电。因此,如图5所示,在步骤S14中判定为锂离子电池32处于异常状态的情况下,进入至步骤S16,持续开关SW1的断开状态。由此,如图10所示,能够避免铅电池31相对于动力运行指令中的起动发电机16的连接,能够防止铅电池31的过度放电而保护铅电池31。
如图5所示,在步骤S16中,如果持续开关SW1的断开状态,则进入至步骤S17,向起动发电机16输出发电指令,起动发电机16被控制为发电状态。接着,进入至步骤S18,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态,进入至步骤S19,开关SW2从导通状态切换至断开状态。
即,如图11所示,在持续开关SW1的断开状态的状态下,向起动发电机16输出发电指令。而且,如图12所示,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态。由此,如图12中黑色箭头所示,能够从起动发电机16向电气负载组50供给电力,能够防止铅电池31的过度放电而保护铅电池31。并且,如图13所示,开关SW2从导通状态切换至断开状态。由此,能够将异常状态的锂离子电池32从电源电路30切断,能够提高车辆用电源装置10的可靠性。
如上说明,在判定为伴随起动发电机16的动力运行控制而开关SW1切换至断开状态,且锂离子电池32处于正常状态的状态下,在铅电池31超过阈值而放电的情况下,开关SW1从断开状态切换至导通状态。由此,能够从处于正常状态的锂离子电池32供给电力,能够防止铅电池31的过度放电。
另一方面,在判定为伴随起动发电机16的动力运行控制而开关SW1切换至断开状态,且锂离子电池32处于异常状态的状态下,在铅电池31超过阈值而放电的情况下,维持开关SW1的断开状态。由此,能够避免从铅电池31向起动发电机16的放电,能够防止铅电池31的过度放电。
本发明并不限定于所述实施方式,在不脱离其主旨的范围内能够进行各种变更。在前述的说明中,作为第1蓄电体采用了铅电池31,作为第2蓄电体采用了锂离子电池32,但并不限定于此,也可以采用其他种类的电池、电容器。另外,当然第1蓄电体和第2蓄电体不限定于不同种类的蓄电体,也可以是相同种类的蓄电体。另外,在前述的说明中,作为电动发电机采用了作为ISG的起动发电机16,但并不限定于此,也可以采用作为混合动力车辆的动力源的电动发电机。
在前述的说明中,虽然使主控制器60作为开关控制部、蓄电体判定部以及电动机控制部起作用,但并不限定于此,可以将其他控制器作为开关控制部、蓄电体判定部以及电动机控制部起作用,也可以通过多个控制器构成开关控制部、蓄电体判定部以及电动机控制部。另外,在前述的说明中,虽然在电池模块41组装有开关SW1、SW2,但并不限定于此,当然也可以在电池模块41的外部设置开关SW1、SW2。并且,在前述的说明中,在锂离子电池32的正极线34设置有开关SW2,但并不限定于此。例如,如图2中单点划线所示,也可以在锂离子电池32的负极线38设置开关SW2。
在图6所示的流程图中,经由步骤S20、22、23判定铅电池31是否为高负载放电,但并不限定于此,也可以按照其他步骤判定铅电池31是否为高负载放电。另外,在图7所示的流程图中,经由步骤S30、31、32而判定锂离子电池32是否处于异常状态,但并不限定于此,也可以按照其他步骤判定锂离子电池32是否处于异常状态。

Claims (7)

1.一种车辆用电源装置,其搭载于车辆,其中,
该车辆用电源装置具有:
电动发电机,其与发动机连结;
第1蓄电体,其与所述电动发电机连接;
第2蓄电体,其与所述第1蓄电体并联地与所述电动发电机连接;
开关,其切换为将所述电动发电机和所述第1蓄电体连接的导通状态、和将所述电动发电机和所述第1蓄电体切断的断开状态;
开关控制部,其在所述电动发电机被控制为动力运行状态的情况下,将所述开关从导通状态切换至断开状态;以及
蓄电体判定部,其判定所述第2蓄电体是处于能够正常放电的正常状态、还是处于无法正常放电的异常状态,
作为所述开关控制部,
在伴随所述电动发电机的动力运行控制而所述开关被切换至断开状态,且判定为所述第2蓄电体处于正常状态的状态下,在所述第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况下,将所述开关从断开状态切换至导通状态,
另一方面,在伴随所述电动发电机的动力运行控制而所述开关被切换至断开状态,且判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态的状态下,在所述第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况下,维持所述开关的断开状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
控制所述电动发电机的电动机控制部在判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态而维持所述开关的断开状态的情况下,将所述电动发电机从动力运行状态切换至发电状态。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
该车辆用电源装置具有:
作为所述开关的第1开关;以及
第2开关,其切换为将所述电动发电机和所述第2蓄电体连接的导通状态和将所述电动发电机和所述第2蓄电体切断的断开状态,
所述开关控制部在判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态而维持所述第1开关的断开状态的情况下,将所述第2开关从导通状态切换至断开状态。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
作为所述蓄电体判定部,
在所述电动发电机被控制为动力运行状态的状况下,在所述第2蓄电体的放电电流大于或等于阈值电流的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于正常状态,
在所述电动发电机被控制为动力运行状态的状况下,在所述第2蓄电体的放电电流低于所述阈值电流的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
作为所述蓄电体判定部,
在所述第2蓄电体的充电状态超过蓄电阈值的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于正常状态,
在所述第2蓄电体的充电状态低于所述蓄电阈值的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
作为所述蓄电体判定部,
在所述第2蓄电体的内部电阻低于阈值电阻的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于正常状态,
在所述第2蓄电体的内部电阻超过所述阈值电阻的情况下,判定为所述第2蓄电体处于异常状态。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的车辆用电源装置,其中,
所述第1蓄电体超过阈值而放电的情况是指下述情况中的至少任一种情况:所述第1蓄电体的放电电流超过阈值电流的情况;所述第1蓄电体的端子电压低于阈值电压的情况;以及与所述第1蓄电体连接的大容量负载动作的情况。
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