CN108634119B - Artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108634119B CN108634119B CN201810397771.7A CN201810397771A CN108634119B CN 108634119 B CN108634119 B CN 108634119B CN 201810397771 A CN201810397771 A CN 201810397771A CN 108634119 B CN108634119 B CN 108634119B
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- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old and a preparation method thereof. The artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease. The invention comprehensively considers the factors of nutrition and non-nutrition components in the pigeon milk, the digestive development characteristics of the squab, the characteristics of feed raw materials and the like, develops a biological feed formula which can be really and effectively applied to the artificial feeding of the squab and a corresponding preparation method thereof, replaces the natural pigeon milk feeding of the parent pigeon, and solves the problems of high mortality rate, poor growth performance and the like of the previous artificial feeding of the squab.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal nutrition and feed, and particularly relates to artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Pigeon milk is also called crop milk, is a substance secreted by the crop of male and female pigeons in nursing period and vomited, and is cheese-like, oily, milky white, granular or small block-like in appearance. The parent pigeon can secrete pigeon milk from 4 days before the young pigeon goes out of the shell to about 25 days old. The young pigeons do not eat the feed by themselves after being taken out of the shell, the tissues and organs are not completely developed, the young pigeons need to be fed by pigeon milk which is vomited by the parent pigeons, and the normal digestion and absorption of other foods are difficult, which is different from other poultry. Therefore, in the breeding production of the pigeon industry, the 'simultaneous in and simultaneous out' can not be realized, the management of the breeding pigeons and the young pigeons is difficult to distinguish, the vertical transmission of diseases occurs occasionally, the physiological metabolism burden of the breeding pigeons is heavier due to the repeated egg laying, hatching and brooding of the breeding pigeons, and the production and service life of the breeding pigeons is greatly reduced. Therefore, the development of the artificial pigeon milk has important practical significance in the aspects of reducing the physiological burden of breeding pigeons, prolonging the production and service life of the breeding pigeons, preventing and controlling diseases and the like.
The natural pigeon milk contains other non-nutritional influencing factors such as digestive enzyme, immunoglobulin, cell factor and the like besides conventional nutritional ingredients, as the digestive tract development duration of the squab is long and the digestive function is incomplete, particularly for squabs aged 0-10 days, the natural anti-nutritional factors existing in the feed raw materials possibly have certain influence on the digestive absorption of the squab, and the digestive enzyme existing in the natural pigeon milk can play a role in assisting the digestive absorption of the squab to a certain extent, and in addition, the immunoglobulin and the cell factor obtained from the mother body through the lactation link have very important roles in promoting the growth of the newborn animals, resisting diseases and improving the survival rate. However, the expected effect of pure artificial feeding of the young pigeons is difficult to achieve by only using the substitute feed prepared by purely simulating the nutrient components of natural pigeon milk in the past, and the problems of low weight and high death rate of the young pigeons in the market age generally exist. For example, the invention patent disclosed at present in China mainly aims at the feed formula for artificial feeding of newborn squabs to be a raw grain-compound feed type, a yolk-milk powder type and a milk powder-plant extracted protein type, and according to the published literature reports and actual test operations, the problems of poor growth performance and high mortality rate of the artificial pigeon milk in the process of feeding the squabs are caused, so that the application of the product in large-scale artificial feeding of practical squabs is still greatly limited.
The biological feed is a general name of a novel feed resource and a feed additive developed by utilizing microbial engineering fermentation by taking feed and the feed additive as objects and taking modern biotechnology such as genetic engineering, protein engineering, fermentation engineering and the like as means. Researches show that after the feed is fermented by probiotics, on one hand, the original anti-nutritional factors in the feed are reduced, and the feed conversion efficiency is improved; on the other hand, various bioactive substances such as functional polypeptide, enzyme and the like generated in the fermentation process further improve the digestion and utilization rate of the feed and are beneficial to enhancing the intestinal health of animals and the immunity of organisms. The fermented feed is expected to solve the problems of low weight and high death rate of young pigeons in market age caused by a substitute feed prepared by simply simulating the nutrient components of natural pigeon milk. Therefore, it is especially necessary to develop a fermented artificial pigeon milk for artificial feeding of young pigeons.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding 0-5-day-old young pigeons and a preparation method thereof, develops a biological feed formula capable of being effectively applied to artificial feeding of young pigeons and a corresponding preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of high mortality rate and low weight of the existing artificially fed young pigeons.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease.
Preferably, the formula of each 40g of the premix for artificial pigeon feeding of 0-5 days old is as follows: 3g of calcium propionate, 3g of glycerin monostearate, 0.3g of D-sodium erythorbate, 1.5g of choline chloride, 0.2g of taurine, 0.15g of yeast selenium, 0.4g of vitamin complex, 0.5g of compound mineral, 0.015g of acid protease, 0.015g of neutral protease, 0.02g of amylase, 0.2g of lipase, 0.1g of phytase and 30.6g of 40-mesh soybean meal.
Preferably, the artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0 to 5 days old contains the following substances per 0.4g of the compound vitamin: vitamin A21000 IU, vitamin D33000 IU, vitamin E50 mg, vitamin K34 mg, vitamin B13 mg, vitamin B2180 mg, vitamin B65 mg, vitamin B1250 mg, 5mg of nicotinic acid, 20mg of calcium pantothenate, 10mg of folic acid, 0.2mg of biotin and 1mg of choline chloride;
the compound mineral substance contains the following substances per 0.5 g: 60mg of iron, 27mg of zinc, 20mg of manganese, 10mg of copper and 0.2mg of iodine.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old, which comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively carrying out superfine grinding on corn, wheat, full-fat soybean, fish meal and chicken powder, and sieving with a 100-plus-150-mesh sieve to respectively obtain corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean powder, fish meal micro powder and chicken powder micro powder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 30-48 h;
s4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the basic material after the S3 fermentation is finished, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for artificial young pigeons of 0-5 days old, Bacillus subtilis, Candida tropicalis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus plantarum are inoculated to make the cell concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the base material 106cfu/g, the bacterial concentration of Candida tropicalis is 107cfu/g, the thallus concentration of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 107cfu/g, the thallus concentration of lactobacillus plantarum is 105cfu/g。
Preferably, in the above preparation method of artificial pigeon milk for artificial feeding of squab of 0-5 days old, bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum are respectively cultured into bacillus subtilis liquid, candida tropicalis liquid, saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and lactobacillus plantarum liquid, and then inoculation is carried out;
in S3, the sum of the mass of the added water, the bacillus subtilis liquid, the candida tropicalis liquid, the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid is equal to the mass of the composite probiotic fermentation base material used in S3.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old, the sterilization mode in S3 is heating at 110 deg.C for 7-10 min.
Preferably, in the above method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for artificial young pigeons of 0-5 days old, the drying temperature is 50-60 ℃ in S4.
Compared with the prior art, the artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding 0-5-day-old young pigeons and the preparation method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
the invention comprehensively considers the factors of nutrient and non-nutrient components in the pigeon milk, the digestive development characteristics of the young pigeons, the characteristics of feed raw materials and the like, reasonably utilizes microbial fermentation feed, enzyme preparation and the like to prepare scientific pigeon milk substitute biological feed, and has huge application potential for realizing the full-artificial feeding of the young pigeons. Based on the evaluation standards of the growth performance and intestinal health of young pigeons in earlier period, the anti-nutritional factors existing in plant raw materials are effectively degraded by microbial fermentation to improve the digestion, absorption and utilization rate of the anti-nutritional factors, and organic acids, enzymes and functional peptide substances generated by microbes are beneficial to the intestinal health of young pigeons, a biological feed formula which can be really and effectively applied to the artificial feeding of young pigeons and a corresponding preparation method are developed.
By comparing the feeding effects of natural pigeon milk and artificial pigeon milk of parent pigeons, the fact that the feeding of the natural pigeon milk of the parent pigeons does not die in 0-5 days of age of the young pigeons is found, the artificial pigeon milk prepared by biological fermentation can replace the feeding of the natural pigeon milk of the parent pigeons in 0-5 days of age of the young pigeons, and the survival rate, the weight increase and the meat quality are ideal. The method not only solves the problems of high mortality rate, poor growth performance, low meat quality and the like of the conventional artificial feeding of the young pigeons, but also shortens the breeding interval time of the meat breeding pigeons, and combines the conventional artificial hatching technology to formulate a standardized and normalized artificial brooding program so as to greatly improve the annual young pigeon yield of the meat breeding pigeons and prolong the service cycle of the meat breeding pigeons. The exploration of the biological fermentation technology on the pigeon milk substitute feed opens up the way of the application research of the biological feed on the young pigeons, and has positive effects on improving the overall level and the comprehensive benefits of the meat pigeon industry and promoting the continuous and stable development of the pigeon breeding industry.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph of the weight change for both natural and artificial pigeon breast feeding of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. Test methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions or under conditions recommended by the respective manufacturers.
In the following examples and experiments, the strains of bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum used were all the existing strains commercially available from the central China center for Industrial microbial culture Collection (CICC), and were not related to the development of new strains, but only to the application of these existing strains. The effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid is more than or equal to 109cfu/ml; the effective viable count of the candida tropicalis bacterial liquid and the saccharomyces cerevisiae bacterial liquid is more than or equal to 108cfu/ml. The raw materials such as corn and the like used for preparing the artificial pigeon milk are all sold on the market, and the fish meal used is the commercially available fish meal with the protein content of 64g/100 g. The formula of each 40g of the premix is as follows: 3g of calcium propionate, 3g of glycerin monostearate, 0.3g of D-sodium erythorbate, 1.5g of choline chloride, 0.2g of taurine, 0.15g of yeast selenium, 0.4g of vitamin complex, 0.5g of compound mineral, 0.015g of acid protease, 0.015g of neutral protease, 0.02g of amylase, 0.2g of lipase, 0.1g of phytase and 30.6g of 40-mesh soybean meal. Every 0.4g of the compound vitamin contains the following substances: vitamin A21000 IU, vitamin D33000 IU, vitamin E50 mg, vitamin K34 mg, vitamin B13 mg, vitamin B2180 mg, vitamin B65 mg, vitamin B1250 mg, 5mg of nicotinic acid, 20mg of calcium pantothenate, 10mg of folic acid, 0.2mg of biotin and 1mg of choline chloride; the compound mineral substance contains the following substances per 0.5 g: 60mg of iron, 27mg of zinc, 20mg of manganese, 10mg of copper and 0.2mg of iodine.
The invention provides artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old, which is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour (non-defatted soybean), 125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease.
Based on the same invention concept, the invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding the young pigeons of 0-5 days old, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively carrying out superfine grinding on corn, wheat, full-fat soybean, fish meal and chicken powder, and sieving with a 100-plus-150-mesh sieve to respectively obtain corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean powder, fish meal micro powder and chicken powder micro powder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 30-48 h;
s4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the basic material after the S3 fermentation is finished, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk, and storing in a sealed bag for later use.
Preferably, the artificial pigeon milk for feeding the young pigeons of 0 to 5 days old comprises the following embodiments.
Example 1
An artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of corn flour, 90 parts of wheat flour, 330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 100 parts of blood powder, 80 parts of egg powder, 80 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 5 parts of stone powder, 40 parts of premix and 60 parts of grease. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively carrying out superfine grinding on corn, wheat, full-fat soybean, fish meal and chicken powder, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to respectively obtain corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean powder, fish meal micro powder and chicken powder micro powder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of corn flour, 90 parts of wheat flour, 330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 100 parts of blood powder, 80 parts of egg powder, 80 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 5 parts of stone powder, 40 parts of premix and 60 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water (fermentation water) into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, mixing uniformly, heating at 110 ℃ for 7min for sterilization, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis liquid, candida tropicalis liquid, saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and lactobacillus plantarum liquid; mixing the inoculated materials, and then carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 36 hours; wherein the mass sum of the water (used for fermentation), the bacillus subtilis liquid, the candida tropicalis liquid, the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid added in the S3 is equal to the mass of the composite probiotic fermentation base material raw material used in the S3;
wherein after the bacillus subtilis, the candida tropicalis, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactobacillus plantarum are inoculated, the thallus concentration of the bacillus subtilis in the basic material is 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the cell concentration of Candida tropicalis was 1.0X 107cfu/g, the cell concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1.0 × 107cfu/g, the cell concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum is 6.0 × 105cfu/g；
S4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the base material after the S3 fermentation at the low temperature of 60 ℃ until the moisture content is less than or equal to 10%, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
Example 2
An artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of wheat flour, 300 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80 parts of blood powder, 100 parts of egg powder, 100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4 parts of stone powder, 50 parts of premix and 80 parts of grease. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively micronizing semen Maydis, semen Tritici Aestivi, full-fat semen glycines, fish powder, and Carnis gallus Domesticus powder, and sieving with 150 mesh sieve to obtain semen Maydis powder, semen Tritici Aestivi powder, full-fat semen glycines powder, fish powder micropowder, and Carnis gallus Domesticus powder micropowder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of corn flour, 100 parts of wheat flour, 300 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80 parts of blood powder, 100 parts of egg powder, 100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4 parts of stone powder, 50 parts of premix and 80 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water (fermentation water) into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, mixing uniformly, heating at 110 ℃ for 10min for sterilization, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis liquid, candida tropicalis liquid, saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and lactobacillus plantarum liquid; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 30 hours; wherein the mass sum of the water (used for fermentation), the bacillus subtilis liquid, the candida tropicalis liquid, the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid added in the S3 is equal to the mass of the composite probiotic fermentation base material raw material used in the S3;
wherein after the bacillus subtilis, the candida tropicalis, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactobacillus plantarum are inoculated, the thallus concentration of the bacillus subtilis in the basic material is 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the cell concentration of Candida tropicalis was 1.0X 107cfu/g, the cell concentration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1.0 × 107cfu/g, the cell concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum is 6.0 × 105cfu/g；
S4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the base material after the S3 fermentation at the low temperature of 50 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 10%, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
Example 3
An artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old is prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 95 parts of corn flour, 95 parts of wheat flour, 310 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 110 parts of fish meal micro powder, 90 parts of blood powder, 90 parts of egg powder, 90 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 5 parts of stone powder, 45 parts of premix and 70 parts of grease. The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively carrying out superfine grinding on corn, wheat, full-fat soybean, fish meal and chicken powder, and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to respectively obtain corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean powder, fish meal micro powder and chicken powder micro powder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts of corn flour, 95 parts of wheat flour, 310 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 110 parts of fish meal micro powder, 90 parts of blood powder, 90 parts of egg powder, 90 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 5 parts of stone powder, 45 parts of premix and 70 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water (fermentation water) into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, mixing uniformly, heating at 110 ℃ for 7min for sterilization, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis liquid, candida tropicalis liquid, saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and lactobacillus plantarum liquid; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 48 hours; wherein the mass sum of the water (used for fermentation), the bacillus subtilis liquid, the candida tropicalis liquid, the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid added in the S3 is equal to the mass of the composite probiotic fermentation base material raw material used in the S3;
wherein after the bacillus subtilis, the candida tropicalis, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactobacillus plantarum are inoculated, the thallus concentration of the bacillus subtilis in the basic material is 6.0 multiplied by 106cfu/g, the cell concentration of Candida tropicalis was 1.0X 107cfu/g, strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiaeThe volume concentration is 1.0 × 107cfu/g, the cell concentration of Lactobacillus plantarum is 6.0 × 105cfu/g；
S4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the base material after the S3 fermentation at the low temperature of 60 ℃ until the moisture content is less than or equal to 10%, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
In the following we provide some data to illustrate the effect of the present invention on artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old.
1. Test method
1.1, measurement and comparison of parameters of artificial pigeon milk before and after fermentation
After fermentation, the raw materials are subjected to sensory evaluation, and indexes of pH, dry matters, reducing sugar and crude protein are measured.
1.2 comparison test of artificial feeding of young pigeons and natural pigeon breast feeding of parent pigeons
An artificial brooding box is adopted to carry out animal feeding experiments, and the feeding period is 5 days. The artificial feeding parameters of the young pigeons are as follows: the temperature of the 0-day-old environment is 37 ℃, the humidity is 60%, and the temperature is reduced by 0.5 ℃ every day to be stabilized to 5-day-old environment. Feeding young pigeon of 0-5 days old once every 2h for 6:00-22: 00. The feeding method comprises the following steps: mixing and stirring uniformly according to the proportion of 10g of fermented material and 26ml of glucose solution of 8g/L, manually feeding by adopting a mechanical feeder or a 50ml injector, and taking the natural feeding of parent pigeons as a standard according to the crop expansion degree of the young pigeons fed manually.
The comparative tests are divided into two groups: (1) artificial pigeon breast feeding group; (2) a natural pigeon breast feeding group of parent pigeons. Each group contains 30 young pigeons. The test period was 5 days.
1.3 evaluation of feeding Effect
The feeding effect is mainly evaluated by three indexes: survival rate, mortality rate and health status.
2. Test method
2.1 sensory evaluation of fermented Material
After fermentation for 36h, the fermented materials are golden yellow and have the fragrance of fermented lactic acid.
2.2 pH of the fermentation batch, recovery of Dry matter, reducing sugars and crude protein content
As shown in table 1 below, the pH value of the fermented base material of the composite probiotic bacteria decreased rapidly after fermentation, and was acidic. Because the reducing sugar content is obviously reduced due to factors such as probiotic proliferation and the like, the lactic acid content is greatly improved, the protein content is in an ascending trend, and the dry matter recovery rate is 97.2-97.3%.
TABLE 1 values of the parameters of the composite probiotic fermentation base material before and after fermentation
2.3 comparison of feeding
Taking example 1 as an example, the results of comparing the feeding effects of natural pigeon milk and artificial pigeon milk show that no death is found in both groups of young pigeons, the survival rate is 100%, and both are lively and have good physical health condition. The weight change of natural pigeon breast feeding and artificial pigeon breast feeding is shown in figure 1, the weight of the lower pigeon fed by natural pigeon breast feeding at 5 days old is slightly higher than that of artificial pigeon breast feeding, but the difference between the two groups is not obvious, and the artificial pigeon breast feeding effect is not influenced.
The data show that the artificial pigeon milk prepared by biological fermentation can replace the natural pigeon milk of the parent pigeons at the age of 0-5 days of young pigeons for feeding, the survival rate and the weight increase are both ideal, and the artificial pigeon milk is suitable for large-scale production and application.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (6)
1. The artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old is characterized by being prepared by mixing and fermenting the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease;
the formula of each 40g of the premix is as follows: 3g of calcium propionate, 3g of glycerin monostearate, 0.3g of D-sodium erythorbate, 1.5g of choline chloride, 0.2g of taurine, 0.15g of yeast selenium, 0.4g of vitamin complex, 0.5g of compound mineral, 0.015g of acid protease, 0.015g of neutral protease, 0.02g of amylase, 0.2g of lipase, 0.1g of phytase and 30.6g of 40-mesh soybean meal;
every 0.4g of the compound vitamin contains the following substances: vitamin A21000 IU, vitamin D33000 IU, vitamin E50 mg, vitamin K34 mg, vitamin B13 mg, vitamin B2180 mg, vitamin B65 mg, vitamin B1250 mg, 5mg of nicotinic acid, 20mg of calcium pantothenate, 10mg of folic acid, 0.2mg of biotin and 1mg of choline chloride;
the compound mineral substance contains the following substances per 0.5 g: 60mg of iron, 27mg of zinc, 20mg of manganese, 10mg of copper and 0.2mg of iodine;
the preparation method of the artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old comprises the following steps:
weighing the raw materials for preparing the artificial pigeon milk for artificially feeding 0-5-day-old young pigeons according to the parts by weight;
fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
adding water into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 30-48 h;
and drying the fermented base material, adding the weighed premix and grease, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
2. A method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
s1, raw material treatment
Respectively carrying out superfine grinding on corn, wheat, full-fat soybean, fish meal and chicken powder, and sieving with a 100-plus-150-mesh sieve to respectively obtain corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean powder, fish meal micro powder and chicken powder micro powder;
s2, preparing the composite probiotic fermentation base material
Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 90-100 parts of corn flour, 90-100 parts of wheat flour, 300-330 parts of full-fat soybean flour, 100-125 parts of fish meal micro powder, 80-100 parts of blood powder, 80-100 parts of egg powder, 80-100 parts of chicken powder micro powder, 4-5 parts of stone powder, 40-50 parts of premix and 60-80 parts of grease; fully stirring and mixing the weighed corn flour, wheat flour, full-fat soybean flour, fish meal micro powder, blood powder, egg powder, chicken powder micro powder and stone powder to obtain a composite probiotic fermentation base material;
s3, fermentation
Adding water into the composite probiotic fermentation base material, uniformly mixing, sterilizing, cooling to room temperature, and inoculating bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum; mixing the inoculated materials, and then performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 30 +/-1 ℃ for 30-48 h;
s4, preparing artificial pigeon milk
And (3) drying the basic material after the S3 fermentation is finished, adding the premix and the grease weighed in the S2, and uniformly stirring to obtain the artificial pigeon milk.
3. The method for producing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old according to claim 2, wherein Bacillus subtilis and Pseudocerus tropicalis are inoculatedAfter the filamentous yeast, the saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactobacillus plantarum are added, the thallus concentration of the bacillus subtilis in the base material is 106cfu/g, the bacterial concentration of Candida tropicalis is 107cfu/g, the thallus concentration of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 107cfu/g, the thallus concentration of lactobacillus plantarum is 105cfu/g。
4. The method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old according to claim 3, wherein bacillus subtilis, candida tropicalis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacillus plantarum are respectively cultured into bacillus subtilis solution, candida tropicalis solution, saccharomyces cerevisiae solution and lactobacillus plantarum solution, and then inoculation is carried out;
the sum of the mass of the water, the bacillus subtilis liquid, the candida tropicalis liquid, the saccharomyces cerevisiae liquid and the lactobacillus plantarum liquid added in the S3 is equal to the mass of the composite probiotic fermentation base material used in the S3.
5. The method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old according to claim 2, wherein the sterilization mode in S3 is heating at 110 ℃ for 7-10 min.
6. The method for preparing artificial pigeon milk for feeding young pigeons of 0-5 days old according to claim 2, wherein the temperature for drying is 50-60 ℃ in S4.
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| CN106561542A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | 江油市华伟农业科技有限公司 | Scientific and effective meat pigeon breeding method |
| CN106666174A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 重庆鸿谦农业开发有限责任公司 | Newborn pigeon milk substitute material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106974123A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-25 | 衡山兴旺映绿农牧有限责任公司 | A kind of Dove feed |
| KR20170125209A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-14 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Feeding method of poultry feed comprising betaine with vitamin C cold water |
| CN107410684A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-12-01 | 衡山兴旺映绿农牧有限责任公司 | Feed for newborn young pigeon |
| CN107616343A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-23 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of fast well-fattened meat pigeon feed and preparation method thereof |
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2018
- 2018-04-28 CN CN201810397771.7A patent/CN108634119B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104782896A (en) * | 2015-03-30 | 2015-07-22 | 唐莹 | Young pigeon feed |
| CN106561542A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2017-04-19 | 江油市华伟农业科技有限公司 | Scientific and effective meat pigeon breeding method |
| CN106666174A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2017-05-17 | 重庆鸿谦农业开发有限责任公司 | Newborn pigeon milk substitute material and preparation method thereof |
| KR20170125209A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-14 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Feeding method of poultry feed comprising betaine with vitamin C cold water |
| CN106135717A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-11-23 | 柳州市柳南区明达鸽业养殖协会 | A kind of 11 14 age in days Dove feeds |
| CN106974123A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-07-25 | 衡山兴旺映绿农牧有限责任公司 | A kind of Dove feed |
| CN107410684A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2017-12-01 | 衡山兴旺映绿农牧有限责任公司 | Feed for newborn young pigeon |
| CN107616343A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-01-23 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of fast well-fattened meat pigeon feed and preparation method thereof |
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