CN109287883B - Compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109287883B CN109287883B CN201811117771.3A CN201811117771A CN109287883B CN 109287883 B CN109287883 B CN 109287883B CN 201811117771 A CN201811117771 A CN 201811117771A CN 109287883 B CN109287883 B CN 109287883B
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- egg
- fermented
- laying
- poultry
- powder
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- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/175—Rhamnosus
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The invention relates to a composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry, which is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 22-25 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 15-20 parts of fermented algae powder, 2-4 parts of oyster powder, 1-3 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.05-0.1 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.05-0.1 part of perilla oil. The compound fermentation feed additive for the egg-laying poultry can improve the egg laying rate of the poultry, increase the egg laying performance and further improve the egg laying quality; the compound fermented feed additive of the invention promotes the growth and reproduction of probiotics by regulating the internal environment of the intestinal tract of poultry, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances and improving the immunity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Egg-type foods such as eggs, duck eggs, goose eggs, quail eggs and pigeon eggs are one of the most common dietary foods in daily life, wherein the eggs are common foods on dining tables of people. The egg food has high nutritive value, and the yolk contains rich nutritive components such as protein, fat, calcium, lecithin, iron and the like, so that the egg food not only can promote the removal of cholesterol in blood vessels and prevent atheroma, but also has the capacity of promoting learning and memory and achieves the effect of preventing senile dementia; the protein contains a protein called albumin, has the function of eliminating active oxygen, can enhance the immunity of human bodies and achieves the effect of cancer prevention.
In order to improve the egg yield and egg quality of poultry to meet the needs of people, technicians in the field of breeding adopt various feeding methods; for example, the laying rate and quality of eggs can be improved by improving the work and rest time of the poultry through conditions such as illumination and the like, but the quality of the eggs cannot be improved; aiming at the problem, adding a nutritional supplement into the feed becomes a hot means, for example, various trace elements such as calcium carbonate, potassium iodide, trace element additives, amino acid additives, vitamin additives and the like and mineral salts are directly added into the feed, the addition can rapidly improve the nutritional ingredients of egg laying in a short period, and the absorption of poultry to the original nutritional ingredients in the feed is reduced in the past, so that the digestive absorption capacity of the poultry is weakened, and then various diseases are caused; in addition, excessive addition of the nutritional supplement can not only discharge excessive components along with excrement, but also reduce the utilization rate; can also produce toxic action on poultry; in recent years, technicians in the field of cultivation turn the problem solving method to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, however, the physiological difference between poultry and human bodies is large, and the traditional Chinese medicine formula with better effect on human bodies is not necessarily suitable for poultry; at present, the balance of yin and yang and the transportation and transformation of qi and liquid of poultry bodies are not clearly explained, a certain traditional Chinese medicine formula does not have universal applicability under the guidance of the dialectical thought of the traditional Chinese medicine, and the addition of traditional Chinese medicine components in the feed of poultry can improve the laying rate and the laying quality of poultry in a short time and can not achieve expected effects; the blind addition of the traditional Chinese medicine components can also cause physiological disorder of poultry, so that the problems of poultry death, egg quality reduction, irregular egg laying time and the like occur, and the method cannot be applied to large-scale breeding industry.
At present, the urgent need is based on the digestive absorption characteristics of poultry, and based on the characteristics of poultry, the poultry is matched with reasonable and natural feed or additives to conform to the normal physiological process so as to improve the egg yield and the egg quality.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the feed additive which is reasonable in nutrition collocation and can promote the digestion and absorption capacity of poultry, improve the immunity and further increase the laying rate and the laying quality, and the preparation method and the application thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
a composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22-25 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 15-20 parts of fermented algae powder, 2-4 parts of oyster powder, 1-3 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.05-0.1 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.1-0.3 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.05-0.1 part of perilla oil.
On the basis of the scheme, the compound fermentation feed additive for the egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.06 part of perilla herb oil.
On the basis of the scheme, the preparation method of the fermented sunflower seed meal comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from sunflower seed meal, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) adjusting the water content of the sterilized sunflower seed meal to be 55-65%, inoculating 7-10% of aspergillus oryzae and 5-8% of spore suspension of neurospora mesembryana into the peanut meal, fully mixing, performing solid state fermentation at 28-32 ℃, fermenting for 36h, and then fermenting for 24h at 32-35 ℃;
(3) adding 1 time of deionized water into the fermented material, adjusting pH to 7.0, and performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 2 h; adjusting pH to 4.5, performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 4 hr; after the enzymolysis is finished, processing for 10min at 100 ℃, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (3) drying the material subjected to enzymolysis at 55-60 ℃ until the water content is 10%.
On the basis of the above-mentioned scheme,
the inoculation amount of the aspergillus oryzae fermentation strain is 8 percent, and the inoculation amount of the alternaria alternate spore suspension is 7 percent.
On the basis of the scheme, the preparation method of the fermented algae powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing Macrocystis, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 15min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) respectively centrifuging culture solutions of chlorella and chrysophyceae to obtain chlorella mud and chrysophyceae mud; mixing chlorella and mud of golden algae according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, adding sterilized giant kelp powder accounting for 10% of the total weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain an algae mixture;
(3) adding 1.5-2.0% of compound microbial agent into the algae mixture, and fermenting for 24-36 h at 32 ℃;
(4) after the fermentation is finished, adding mannitol accounting for 5 percent of the total weight into the fermentation product, uniformly mixing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain powder, thus obtaining the fermented algae powder.
On the basis of the scheme, the compound microbial agent is composed of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to the mass ratio of 1: 2;
on the basis of the scheme, the preparation method of the compound fermented feed additive for the egg-laying poultry comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fermented sunflower seed meal, oyster powder and tenebrio molitor powder, uniformly mixing, and performing steam explosion treatment;
(2) and (3) mixing the material subjected to the steam explosion treatment with the fermented algae powder, the soybean isoflavone, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the perilla oil in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soybean milk.
On the basis of the scheme, the steam explosion is performed for 160s under the condition of 2.0 MPa.
The composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry prepared by the method is applied to improving the egg-laying performance of poultry and improving the egg-laying performance.
A feed for improving egg laying performance of poultry is prepared by adding the composite fermentation feed additive prepared by the method into the feed, wherein the addition amount is 0.2 percent by weight.
The flour weevil powder is purchased from Yijiakang biotech group limited company in Qingdao;
oyster powder was purchased from Shandong Futian Zhengda Biotech limited.
The technical scheme of the invention has the advantages that:
the compound fermentation feed additive for the egg-laying poultry can improve the egg laying rate of the poultry, increase the egg laying performance and further improve the egg laying quality; the compound fermented feed additive of the invention promotes the growth and reproduction of probiotics by regulating the internal environment of the intestinal tract of poultry, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances and improving the immunity.
The sunflower seed meal contains a large amount of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, has high lysine content and a large amount of fibrous shells, can degrade fibrous components which are difficult to digest by organisms through the fermentation of neurospora species and aspergillus oryzae, and can decompose macromolecular proteins in the fibrous components to form small molecular peptides which are easy to absorb by the organisms.
The fermented algae powder in the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is a fermentation product of chlorella, golden algae and giant algae, wherein the chlorella and the golden algae belong to microalgae, and contain a large amount of active ingredients such as vitamins, trace elements, proteins and algal polysaccharides, and the golden algae also contains more carotenoid ingredients, so that the immunity of the organism can be improved; the kelp cellulose, the pectic substance and the algal polysaccharide are rich, and the kelp cellulose, the pectic substance and the algal polysaccharide can be promoted to be decomposed into soluble fibers after being fermented by bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus rhamnosus, so that the nutritional ingredients of the kelp cellulose are enriched, and the content of anti-nutritional factors is reduced; in addition, the bacillus subtilis can consume oxygen in intestinal tracts, provide an anaerobic environment and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria; the lactobacillus rhamnosus can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus by organisms, and the lactobacillus rhamnosus is fermented to generate lactic acid, so that the content of organic acid in the feed is increased, the intestinal environment is improved, and the propagation of harmful microorganisms is inhibited. The number of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis and the lactobacillus rhamnosus after fermentation is increased, so that the nutritional value of the algae powder can be increased, and the bacillus subtilis and the lactobacillus rhamnosus can be used as a microecological preparation to adjust the balance of animal intestinal flora and promote digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The nutrition of the fermented sunflower seed meal and the nutrition of the fermented algae powder in the compound fermented feed additive complement each other, the oyster powder can provide calcium and phosphorus elements, the tenebrio molitor powder provides protein components and also contains chitin, antibacterial peptide and defensin, and the soybean isoflavone can regulate the secretion of estrogen and delay aging; the carboxymethyl chitosan can increase the metabolic process of nutrient substances of an organism and improve the oxidation resistance of the organism, the perilla herb oil is a natural oil with high unsaturation degree, the main component of the perilla herb oil is alpha-linolenic acid, the content of the alpha-linolenic acid is up to 50-70 percent, the alpha-linolenic acid is a DHA synthetic raw material, and the addition of the perilla herb oil can increase the content of the nutrient components of egg laying and improve the quality of egg laying. The components are mutually matched and supplemented and are jointly used for improving the egg laying performance and the egg laying quality of poultry.
Detailed Description
Terms used in the present invention have generally meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, unless otherwise specified.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following data in conjunction with specific examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
Example 1
A preparation method of fermented algae powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing Macrocystis, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 15min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) respectively centrifuging culture solutions of chlorella and chrysophyceae to obtain chlorella mud and chrysophyceae mud; mixing chlorella and mud of golden algae according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, adding sterilized giant kelp powder accounting for 10% of the total weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain an algae mixture;
(3) adding 1.8% of compound microbial agent into the algae mixture, and fermenting for 24-36 h at 32 ℃;
(4) after the fermentation is finished, adding mannitol accounting for 5 percent of the total weight into the fermentation product, uniformly mixing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain powder, thus obtaining the fermented algae powder.
The compound microbial agent is composed of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.
Bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025, China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center;
activation and fermentation medium: peptone 0.5-3g, glucose 1-3g, KH2PO40.02-0.08g、MgSO40.01-0.04g, NaCl 0.2-0.4g and distilled water 100 mL.
Inoculating bacillus subtilis ACCC 11025 strain on a solid plate for activation, inoculating the activated strain on a liquid fermentation culture medium with the inoculation amount of 1%, and culturing at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for 24-36 h until the strain content is more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
The Lactobacillus rhamnosus is Lactobacillus rhamnosus W27 with preservation number of CGMCC NO: 11387.
Activation and fermentation medium: MRS culture medium;
inoculating lactobacillus rhamnosus W27 strain on a solid plate for activation, inoculating the activated strain on a liquid fermentation culture medium with the inoculum size of 1%, culturing at 37 ℃ and 200rpm for 24-36 h until the strain content is more than or equal to 109cfu/mL。
Example 2
Activation of Aspergillus oryzae and Neurospora intermedia and preparation of fermentation strain
Aspergillus oryzae BNCC195382, North Na Biotechnology Ltd;
neurospora closterium BNCC149795, North Na Chuanglian Biotech Co., Ltd; (ii) a
Aspergillus oryzae
Pulverizing testa glycines, sieving with 10 mesh sieve, sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 15 min; adjusting the water content to 50-65%, respectively inoculating the Aspergillus oryzae strains activated by the bean juice slant culture medium to the peanut shell culture medium according to the inoculation amount of 1%, and culturing at 25-30 deg.C for 48-60 h to obtain fermentation strain with strain content of not less than 109cfu·g-1。
Neurospora species
Activation and fermentation medium: PDA culture medium;
washing the spore of Neurospora intermedia on the slant culture medium with sterile water to obtain spore suspension with spore suspension concentration of 107Per mL; and (5) standby.
Example 3
A preparation method of fermented sunflower seed meal comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from sunflower seed meal, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) adjusting the water content of the sterilized sunflower seed meal to 55-65%, inoculating 8% of aspergillus oryzae and 7% of spore suspension of neurospora sp into the peanut meal, fully mixing, performing solid state fermentation at 28-32 ℃, fermenting for 36h, and then fermenting for 24h at 32-35 ℃;
(3) adding 1 time of deionized water into the fermented material, adjusting pH to 7.0, and performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 2 h; adjusting pH to 4.5, performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 4 hr; after the enzymolysis is finished, processing for 10min at 100 ℃, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) and (3) drying the material subjected to enzymolysis at 55-60 ℃ until the water content is 10%.
Example 4
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
23 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 15 parts of fermented algae powder, 2 parts of oyster powder, 1 part of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.05 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.1 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.05 part of perilla herb oil.
The preparation method of the compound fermentation feed additive for the egg-laying poultry comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fermented sunflower seed meal, oyster powder and tenebrio molitor powder, uniformly mixing, and performing steam explosion for 160s under the condition of 2.0 MPa;
(2) and (3) mixing the material subjected to the steam explosion treatment with the fermented algae powder, the soybean isoflavone, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the perilla oil in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soybean milk.
Example 5
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.06 part of perilla herb oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 4.
Example 6
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
25 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 20 parts of fermented algae powder, 4 parts of oyster powder, 3 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.1 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.3 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.1 part of perilla herb oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 4.
Comparative example 1
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of enzymatic sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.06 part of perilla herb oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 4.
The treatment method of the non-fermented sunflower seed meal comprises the following steps: removing impurities from sunflower seed meal, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to room temperature; adding sterile water with the volume being 1 time that of the mixture, uniformly mixing, adding 1% of alkaline protease (enzyme activity is 200000U/g, produced by Ningxia Seisaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.), adjusting the temperature to 40-55 ℃, adjusting the pH to 7.5-9, reacting for 30-240 min, heating to 85-90 ℃, and keeping for 15-20 min; adding 0.5% acid protease (enzyme activity 10000U/g, Ningxia Sheng industry group Co., Ltd.), adjusting the temperature to 45-65 ℃, the pH value to 3.5-7, reacting for 30-240 min, heating to 85-90 ℃, keeping for 15-20 min, and inactivating the enzyme. And (3) drying the material subjected to enzymolysis at 55-60 ℃ until the water content is 10%.
Comparative example 2
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone and 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan.
The preparation method is the same as example 4.
Comparative example 3
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone and 0.06 part of perilla oil.
The preparation method is the same as example 4.
Comparative example 4
A composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.06 part of perilla herb oil.
The preparation method of the compound fermentation feed additive for the egg-laying poultry comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fermented sunflower seed meal, oyster powder and tenebrio molitor powder, and uniformly mixing;
(2) and (3) mixing the uniformly mixed materials with the fermented algae powder, the soybean isoflavone, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the perilla oil in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the finished product.
The effect test of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry
1. Test grouping
Composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry of examples 4 to 6 and comparative examples 1 to 4
Commercial egg-laying poultry feed additive: body building (poultry specific) from Shandong microbial engineering, Inc.;
2. test method
Selecting 270 healthy 190-day-old sea blue brown shell laying hens with similar body weight, and randomly dividing the eggs into 9 groups, wherein each group comprises 30 eggs; and (5) chicken. Wherein 1-3 groups of the fermented feed additives of the embodiments 4-6 are respectively added into basic daily ration (table 1), and the addition amount is 0.2 percent by weight; 4-7 groups of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry in comparative examples 1-4 is added into basic daily ration, and the addition amount is 0.2 percent by weight; (ii) a Adding a commercial egg-laying poultry feed additive into the basal diet, wherein the addition amount is 0.2 percent by weight; the 9 th group of basal diets was used as a blank control group without any additives; adopting 3-layer stepped cage culture, illuminating for 16 hours, 5: 00-21: 00 every day, and assisting artificial illumination in the morning and evening. The food and water can be taken freely. And (4) carrying out epidemic prevention and chicken coop disinfection on the laying hens according to a conventional program. Feeding at 6:00 and 15:00 every day, and collecting eggs at 18:00 under the same conditions. The test period is 60 days.
TABLE 1 basic diet composition and nutritional levels (air-dried basis)
| Raw materials | Content% | Nutritional levels | Content% |
| Corn (corn) | 69.80 | Crude protein | 16.00 |
| Bean pulp | 14.45 | Calcium carbonate | 3.44 |
| Stone powder | 8.50 | Phosphorus (P) | 0.59 |
| Peru fish meal | 4.96 | Can utilize phosphorus | 0.42 |
| Calcium hydrogen phosphate | 1.00 | Salt | 0.33 |
| Premix compound | 1.00 | Lysine | 0.83 |
| Salt | 0.20 | Methionine | 0.38 |
| Methionine | 0.09 | Methionine + cysteine | 0.63 |
| Total up to | 100.00 | Metabolic energy | 11.51 |
The premix is provided for each kilogram of complete feed: mn 60.00mg, Se 0.30mg, Cu 8.00mg, Fe 60.00mg, I0.35 mg, Zn 80.00mg, vitamin A8000 IU, vitamin D1600 IU, vitamin E5 IU, vitamin K0.50 mg, vitamin B120.004mg, 1.00% of linoleic acid, 2.20mg of pantothenic acid, 0.80mg of thiamine, 2.50mg of riboflavin, 20.00mg of nicotinic acid, 3.00mg of pyridoxine, 0.10mg of biotin, 0.25mg of folic acid and 500.00mg of choline.
3. Index measurement
And (5) recording the egg laying number and the egg weight of each group of chickens every day, and calculating the egg laying rate. And counting the feed intake for 1 time every 10 days, and calculating the average daily feed intake. On day 45, 4 eggs were selected in each repeat and the egg quality was determined.
3.1 index of productivity
Average daily food intake is total food intake/test days;
the ratio of feed to egg is equal to the feed intake/egg weight;
laying rate is the actual number of eggs/total number of chickens.
3.2 egg quality
The color of the Ha's unit and the yolk is measured by a multifunctional egg analyzer; measuring the eggshell strength by adopting an eggshell strength meter; and measuring the thickness of the eggshell by adopting an eggshell thickness meter.
Egg shape index is the longitudinal diameter of egg/transverse diameter of egg.
3.3 serum immune index
At 8:00 of the first day after the test, taking repetition as a unit, randomly selecting 10 chickens per repetition, collecting blood by using a parawing vein, collecting 5mL by using a procoagulant tube, standing for 30min, centrifuging at 3000r/min for 10min, sucking 0.5-1.0 mL of supernatant, injecting into a 1.5mL centrifuge tube, marking groups and dates, and placing at-20 ℃ for freezing and storing immune indexes of serum to be tested.
3.4 apparent digestibility
And 4 days before the test is finished, randomly selecting 3 repeats for each group, carrying out metabolic test by adopting an endogenous indicator method, continuously collecting feces for 4 days, adding 10mL of 10% hydrochloric acid into every 100g of fresh feces after repeated and uniform mixing so as to avoid ammonia nitrogen loss in the feces, drying the feces sample to constant weight in a 65% oven, and storing the feces sample to be tested after crushing by a crusher. And (3) determining the content of dry substances, organic matters, crude protein, total energy, Ca and P in the feed and the manure sample.
Calculated according to the following formula:
apparent digestibility of a nutrient is 100 × [ 100- (AIA content in feed/AIA content in feces) × (nutrient content in feces/nutrient content in feed) ].
3.5 cecal microbiological assay
One day before the test is finished, randomly selecting 3 chickens in each group, ligating two ends of the caecum after killing, putting the caecum into a centrifuge tube, adding normal saline for gradient dilution, and measuring the number of escherichia coli, lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in the caecum by adopting a plate coating method. The number of bacteria per gram of cecal contents was calculated in lgCFU/g.
4. Test results
4.1 Effect of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry of the invention on egg-laying Performance
TABLE 2 Effect of the Compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry according to the invention on egg-laying Performance
As can be seen from Table 2, the average daily feed intake of the samples 4-6 is not much different from that of other samples, the egg production rate and egg weight of the samples 4-6 are significantly higher than those of the samples 1-4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, the feed-egg ratio and egg breaking rate of the samples 4-6 are significantly lower than those of the samples 1-4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, and the eggshell quality of the samples 4-6 tends to be higher but is not much different. Therefore, the composite fermented feed additive for the egg-laying poultry can obviously improve the egg-laying performance of the poultry.
4.2 Effect of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry of the invention on egg-laying quality
TABLE 3 Effect of the Compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry according to the invention on the egg-laying quality
As can be seen from Table 3, the egg shape indexes of the examples 4 to 6 are not much different from those of other groups, the eggshell thicknesses of the examples 4 to 6 are slightly higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, and the eggshell strengths, the yolk colors, the yolk indexes and the Haugh units of the examples 4 to 6 are significantly higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group.
4.3 the influence of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry on the serum immunity index of the egg-laying poultry
TABLE 4 Effect of the additives of the present invention on the serum immune index of egg-laying hens
As can be seen from Table 4, the serum IgA content of each group has no significant difference, the IgM content of examples 4 to 6 is significantly higher than that of comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, and the IgG content of examples 4 to 6 is significantly lower than that of comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, so that the composite fermentation feed additive can regulate the immunity of poultry by regulating the IgM and IgG content.
4.4 Effect of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry of the invention on apparent digestibility of egg-laying chicken
TABLE 5 influence of the Compound fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry according to the invention on the apparent digestibility of egg-laying hens (%)
As can be seen from Table 5, the digestibility of dry matters, energy, crude proteins, organic matters, Ca and P in examples 4 to 6 is significantly higher than that in comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, and thus the apparent digestibility of the laying hens can be significantly improved by the composite fermented feed additive for laying poultry.
4.5 Effect of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry of the invention on cecal microorganisms of egg-laying poultry
TABLE 6 influence of the inventive composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry on cecal microorganisms of layer chicken (lgcfu/g)
As can be seen from Table 6, the number of Escherichia coli in the cecum of the laying hens in the groups of examples 4 to 6 is significantly lower than that of the groups of comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, and the number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli is significantly higher than that of the groups of comparative examples 1 to 4, the commercial additive group and the blank control group, which shows that the compound fermented feed additive provided by the invention can significantly increase the growth and reproduction of beneficial microorganisms in the cecum and inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, so as to maintain the internal environment stability of the intestinal tract of poultry and increase the digestion and absorption of nutrients.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (5)
1. A compound fermentation feed additive for egg-laying poultry is characterized in that: the composition is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
22 parts of fermented sunflower seed meal, 18 parts of fermented algae powder, 3 parts of oyster powder, 2 parts of tenebrio molitor powder, 0.06 part of soybean isoflavone, 0.18 part of carboxymethyl chitosan and 0.06 part of perilla herb oil;
the preparation method of the fermented sunflower seed meal comprises the following steps:
(1) removing impurities from sunflower seed meal, mechanically pulverizing, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 30min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) adjusting the water content of the sterilized sunflower seed meal to 55-65%, inoculating 8% of aspergillus oryzae and 7% of spore suspension of neurospora sp into the peanut meal, fully mixing, performing solid state fermentation at 28-32 ℃, fermenting for 36h, and then fermenting for 24h at 32-35 ℃;
(3) adding 1 time of deionized water into the fermented material, adjusting pH to 7.0, and performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 2 h; adjusting pH to 4.5, performing enzymolysis at 40 deg.C for 4 hr; after the enzymolysis is finished, processing for 10min at 100 ℃, and cooling to room temperature;
(4) drying the material subjected to enzymolysis at 55-60 ℃ until the water content is 10%;
the preparation method of the fermented algae powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying and pulverizing Macrocystis, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, sterilizing with high pressure steam at 121 deg.C for 15min, and cooling to room temperature;
(2) respectively centrifuging culture solutions of chlorella and chrysophyceae to obtain chlorella mud and chrysophyceae mud; mixing chlorella and mud of golden algae according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, adding sterilized giant kelp powder accounting for 10% of the total weight, and uniformly mixing to obtain an algae mixture;
(3) adding 1.5-2.0% of compound microbial agent into the algae mixture, and fermenting for 24-36 h at 32 ℃; the compound microbial agent is composed of bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to the mass ratio of 1: 2;
(4) after the fermentation is finished, adding mannitol accounting for 5 percent of the total weight into the fermentation product, uniformly mixing, and carrying out vacuum freeze drying to obtain powder, thus obtaining the fermented algae powder.
2. The method for preparing a complex fermented feed additive for laying poultry according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing fermented sunflower seed meal, oyster powder and tenebrio molitor powder, uniformly mixing, and performing steam explosion treatment;
(2) and (3) mixing the material subjected to the steam explosion treatment with the fermented algae powder, the soybean isoflavone, the carboxymethyl chitosan and the perilla oil in sequence, and uniformly mixing to obtain the soybean milk.
3. The method for preparing a composite fermented feed additive for laying poultry according to claim 2, characterized in that: the steam explosion is 160s under the condition of 2.0 MPa.
4. The use of the composite fermented feed additive for egg-laying poultry prepared by the method of claim 3 for improving egg laying performance and egg quality of poultry.
5. The feed for improving the egg laying performance and the egg laying quality of poultry is characterized in that: the compound fermented feed additive prepared by the method of claim 3 is added into feed, and the addition amount is 0.2 percent of the weight fraction.
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| CN114480140B (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2023-07-18 | 嘉应学院 | Meta-type Neurospora and application thereof |
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