CN115886146A - Artificial feed for poultry animals in feeding period as well as preparation method and application of artificial feed - Google Patents
Artificial feed for poultry animals in feeding period as well as preparation method and application of artificial feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN115886146A CN115886146A CN202211092402.XA CN202211092402A CN115886146A CN 115886146 A CN115886146 A CN 115886146A CN 202211092402 A CN202211092402 A CN 202211092402A CN 115886146 A CN115886146 A CN 115886146A
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to artificial feed for poultry animals in a feeding period, a preparation method and application. Through formula design and scientific research, physiological elements, nutritional elements and cost elements of the young pigeons are fully considered, and the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period is formed by energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoter, emulsifier and malt extract. The composition and the content of the nutrient components in the artificial feed for the poultry in the feeding period are closer to poultry milk, particularly close to pigeon milk, the nutrition is comprehensive and easy to absorb, the artificial feed is suitable for the physiological characteristics of the poultry in the feeding period, the growth and the development of the poultry in the feeding period including young pigeons can be effectively promoted, and a technical basis is provided for the large-scale feed for the poultry in the feeding period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal feed, and particularly relates to artificial feed for poultry animals in a feeding period, a preparation method and application.
Background
With the national economy, social development and improvement of living standard of people, the consumption structure of meat of residents is rapidly upgraded, pigeon meat as a characteristic and high-quality animal product is increasingly favored by consumers, the market demand is continuously increased, and the breeding scale and the breeding quantity of the meat pigeons are rapidly increased.
The pigeons are typical late-grown birds, the young pigeons just out of the shell weigh about 16-22 g, are weak, cannot lift the head, cannot open the eyes, are unstable in standing, have sparse villi on the body surface, cannot walk and feed, lack the body temperature regulation capacity, and can survive only under the nursing of parent pigeons; when the person is 20 days old, the person can move around in the cage and gradually start to learn to find food. Therefore, from birth to 20 days of age, young pigeons cannot feed independently and are fed by parent pigeons. The main purpose of breeding the meat pigeons is to produce more commercial young pigeons so as to obtain greater breeding economic benefits. The self-breeding and self-breeding mode seriously restricts the yield of the young pigeons and influences the economic benefit of the breeding industry of the meat pigeons. With the successful application of the meat pigeon mechanized batch hatching technology, the research and implementation of the artificial feeding technology of the young pigeons are important ways for solving the bottleneck problem that the late-maturing physiological characteristics of the meat pigeons seriously restrict the production benefits of the meat pigeons. The artificial feeding technology for the young pigeons can reduce the feeding burden of the parent pigeons, shorten the breeding cycle of the parent pigeons, reduce the feed consumption, reduce the production cost, improve the commodity production rate of the young pigeons and the pigeons, integrally improve the breeding economic benefit of the meat pigeons, break through and change the production mode of the traditional pigeon industry, and has very important significance for promoting the high-efficiency development of the meat pigeon breeding industry.
When the pigeon hatches to the later stage, the parent pigeon craw begins to secrete pigeon milk; after the young pigeons are out of the shell for several hours, the parent pigeons begin to breast-feed, and when the young pigeons are 4 days old, the parent pigeons are fed with thinner pigeon milk; after 7 days of age, the milk secretion of pigeons gradually decreases, and the parent pigeons are gradually fed to young pigeons by the feed reflux. Therefore, pigeon milk is very important for young pigeons of 0 to 7 days old. Therefore, the research on artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period is a key technical link for implementing artificial feeding of poultry including young pigeons in the feeding period and improving the breeding rate of the poultry in the feeding period.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoting agent, emulsifier, and malt extract.
Preferably, the composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12.0 to 16.5 portions of energy feed, 11.5 to 16.5 portions of plant protein feed, 3.0 to 5.5 portions of animal protein feed, 0.4 to 0.7 portion of mineral feed, 0.5 to 1.2 portions of digestion promoter, 6.5 to 9.0 portions of emulsifier and 58.5 to 65.0 portions of malt extract.
Preferably, the energy feed comprises one or more of corn, rice and sorghum.
Preferably, the plant protein feed comprises pea and/or soybean;
the animal protein feed comprises silkworm pupa powder and/or black soldier fly larva powder.
Preferably, the mineral feed comprises CaHPO 3 NaCl and KCl; the CaHPO 3 And the mass ratio of NaCl to KCl is 5.0:1.2:1.0.
preferably, the digestion promoting agent comprises yeast nucleic acid and/or endothelium corneum gigeriae galli;
the emulsifier comprises one or more of cottonseed oil, yolk powder, soybean lecithin, poloxamer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
Preferably, the malt extract is obtained by leaching oat malt, and the mass ratio of oat malt to water is 1:50.
the invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period, which comprises the following steps:
mixing mineral feed, malt extract, dried digestion promoter powder, dried animal protein feed powder, cured plant protein feed powder and cured energy feed powder to obtain liquid feed;
and mixing the liquid feed with an emulsifier, and emulsifying the obtained mixture by using a colloid mill to obtain the artificial feed for the poultry in the feeding period.
Preferably, the curing temperatures for preparing the cured plant protein feed powder and the cured energy feed powder are respectively 160-165 ℃ and the curing time is respectively 4-5 h;
the preparation of the dried digestion promoter powder and the dried animal protein feed powder adopts vacuum drying, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-85 ℃ and the time is 2-3 h respectively.
The invention also provides application of the artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period prepared by the technical scheme or the artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period prepared by the preparation method in preparing animal feed.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoting agent, emulsifier and malt extract. The invention is designed and scientifically researched by a formula, fully considers physiological elements, nutritional elements and cost elements of poultry animals including young pigeons in the feeding period, and forms artificial feed for the poultry animals in the feeding period by using energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoter, emulsifier and malt extract.
The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period contains 13.8-18.9 wt.% of protein, 7.5-13.8 wt.% of fat, 1.2-2.5 wt.% of carbohydrate, 0.15-0.18 wt.% of calcium, 0.13-0.15 wt.% of phosphorus, 0.13-0.16 wt.% of sodium and 0.11-0.13 wt.% of potassium, and also contains digestive enzyme, immune enhancement factor, multivitamin and the like in a certain proportion; the composition and the content of the nutrient components in the artificial feed for the poultry animals in the feeding period are closer to pigeon milk, the nutrition is comprehensive and easy to absorb, the artificial feed is suitable for the physiological characteristics of young pigeons, the growth and the development of the poultry animals in the feeding period such as the young pigeons can be effectively promoted, and a technical basis is provided for the large-scale feed for the poultry animals in the feeding period including the young pigeons.
Meanwhile, the average daily gain of the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period is higher, the cost of the feed is lower, and the artificial feed is more suitable for the large-scale feeding of young pigeons.
Detailed Description
The invention provides artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period, which comprises the following components: energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoting agent, emulsifier, and malt extract.
The components of the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the present invention are all conventional products commercially available in the art, and can be purchased from conventional commercial sources, unless otherwise specified.
The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention comprises 12.0-16.5 parts of energy feed by mass, and is more preferably 12.0 parts or 16.5 parts. The energy feed of the invention preferably comprises one or more of corn, rice and sorghum, further preferably comprises two of corn, rice and sorghum, and more preferably comprises corn and rice. When the energy feed comprises corn and rice, the mass ratio of the corn to the rice is preferably 0.8-1.2: 2.77. the energy feed consisting of a plurality of substances has stronger palatability than the energy feed using one substance alone, promotes digestion, promotes the growth of young pigeons, and has lower cost, for example, the combination of rice and corn has stronger palatability than the energy feed using corn alone.
The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 11.5-16.5 parts of plant protein feed, more preferably 11.5-12 parts of plant protein feed, and even more preferably 11.5 parts or 12 parts of plant protein feed based on the mass parts of the energy feed. The vegetable protein feed according to the invention preferably comprises peas and/or soybeans, more preferably peas and soybeans. When the vegetable protein feed comprises peas and soybeans, the mass ratio of the peas to the soybeans is preferably 1.8-2.2: 1. the vegetable protein feed of the invention comprising pea and soybean is more complete and reasonable than the protein composition of one substance used alone.
The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 3.0 to 5.5 parts by weight of animal protein feed, more preferably 3.0 to 4.5 parts by weight, and even more preferably 3.0 parts by weight or 4.5 parts by weight of the energy feed. The animal protein feed of the invention preferably comprises silkworm pupae powder and/or black soldier fly larva powder, and more preferably black soldier fly larva powder. Compared with the conventional animal protein fish meal in the field, the black soldier fly larva meal and the silkworm chrysalis meal do not contain trimethylamine and have no fishy smell, so that the food prepared by the young pigeons does not have the peculiar smell caused by the fishy smell of the fish meal. Particularly, the black soldier fly larva powder is rich in nutrient substances, contains more than 45% of protein, contains various amino acids required by the growth of meat pigeons, has the total amino acid content of more than 30%, and is rich in abundant trace elements and vitamins; can avoid adding trace elements and various vitamins in artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period. And as a preferred scheme, the black soldier fly larva powder has more resistant substances than silkworm chrysalis powder, can achieve the effects of resisting bacteria and diseases, can effectively inhibit anti-nutritional factors in feed, further achieves the effect of enhancing immunity, has comprehensive and balanced nutrition, and is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of young pigeons.
The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 0.4-0.7 part of mineral feed, more preferably 0.5 part of mineral feed based on the mass parts of the energy feed. The mineral feed of the invention preferably comprises CaHPO 3 NaCl and KCl; the CaHPO 3 The mass ratio of NaCl to KCl is preferably 4.5-5.5: 1.0 to 1.3:0.8 to 1.3, more preferably 5.0:1.14:1.0.
the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 0.5-1.2 parts of digestion promoting agent, more preferably 0.5-0.8 parts, and even more preferably 0.5 parts or 0.8 parts based on the mass parts of the energy feed. The digestion promoter of the present invention preferably comprises yeast nucleic acid and/or endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, and more preferably comprises yeast nucleic acid and endothelium gigeriae galli. When the digestion promoter comprises a yeast nucleic acid and endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, the mass ratio of the yeast nucleic acid to the endothelium corneum gigeriae is preferably 0.6-1.2: 1.
the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 6.5 to 9.0 parts by weight of an emulsifier, more preferably 6.7 to 9.0 parts by weight, and even more preferably 6.7 parts by weight or 9.0 parts by weight of the emulsifier based on the mass parts of the energy feed. The emulsifier disclosed by the invention preferably comprises one or more of cottonseed oil, yolk powder, soybean phospholipid, poloxamer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose, further preferably comprises three or four of the cottonseed oil, the yolk powder, the soybean phospholipid, the poloxamer and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, more preferably comprises the cottonseed oil, the yolk powder and the poloxamer or comprises the cottonseed oil, the soybean phospholipid, the yolk powder and the poloxamer, and most preferably comprises the cottonseed oil, the yolk powder and the poloxamer. When the emulsifier comprises cottonseed oil, yolk powder and poloxamer, the mass ratio of the cottonseed oil to the yolk powder to the poloxamer is preferably 2.5-3.5: 1:1. when the emulsifier comprises cottonseed oil, soybean lecithin, yolk powder and poloxamer, the mass ratio of the cottonseed oil to the soybean lecithin to the yolk powder to the poloxamer is preferably 20-28: 5:8:8.
the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period of the invention preferably comprises 58.5-65.0 parts of malt extract, more preferably 60.5-63.2 parts, and particularly preferably 60.5 parts, 61.5 parts or 63.2 parts by weight based on the mass parts of the energy feed. The malt extract liquid of the present invention is preferably obtained by leaching oat malt, and the mass ratio of oat malt to water in the leaching is preferably 1:50, the mass ratio of 1. The malt extract of the invention contains rich digestive enzyme, and the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period formed by mixing the malt extract with other raw materials can promote digestion and prevent the poultry in the feeding period from diarrhea. The malt extract according to the invention is preferably self-prepared.
The preparation method of the malt extract of the present invention preferably comprises the following steps: mixing and soaking wheat grains with water, and germinating to obtain malt; grinding malt and water according to the proportion of 1:50, and performing cold soaking for 12 hours to obtain malt extract.
Before the wheat grains are mixed with water, the method preferably further comprises the step of cleaning the wheat grains to obtain the cleaned wheat grains. The cleaning process is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional cleaning process in the art may be employed. The grain of the present invention preferably comprises oat or wheat grain, more preferably oat grain. The specification of the wheat grains is not particularly limited, and the wheat grains required for preparing malt conventionally in the field can be adopted.
After the washed wheat grains are obtained, the invention preferably mixes and soaks the washed wheat grains with water to obtain soaked malt. The soaking temperature is less than or equal to 30 ℃, and more preferably 25-30 ℃; the soaking time is preferably 20 to 24 hours, and more preferably 24 hours. The apparatus for steeping is not particularly limited in the present invention, and may be an apparatus for steeping wheat grains, which is conventionally used in the art, such as a barrel made of wood or a crock.
After the soaked malt is obtained, the soaked malt is preferably fished out of water and then germinated to obtain the malt. The present invention preferably performs the germination under light-shielding conditions. When the germination is carried out, the invention preferably further comprises spraying water on the wheat grains undergoing germination so as to ensure the temperature and humidity during the germination process. The frequency of the water spraying of the invention is preferably 3 to 4 times per day. The invention has no special limitation on the dosage of each water spraying, and the humidity in the germination process is ensured according to the germination mode in the field. The water temperature for the water spray of the invention is preferably < 30 deg.C, more preferably 25-28 deg.C. The invention preferably performs the germination in a bamboo basket, and the bamboo basket has good air permeability and hydrophobicity, thereby being beneficial to germination and ensuring the quality of malt. The length of the germinated malt of the present invention is preferably 3 to 5mm.
After the malt is obtained, the present invention preferably dries the malt at a low temperature to obtain dry malt. The temperature of the low-temperature drying is preferably 45-60 ℃, and more preferably 56 ℃; the time for low-temperature drying is preferably 24 to 36 hours, and more preferably 30 hours. The present invention preferably further comprises removing the non-malt kernels and the deteriorated malt after said low-temperature drying. The process for removing the non-malt kernels and the deteriorated malt is not particularly limited, and the conventional process in the field can be adopted.
After obtaining the dry malt, the present invention preferably grinds the malt and mixes it with water in a ratio of 1:50, and performing cold soaking for 12 hours to obtain malt extract. The invention preferably also comprises shaking for the first 4h of the cold soaking and standing for the last 8 h. The temperature of the cold soaking in the invention is preferably 20-30 ℃. The present invention preferably further comprises filtering the mixture after cold leaching after completion of the cold leaching, and taking the supernatant to obtain the malt extract. The filtration mode is not particularly limited in the invention, and the filtration mode can be realized by adopting the conventional filtration mode in the field. The shaking step is not particularly limited in the invention, and the malt amylase and other components can be leached out according to the conventional steps in the field.
The artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period is preferably closer to pigeon milk, is suitable for physiological characteristics of young pigeons, promotes the growth and development of the young pigeons, and can be used for preparing the special artificial feed for the young pigeons.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period, which comprises the following steps:
mixing mineral feed, malt extract, dried digestion promoter powder, dried animal protein feed powder, cured plant protein feed powder and cured energy feed powder to obtain liquid feed;
and mixing the liquid feed with an emulsifier, and emulsifying the obtained mixture by using a colloid mill to obtain the artificial feed for the poultry in the feeding period.
In the present invention, the energy feed and the plant protein feed are preferably separately aged to obtain an aged energy feed and an aged plant protein feed. The temperature for curing the energy feed and the plant protein feed is preferably 160-165 ℃ respectively, and more preferably 165 ℃; the drying and curing time is preferably 4 to 5 hours, and more preferably 5 hours. After the matured energy feed and the matured plant protein feed are obtained, in the present invention, the matured energy feed and the matured plant protein feed are preferably pulverized by a micronizer to obtain matured energy feed ultra-fine powder and matured plant protein feed ultra-fine powder, respectively. The particle size of the cured energy feed superfine powder and the cured plant protein feed superfine powder is not particularly limited, and the particle size of the conventional superfine powder in the field can be determined.
In the present invention, the digestion promoter and the animal protein feed are preferably dried separately to obtain a dried digestion promoter and a dried animal protein feed. The temperature for drying the digestion promoter and the animal protein feed is preferably 80-85 ℃ respectively, and more preferably 85 ℃; the time is preferably 2 to 3 hours, more preferably 3 hours, respectively. After obtaining the dried digestion promoting agent and the dried animal protein feed, the present invention preferably pulverizes the dried digestion promoting agent and the dried animal protein feed into a very fine powder of the dried digestion promoting agent and a very fine powder of the dried animal protein feed, respectively. The particle size of the dried digestion promoter superfine powder and the dried animal protein feed superfine powder is not particularly limited, and the particle size of the conventional superfine powder in the field is only required.
After obtaining the above-mentioned matured energy feed ultra fine powder, matured plant protein feed ultra fine powder, dried digestion promoting agent ultra fine powder and dried animal protein feed ultra fine powder, in the present invention, it is preferable to mix the malt extract with the dried digestion promoting agent ultra fine powder, dried animal protein feed ultra fine powder, matured plant protein feed ultra fine powder, matured energy feed ultra fine powder and mineral feed to obtain a liquid feed. The liquid feed is prepared from energy feed, plant protein feed, digestion promoter and animal protein feed in the form of superfine powder or superfine powder, so that nutrient substances can be released, and the liquid feed is beneficial to digestion and absorption and subsequent emulsification steps. In the present invention, it is more preferable that the dried ultrafine powder of the digestion enhancer, the mineral feed, the dried ultrafine powder of the animal protein feed, the matured ultrafine powder of the plant protein feed, and the matured ultrafine powder of the energy feed be sequentially added to the malt extract. The method of adding the above components to the malt extract in sequence according to the present invention allows the feed materials in the respective states to be mixed together more easily. The present invention preferably further comprises stirring the mixed raw materials after the mixing. The stirring is not particularly limited, and the stirring is uniform.
After the liquid feed is obtained, the liquid feed is mixed with an emulsifier, and the obtained mixture is emulsified by a colloid mill to obtain a colloidal milk preparation, namely the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period. According to the invention, the emulsifier is preferably added to the liquid feed to achieve the effect of a uniformly dispersed and viscous colloidal emulsion preparation. The rotation speed of the emulsification is preferably 3000-4000 r/min, and more preferably 3500r/min; the time for the emulsification is preferably 15 to 20min, more preferably 20min. The present invention preferably further comprises stirring after mixing the liquid feed with the emulsifier to make the mixed mixture to a uniform state.
The invention also provides application of the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period in the technical scheme or the artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period prepared by the preparation method in preparation of animal feed. The animal feed of the present invention preferably includes an avian animal feed, further preferably includes a pigeon feed or a vernonia feed, and more preferably a pigeon feed. The artificial feed for poultry in the feeding period can be used as an active ingredient to prepare various animal feeds, particularly the feed for animals in the feeding period, particularly the feed for pigeons, provides more abundant nutrient substances for the animals and promotes the growth and development of the animals. When the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period is used for preparing animal feed, other active ingredients and/or auxiliary materials are preferably further included in the animal feed. The invention has no special limit on the types and the use amounts of the other active ingredients and the auxiliary materials, and the active ingredients and the auxiliary materials can be added according to the type of the prepared animal feed.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail with reference to the examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12.12% of rice, 4.38% of corn, 7.7% of pea, 3.8% of soybean, 3.5% of black soldier fly larva powder, and 3.5% of CaHPO 3 0.35%, naCl0.08%, KCl 0.07%, yeast nucleic acid 0.4%, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli 0.4%, cottonseed oil 4.02%, yolk powder 1.34%, poloxamer 1.34%, and malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1: 50) 60.5%;
calculated by mass parts, the feed is equivalent to 12.12 parts of rice, 4.38 parts of corn, 7.7 parts of pea, 3.8 parts of soybean, 3.5 parts of black soldier fly larva powder and CaHPO 3 0.35 part, 0.08 part of NaCl, 0.07 part of KCl, 0.4 part of yeast nucleic acid, 0.4 part of endothelium corneum gigeriae galli, 4.02 parts of cottonseed oil, 1.34 parts of egg yolk powder, 1.34 parts of poloxamer and 60.5 parts of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: 12.12kg of rice, 4.38kg of corn, 7.7kg of peas, 3.8kg of soybeans, 3.5kg of black soldier fly larva powder and CaHPO 3 0.35kg, naCl0.08 kg, KCl 0.07kg, yeast nucleic acid 0.4kg, endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli 0.4kg, oleum gossypii semen 4.02kg, egg yolk powder 1.34kg, poloxamer 1.34kg, fructus Hordei Germinatus extract60.5kg of liquid (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1.
The preparation method of the malt extract comprises the following steps: selecting oat grains, cleaning, putting into a wooden barrel at normal temperature, adding warm water with the temperature not higher than 30 ℃, and soaking for 24 hours; fishing out and putting into a bamboo basket, covering the bamboo basket with shading cloth, spraying warm water with the temperature within 30 ℃ for 3-4 times per day, and keeping the proper temperature and humidity; taking out the malt when the sprout grows to 3-5 mm, drying at low temperature, removing the non-sprout wheat grains or deteriorated malt, and harvesting the dry malt. Taking dry malt, grinding, adding water according to the ratio of 1.
A preparation method of artificial feed for poultry animals in a feeding period comprises the following steps:
1) Curing and crushing: drying and curing rice, corn, pea and soybean raw grains at 165 ℃ for 5 hours, and crushing into superfine powder by a superfine pulverizer;
vacuum drying Hermetia illucens larva, yeast nucleic acid, and endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli at 85 deg.C for 3 hr, and pulverizing into fine powder;
2) Preparation: weighing malt extract according to the preparation proportion, stirring, and sequentially adding yeast nucleic acid powder, endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli powder, and CaHPO 3 NaCl, KCl, black soldier fly larva powder, pea powder, soybean meal, rice meal and corn meal are uniformly stirred to prepare liquid feed;
3) Emulsification: adding cottonseed oil, yolk powder and poloxamer into the liquid feed, and stirring uniformly; emulsifying into colloidal emulsion preparation with colloid mill at 3500r/min for 20min.
Example 2
An artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: rice 9.0%, corn 3.0%, pea 8.0%, soybean 4.0%, black soldier fly larva powder 4.5%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.35%, naCl0.08%, KCl 0.07%, yeast nucleic acid 0.25%, chicken's gizzard-skin 0.25%, cottonseed oil 5.4%, egg yolk powder 1.8%, poloxamer 1.8%, malt extract (malt and water mass ratio is 1: 50) 61.5%;
the feed comprises, by mass, 9.0 parts of rice, 3.0 parts of corn, 8.0 parts of pea, 4.0 parts of soybean, 4.5 parts of black soldier fly larva powder, 0.35 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.08 part of NaCl, 0.07 part of KCl, 0.25 part of yeast nucleic acid, 0.25 part of chicken's gizzard membrane, 5.4 parts of cottonseed oil, 1.8 parts of egg yolk powder, 1.8 parts of poloxamer, and 61.5 parts of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: 9.0kg of rice, 3.0kg of corn, 8.0kg of pea, 4.0kg of soybean, 4.5kg of black soldier fly larva powder, 0.35kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.08kg of NaCl, 0.07kg of KCl, 0.25kg of yeast nucleic acid, 0.25kg of chicken's gizzard-membrane, 5.4kg of cottonseed oil, 1.8kg of egg yolk powder, 1.8kg of poloxamer and 61.5kg of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1 50).
The preparation of malt extract was the same as in example 1.
1) Curing and crushing: drying and curing rice, corn, pea and soybean raw grains at 165 ℃ for 5 hours, and crushing into superfine powder by a superfine pulverizer;
vacuum drying Hermetia illucens larva, yeast nucleic acid, and endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli at 80 deg.C for 3 hr, and pulverizing into fine powder;
2) Preparation: weighing malt extract according to the preparation proportion, stirring, and sequentially adding yeast nucleic acid powder, endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli powder, and CaHPO 3 NaCl, KCl, black soldier fly larva powder, pea powder, soybean meal, rice meal and corn meal are uniformly stirred to prepare liquid feed;
4) Emulsification: adding cottonseed oil, yolk powder and poloxamer into the liquid feed, and stirring uniformly; emulsifying into colloidal emulsion preparation with colloid mill at 3500r/min for 18min.
Example 3
An artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 9.0% of rice, 3.0% of corn, 7.7% of pea, 3.8% of soybean, 3.0% of hermetia illucens larva powder, 0.35% of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.08% of NaCl0, 0.07% of KCl, 0.4% of yeast nucleic acid, 0.4% of chicken's gizzard membrane, 4.8% of cottonseed oil, 1% of soybean lecithin, 1.6% of yolk powder, 1.6% of poloxamer, and 63.2% of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1;
the feed comprises, by mass, 9.0 parts of rice, 3.0 parts of corn, 7.7 parts of pea, 3.8 parts of soybean, 3.0 parts of black soldier fly larva powder, 0.35 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.08 part of NaCl, 0.07 part of KCl, 0.4 part of yeast nucleic acid, 0.4 part of chicken's gizzard membrane, 4.8 parts of cottonseed oil, 1 part of soybean lecithin, 1.6 parts of yolk powder, 1.6 parts of poloxamer, and 63.2 parts of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: 9.0kg of rice, 3.0kg of corn, 7.7kg of pea, 3.8kg of soybean, 3.0kg of black soldier fly larva powder, 0.35kg of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.08kg of NaCl, 0.07kg of KCl, 0.4kg of yeast nucleic acid, 0.4kg of chicken's gizzard membrane, 4.8kg of cottonseed oil, 1kg of soybean phospholipid, 1.6kg of yolk powder, 1.6kg of poloxamer and 63.2kg of malt extract (the mass ratio of malt to water is 1 to 50).
The malt extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 1.
1) Curing and crushing: drying rice, semen Maydis, semen Pisi Sativi, and semen glycines raw grain at 165 deg.C, aging for 4.5h, and pulverizing into superfine powder with superfine pulverizer;
vacuum drying Hermetia illucens larva, yeast nucleic acid, and endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli at 85 deg.C for 2.5 hr, and pulverizing into fine powder;
2) Preparation: weighing malt extract according to the preparation proportion, stirring, and sequentially adding yeast nucleic acid powder, endothelium corneum Gigeriae Galli powder, and CaHPO 3 NaCl, KCl, black soldier fly larva powder, pea powder, soybean meal, rice meal and corn meal are uniformly stirred to prepare liquid feed;
3) Emulsification: adding cottonseed oil, soybean lecithin, yolk powder and poloxamer into the liquid feed, and stirring uniformly; emulsifying into colloidal emulsion preparation with colloid mill at rotation speed of 3500r/min for 20min.
Comparative example 1
An artificially prepared milk: the composition consists of the following components: 15% of whole milk powder, 18% of vegetable protein powder, 5% of glucose and 62% of purified water; calculated by mass parts, the milk powder is equivalent to 15 parts of whole milk powder, 18 parts of plant protein powder, 5 parts of glucose and 62 parts of purified water.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing purified water according to the total preparation amount, putting the purified water into a container, weighing whole milk powder, vegetable protein powder and glucose according to the proportion, sequentially adding the whole milk powder, the vegetable protein powder and the glucose into the purified water, mixing, and uniformly stirring; it is used when it is prepared.
Comparative example 2
The laying pigeon is naturally fed without using artificial milk feed.
Application example 1
The artificial milk preparations in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were used for artificial feeding test of young pigeons aged 1 to 10 days, specifically as follows:
test grouping
Selecting 1000 silver king pigeon young pigeons hatched in the same batch, weighing the initial weight, then randomly dividing the pigeons into 5 test groups, wherein each group is divided into 5 times, and each time is 40 times; the example 1 group, the example 2 group, the example 3 group, the comparative example 1 group and the comparative example 2 group were sequentially provided. The group of example 1, the group of example 2, the group of example 3 and the group of comparative example 1 were fed with water 4 times per day, and the feed rate was appropriately increased with the increase of the day age in the range of 6. Comparative example 2 is a parent pigeon feeding control group, each pair of parent pigeons feeding 4 dovelets.
Feeding management
The artificial feeding house is an off-ground tiled hurdle house and is provided with automatic temperature control, humidity control, ventilation, illumination and disinfection facilities, the initial temperature of brooding is 37.0 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by 0.7 ℃ every day; the humidity is 55-65%; 2-3 h, ventilation for 1 time, and illumination for 17h/d. The parent pigeon house is a 3-layer vertical pigeon cage, 1 pair of parent pigeons and 4 young pigeons are raised in each cage, the feeding mode is a walking type automatic feeding machine, and the feeding is carried out in 30-8. Feeding parent pigeon with the same basic ration and health sand; the basal diet composition and nutritional levels are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 basic ration and Nutrition level (air drying base)
| Raw materials | Content (%) | Nutritional levels | Content (%) |
| Corn (maize) | 32.0 | Metabolic energy/(MJ/kg) | 13.1 |
| Pea (Pisum sativum L.) | 23.0 | Crude protein | 16.3 |
| (sorghum) | 4.5 | Coarse fiber | 3.0 |
| Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) | 5.5 | Calcium carbonate | 1.02 |
| Compound granulated feed | 35.0 | Phosphorus (P) | 0.65 |
Test index and method
Analysis of variance was performed using SPSS20.0 statistical software, comparisons of differences between groups were performed by the Duncan's method, and experimental data are presented as (mean. + -. Standard deviation).
Survival rate: and recording the death time and the number of the young pigeons in each group, and calculating the survival rate.
Growth performance: the young pigeons were weighed on an empty stomach at 0 and 10 days of age, respectively, and the average daily gain of each group was calculated.
Feeding: and (5) recording the feed consumption and calculating the feed input cost.
The test results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 feeding results of artificial milk feed for young pigeons
As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the young pigeons in examples 1 to 3 is not significantly different (P > 0.05) compared with that of comparative examples 1 to 2, but the daily gain of the young pigeons in examples 1 to 3 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 1 to 2 (P < 0.05); the input cost in examples 1 to 3 is slightly higher than that in comparative example 2, but is significantly lower than that in comparative example 1.
Application example 2
The artificial milk preparations in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were used for artificial feeding test of young pigeons aged 1 to 10 days, specifically as follows:
test grouping
Selecting 500 silver king pigeon young pigeons hatched in the same batch, weighing the initial weight, then randomly dividing the initial weight into 5 test groups, and repeating the groups by 5, wherein each group is 20; the method comprises the following steps of example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 in sequence. The group of example 1, the group of example 2, the group of example 3 and the group of comparative example 1 were fed with water 4 times per day, and the feed amount was fed with water in a ratio of 30 to 7. Comparative example 2 is a parent pigeon feeding control group, each pair of parent pigeons feeding 4 dovelets.
Feeding management
The artificial feeding house is a ground-off flat stall house and is provided with automatic temperature control, humidity control, ventilation, illumination and disinfection facilities, the initial temperature of brooding is 37.0 ℃, and the temperature is reduced by 0.7 ℃ every day; the humidity is 55-65%; 2-3 h, ventilation for 1 time, and illumination for 17h/d. The parent pigeon house is a 3-layer vertical pigeon cage, 1 pair of parent pigeons and 4 young pigeons are raised in each cage, the feeding mode is a walking type automatic feeding machine, and the following steps are carried out in 30-8. Feeding parent pigeons with the same basic ration and health sand; the basal diet composition and nutritional levels are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 basic ration and Nutrition level (air-dry basis)
Test index and method
Analysis of variance was performed using SPSS20.0 statistical software, comparisons of differences between groups were performed by the Duncan's method, and experimental data are presented as (mean. + -. Standard deviation).
Immune organ index and serum immunoglobulin: in the morning of 11 th day, randomly selecting 2 young pigeons per group, weighing, slaughtering one by one, collecting blood, separating serum, and storing at-30 deg.C for use. Measuring IgG, igA and IgM contents in serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); according to the kit instruction. Picking the thymus, spleen and bursa of Fabricius, weighing the weight, and calculating immune organ index; immune organ index (mg/g) = immune organ weight (mg)/live weight (g).
Incidence of diarrhea: observing and recording the number of young pigeons which have diarrhea every day at the age of 1-10 days, and counting the diarrhea rate; diarrhea rate (%) = (number of diarrhea young pigeons x number of diarrhea days)/(number of experimental young pigeons x number of experimental days) × 100%.
Effect of artificial feed for poultry animals during feeding on immune organ index of young pigeons: see table 4. As can be seen from Table 4, the bursal index of Fabricius in examples 1-3 is similar to that in comparative example 2, and the difference is not significant (P > 0.05); but the difference from comparative example 2 is significant (P < 0.05). Thymus index and spleen index examples 1 to 3 were different from comparative examples 1 to 2, but they were not significant (P > 0.05). The artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period can promote the normal development of immune organs of young pigeons, thereby providing normal body immunity.
TABLE 4 Effect of feed-in avian animal Artificial feed on Young Pigeon immune organ index
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Bursal index | 1.20±0.063 a | 1.23±0.078 a | 1.20±0.059 a | 1.01±0.067 b | 1.23±0.086 a |
| Index of thymus gland | 1.29±0.083 | 1.31±0.096 | 1.30±0.085 | 1.16±0.092 | 1.31±0.088 |
| Spleen index | 0.98±0.026 | 0.97±0.039 | 0.93±0.028 | 0.91±0.027 | 1.02±0.055 |
Effect of poultry animal artificial feed on serum immunoglobulins of young pigeons during feeding period: see table 5. As can be seen from Table 5, in examples 1 to 3, compared with comparative example 2, the contents of IgG, igM and IgA in serum are close to each other, and the difference is not significant (P > 0.05); compared with the comparative example 1, the content of IgG, igM and IgA in serum is obviously lower than that in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example 2, and the difference is obvious (P is less than 0.05). The artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period can keep the serum IgG, igM and IgA of the young pigeons at normal level, thereby providing normal body nonspecific immunity.
TABLE 5 Effect of poultry animal Artificial feed on Young Pigeon serum immunoglobulins during the feeding period
Effect of feed on young pigeons of poultry artificial feed during feeding period: see table 6. As can be seen from Table 6, the diarrhea rates of examples 1 to 3 are lower than those of comparative examples 1 to 2, and the difference is significant (P < 0.05). The artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period has better digestion and absorption performance, can meet the nutritional requirement of the fast growth of the young pigeons, can reduce the occurrence of diarrhea of the young pigeons, and better ensures the healthy growth of the young pigeons.
TABLE 6 Effect of feed for poultry animals in the feeding period on diarrhea in young pigeons
| Item | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 |
| Diarrhea Rate (%) | 3.32±0.103 a | 3.68±0.186 a | 3.39±0.097 a | 7.08±0.297 b | 6.17±0.241 b |
In conclusion, the artificial feed for poultry animals in the feeding period provided by the invention is used for artificial feeding of the young pigeons, can meet the nutritional requirements of the young pigeons, promote the growth and development of the young pigeons and ensure the survival rate of the young pigeons, and also can ensure the normal development of immune organs of the young pigeons, maintain the normal concentration of serum immunoglobulin of the young pigeons and reduce the occurrence of diarrhea of the young pigeons, and meanwhile, the cost is relatively lower. The invention provides an important material technical basis for the large-scale artificial feeding of the young pigeons, and has very high comprehensive economic benefit and social benefit.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An artificial feed for poultry in a feeding period, comprising: energy feed, plant protein feed, animal protein feed, mineral feed, digestion promoting agent, emulsifier and malt extract.
2. The artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period according to claim 1, which comprises the following components in parts by mass: 12.0 to 16.5 portions of energy feed, 11.5 to 16.5 portions of plant protein feed, 3.0 to 5.5 portions of animal protein feed, 0.4 to 0.7 portion of mineral feed, 0.5 to 1.2 portions of digestion promoter, 6.5 to 9.0 portions of emulsifier and 58.5 to 65.0 portions of malt extract.
3. The artificial feed for nursing poultry according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the energy feed comprises one or several of corn, rice and sorghum.
4. The artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the vegetable protein feed comprises peas and/or soybeans;
the animal protein feed comprises silkworm pupa powder and/or hermetia illucens larva powder.
5. The artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period according to claim 1 or 2, which isCharacterized in that the mineral feed comprises CaHPO 3 NaCl and KCl; the CaHPO 3 And the mass ratio of NaCl to KCl is 5.0:1.2:1.0.
6. the artificial feed for poultry in the nursing period of claim 1 or 2, wherein the digestion promoting agent comprises yeast nucleic acid and/or endothelium corneum gigeriae galli;
the emulsifier comprises one or more of cottonseed oil, yolk powder, soybean lecithin, poloxamer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
7. The artificial feed for poultry during the feeding period of claim 1 or 2, wherein the malt extract is obtained by leaching oat malt in a mass ratio of 1:50.
8. a method for preparing an artificial feed for poultry animals in the nursing period according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
mixing mineral feed, malt extract, dried digestion promoter powder, dried animal protein feed powder, cured plant protein feed powder and cured energy feed powder to obtain liquid feed;
and mixing the liquid feed with an emulsifier, and emulsifying the obtained mixture by using a colloid mill to obtain the artificial feed for the poultry in the feeding period.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the matured plant protein feed meal and matured energy feed meal are produced at a matured temperature of 160 to 165 ℃ for 4 to 5 hours, respectively;
the preparation of the dried digestion promoter powder and the dried animal protein feed powder adopts vacuum drying, wherein the temperature of the vacuum drying is 80-85 ℃ and the time is 2-3 h respectively.
10. Use of the artificial feed for poultry in a nursing period according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the artificial feed for poultry in a nursing period prepared by the preparation method according to claim 8 or 9 in the preparation of an animal feed.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106614338A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市香柳苗木种植专业合作社 | Laying hen breeding method |
| CN108634119A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of Artificial raise 0-5 ages in days squab manually pigeon's milk and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106614338A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-10 | 柳州市香柳苗木种植专业合作社 | Laying hen breeding method |
| CN108634119A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-10-12 | 淮阴师范学院 | A kind of Artificial raise 0-5 ages in days squab manually pigeon's milk and preparation method thereof |
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