CN108652000A - 一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以刺龙芽、枳椇子、姜黄为基础的符合药食同源的复合固体制品及其制备方法，该固体制品为纯天然配方，可应用于饮酒人群的护肝与促进解酒产品。本发明采用的是天然药食两用植物刺龙芽、枳椇子、姜黄,精提其主剂,与啤酒酵母科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型。按一定比例可制成固体饮料、固体粉末、口服糖果等各种产品，服食后可使饮酒中的酒精(乙醇)吸收减缓，分解增快的过程，从而减少乙醛的生成并加速乙醛和乙酸分解为二氧化碳和水，达到对肝脏和大脑神经的保护作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品保健领域，具体是以刺龙芽、枳椇子、姜黄为基础的符合药食同源的一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
过度饮酒已成为损害健康的重要因素之一，酒精对机体损害大致可分为急性酒精中毒( 即醉酒) 和慢性酒精损害【关媛媛，于宁．过量饮酒与健康 [J]．健康研究，2010，30 (3)：223—225．】。目前，对解酒制品的开发受到广泛重视，包括主要针对急性酒精中毒的醒酒防醉制品和主要针对慢性酒精损害的保肝等制品；醒酒防醉制品研发具有极其重要的社会适用价值，祖国医药在这方面积淀了丰富的理论基础和治法方药，具有较好的临床应用效果。很久以来,人们就采用各种方法来解除和减轻饮酒所带来的不适；所用的解酒用品从水果到谷物,从食品到药品,五花八门不尽相同,各种解酒药不断问世。
人类对酒精耐受性有种族的和个体的差异。酒精敏感者,当摄入0.3-05ml/kg体重乙醇时,即可表现面赤、皮温升高、脉率加快等酒精中毒症状,而酒精耐受者则否；黄种人中80%为敏感者,白种人中仅5%敏感者。
现知,酒精在体内的代谢过程主要由肝中的乙醇脱氢酶（alcoholdehydrogenase,ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（aldehyde dehydrogenase,ALDH）所制约,如下式：
其反应式为:
C2H5OH+NAD+ →CH3CHO+NADH+H+
CH3CHO+NAD+ +H2O→CH3COOH+NADH+H+
经肝脏代谢的酒精约80% 通过乙醇脱氢酶(ADH) 转化为乙醛，并使氧化型辅酶Ⅰ(NAD) 转化为还原型辅酶Ⅰ (NADH)；乙醛再经过乙醛脱氢酶(ALDH) 转化为乙酸，同时NAD转化为NADH，后者以乙酰辅酶A(Ac CoA) 的形式进入三羧酸循环，氧化成二氧化碳和水[李先栓. 乙醇代谢物的解毒探究[J]. 实验仪器与科,2010,27(10):36.]。所以，酒精的代谢速度取决于酶系统的活性。
在第一个反应生成的乙醛可刺激肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素等物质的分泌,引起面红耳赤、心率快、皮温高等症状。
综上所述,黄种人较白种人易产生酒精中毒的原因是遗传因素决定的；大多数黄种人在饮酒后产生乙醛速度快,而氧化为乙酸的速度慢,故易产生乙醛蓄积中毒。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中存在的问题，本发明提供了一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品及其制备方法；能有效缓解醉酒不适的状态，有助于醒酒安神，服食后可使饮酒中的酒精吸收减缓，分解增快的过程，从而减少乙醛的生成并加速乙醛和乙酸分解为二氧化碳和水，达到对肝脏和大脑神经的保护作用。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒制品，其包括以下组份，每份以重量份计：刺龙芽8-15份，枳椇子8-15份，姜黄3-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.3-5份。
进一步的，刺龙芽10-15份，枳椇子10-15份，姜黄5-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.5-5份。
进一步的，刺龙芽10.5份，枳椇子13.5份，姜黄7.5份，啤酒酵母粉1.9份。
一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒制品的制备方法，其包括以下步骤，
Ⅰ、取枳椇子、姜黄粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、取刺龙芽粉碎，放入水提取罐中加入6～12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮二次，第一次12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时；第二次6倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时，过滤，合并提取液；
Ⅲ、将刺龙芽提取液，加入放有枳椇子、姜黄解吸粉的提取罐中，提取二次，每次5min，过滤，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅳ、取备用粉末，用啤酒酵母粉、糊精进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
进一步的，步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比为1：2。
本发明的有益效果是：通过采用本发明的技术方案，经初步食用验明：可增强肝脏功能解酒毒，改善宿醉状态。将该营养成分部位可用于改善肝脏功能解酒毒，改善宿醉状态的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
本发明选用药食同源的天然食用植物为原料，各组分符合食药政法规定。利用各味的综合作用调节人体代谢平衡，无化学添加剂，对人体无毒无害；其中刺龙芽皂甙，是齐墩果酸的三四糖皂。齐墩果酸有抗炎、镇静、利尿、强心、免疫和防癌等作用，尤其用于治疗黄疸肝炎与迁延型慢性肝炎效果更好；枳椇子中含有大量的葡萄糖、有机酸，既能扩充人体的血容量，又能解酒毒，故有醒酒安神的作用；姜黄中含有的姜黄素可在酒精的代谢中发挥优越的作用。这是因为姜黄素可使乙醛的分解提高到通常的一倍半。
本发明工艺简单，成本低，易于获得营养成分部位，适用于工业化生产，可用于制备成改善肝脏功能解酒毒，改善宿醉状态的药物、食品或保健品的应用。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明做进一步的详细说明：本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施，给出了详细的实施方式，但本发明的保护范围不限于下述实施例。
一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒制品，其包括以下组份，每份以重量份计：刺龙芽8-15份，枳椇子8-15份，姜黄3-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.3-5份。
作为本发明的一个实施例，刺龙芽10-15份，枳椇子10-15份，姜黄5-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.5-5份。
作为本发明的一个实施例，刺龙芽10.5份，枳椇子13.5份，姜黄7.5份，啤酒酵母粉1.9份。
本发明采用的是天然药食两用植物刺龙芽、枳椇子、姜黄,精提其主剂,与啤酒酵母科学配比制成,不含任何人工合成物质,为全天然型。
1. 刺龙芽的嫩芽为食用部分，食用方法多样。可以生食、炒食、酱食、做汤、做馅，或加工成不同风味的小咸菜。它味美香甜，清嫩醇厚，野味浓郁，是著名的上等山野菜，被誉为“山野菜之王”；多年来，一直是出口的主要野菜品种之一，而且供不应求。深受国内外广大消费者的称赞。可称得上是“美味山珍”。
刺龙芽的嫩芽中含有丰富的营养成分。根据有关专家分析测定：每一百克的新鲜的嫩芽中，含有蛋白质0.56克，脂肪0.34克，糖类1.44克，有机酸0.68克，此外还含有维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、粗纤维、胡萝卜素以及磷、钙、锌、镁、铁、钾等矿物质，其中氨基酸的含量较高，而且品种丰富。除此之外，刺龙芽还有一定的药用价值，刺龙芽的根皮具强壮筋骨、祛风除湿和补气安神等功效。用于治疗神经衰弱、风湿性关节炎、糖尿病、阳痿和肝炎等疾病。据日本报道，刺龙芽的树皮及根有健胃、收敛作用。日本民间用以治疗糖尿病、肠胃病、尤其对胃癌有卓效。前苏联有专家研究发现，刺龙芽根皮有强心作用，效果优于人参，对于老年性痴呆症、蜘网炎及阳痿等多种神经衰弱综合症都有类似人参的疗效。
2. 枳椇子每100克含水分83．2克，蛋白质0．9克，脂肪0．5克，纤维5．9克，碳水化合物9．2克，灰分0．3克，硫胺素0．02毫克，抗坏血酸60毫克，钾325毫克，钠0．4毫克，钙16毫克，铁0．2毫克，锌O．18毫克，磷27毫克。此外，还含有大量的苹果酸、草酸、乙酸等。其中，葡萄糖、钙的含量较其他水果要高。枳椇子的食疗作用：
1）、醒酒安神 枳椇子中含有大量的葡萄糖、有机酸，既能扩充人体的血容量，又能解酒毒，故有醒酒安神的作用。 凡味甘者入脾，枳椇子以果实而味甘如蜜，必然属味厚者，入脾则能生热，去湿，降胃气。胃气一降，则酒毒立解，人头脑马上清醒，如同未喝酒之前；
2）、通利二便 枳椇子含有大量水分、葡萄糖、有机盐、脂类物质，具有促进尿液排泄，加速肠道蠕动等作用，故能通利二便；
3）、祛风通络止痉 枳椇子中含有大量的钙和枳椇子皂甙，具有中枢抑制作用，能够抗惊厥，防止手足抽搐痉挛，可用来治疗风湿痹痛麻木之症；
4）、止渴除烦，补充营养 枳椇子中含有大量的葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖、有机酸、无机盐、维生素等，能生津止渴，清热除烦，并能给人体补充养分，增强机体的抗病能力；
5）、降血压 近年来研究发现，枳椇子中含有麦草碱、B-咔啉、枳椇甙C、D、G、H、鼠李碱等，具有抗脂质过氧化和降低血压等作用。
3. 姜黄每100克含有总卡路里：354大卡，脂肪总量：9.88克，多不饱和脂肪酸：2.18克，单不饱和脂肪酸：1.66克，胆固醇：-，钠盐：38毫克，碳水化合物总量：64.93克，膳食纤维：21.1克，糖分：3.21克，蛋白质：7.83克，水分：11.36克，番茄红素：-，β-胡萝卜素：-，β-玉米黄质：-，叶黄素 + 玉米黄质：-，α-胡萝卜素：-，视黄醇：-，烟酸：5.14毫克，泛酸：-，叶酸：39微克，核黄素：0.233毫克，膳食叶酸：-，叶酸（DFE）：39微克，胆碱：49.2毫克，维生素A：-，维生素C：25.9毫克，维生素B6：0.002毫克，维生素B12：-，维生素B1：0.152毫克，维生素K：13微克，维生素A(RAE)：，维生素D(IU)：，维生素D(mcg)：-，维生素E：3.1毫克，钙：183毫克，铁：41.42毫克，镁：193毫克，磷：268毫克，钾：2525毫克，钠：38毫克，锌：4.35毫克，铜：0.603毫克，锰：7.833毫克，硒：4500微克。
姜黄中主要的成分是姜黄素和挥发油类化合物，其次是黄酮类、糖类、多肽类、脂肪酸、生物碱、树脂类、甾醇类、微量元素；微量元素包括：K、Na、Ca、Mg、Pb、Cd、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn等微量元素。
食用应用
1.姜黄已被世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国粮食与农业组织（FAO）批准使用的具有较高安全性的天然色素之一。
2.姜黄粉可用于咖喱粉、腌菜等高级调味品系列，姜黄油可作为食用香料。
3.姜黄饮料日本姜黄饮料以姜黄素为主要原料，适用于工作紧张、常应酬和吸烟人士饮用。
姜黄作为一种药食两用的天然食材，是中国传统的中药，现在医药、保健食品、普通食品等方面广泛应用。
姜黄也是日本人最喜爱的健康食品之一。日本冲绳是世界长寿之乡，食用姜黄被认为是冲绳人长寿的主要原因之一，产于冲绳的姜黄更被作为“日本琉球王朝御品”。
姜黄增强肝脏功能，是近年来被应用的，具有促进胆汁分泌，强壮肝脏激发功能等作用。许多用户证明，姜黄对肝脏病人恢复具有良好的功效。曾有酒精肝病者，爵食生姜黄半年肝功能恢复正常的例子。另外根据有人B型肝炎大致恢复后感周身不适，便每天早晨饮一杯姜黄根水，持续一个月后症状消失。
姜黄最适合于饮酒的人有许多人经常饮酒，然而在饮酒的乐趣之后带来的宿醉却令人烦恼。特别是为了工作而「宿醉」的更令人难受。明知喝了不好但饮酒过量的情况时有发生。宿醉是由于肝脏在分解酒精时产生的叫做乙醛这样的物质没能尽快消失。姜黄中含有的姜黄素可在酒精的代谢中发挥优越的作用。这是因为姜黄素可使乙醛的分解提高到通常的一倍半。这样才能从讨厌的宿醉中解脱出来，这就是姜黄对宿酒的功效。另外，酒精可使肝功能低下，其结果如前所述，肝脏的重要功能之一，胆汁分泌不良，增大了肝脏的负担。酒精使处理有害物质的胆汁分泌不良，则会产生引起宿醉的物质乙醛。这种症状用姜黄中含有的姜黄素可以改善。因此可以说姜黄最适宜饮酒者使用。
一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒制品的制备方法，其包括以下步骤，
Ⅰ、取枳椇子、姜黄粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、取刺龙芽粉碎，放入水提取罐中加入6～12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮二次，第一次12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时；第二次6倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时，过滤，合并提取液；
Ⅲ、将刺龙芽提取液，加入放有枳椇子、姜黄解吸粉的提取罐中，提取二次，每次5min，过滤，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅳ、取备用粉末，用啤酒酵母粉、糊精或可溶性淀粉，进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
作为本发明的一个实施例，步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比优选为1：2。
宿醉(hangover)，属于轻型急性酒精中毒，指由于短时间摄入大量酒精或含酒精饮料后出现的中枢神经系统功能紊乱状态，多表现行为和意识异常。宿醉因饮酒过量，隔夜休息后，体内的酒精即乙醇已经完全排净，但仍有头痛、眩晕、疲劳、恶心、胃部不适、困倦、发汗、过极度口渴和认知模糊等症状。这是因为大量饮酒后，肝细胞无法将酒精代谢后的有害物质，如乙醛等全部清除而造成急性中毒症状。宿醉时，肝脏会屯积脂肪，胃肠易患酒精性急性胃炎，植物神经平衡失调引起心跳加速，血液中水分与电解质平衡失调等，亦可引起脑水肿及功能性神经炎。
目前国内外还缺乏一个完整科学的上头或宿醉(hangover)的评价方法。国外评价“上头”或宿醉(hang—over)的方法时有报道，国内暂时还没有成熟的评价方法及相关评价标准。
表1，饮后感受评价量表(Hangover evaluation scale,HES)
表2、Excel配对t检验结果：
分析结果：P<0.01说明两组数据总体存在极显著性差异。
研究结果：15人试用说明了复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品可有效的减轻宿醉的状况；
复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品是药食同源的天然促进解酒和护肝制品，将有着极其广阔的前景。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，这些具体实施方式都是基于本发明整体构思下的不同实现方式，而且本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品，其包括以下组份，每份以重量份计：刺龙芽8-15份，枳椇子8-15份，姜黄3-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.3-5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品，其特征在于：刺龙芽10-15份，枳椇子10-15份，姜黄5-10份，啤酒酵母粉0.5-5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品，其特征在于：刺龙芽10.5份，枳椇子13.5份，姜黄7.5份，啤酒酵母粉1.9份。
4.一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品的制备方法，其包括以下步骤，
Ⅰ、取枳椇子、姜黄粉碎混合，放入水提取罐中，用65度白酒浸泡12小时润透解吸，料液比1：1.5～2.0倍；
Ⅱ、取刺龙芽粉碎，放入水提取罐中加入6～12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮二次，第一次12倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时；第二次6倍体积蒸馏水煎煮一小时，过滤，合并提取液；
Ⅲ、将刺龙芽提取液，加入放有枳椇子、姜黄解吸粉的提取罐中，提取二次，每次5min，过滤，合并提取液，浓缩至浸膏，减压干燥、粉碎成80目粉末备用；
Ⅳ、取备用粉末，用啤酒酵母粉、糊精进行梯度混合，制粒，分装，得到固体制品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种复方刺龙芽护肝解酒固体制品的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤Ⅰ中，解吸时的料液比为1：2。
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