KR20170125209A - Feeding method of poultry feed comprising betaine with vitamin C cold water - Google Patents
Feeding method of poultry feed comprising betaine with vitamin C cold water Download PDFInfo
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- KR20170125209A KR20170125209A KR1020160055239A KR20160055239A KR20170125209A KR 20170125209 A KR20170125209 A KR 20170125209A KR 1020160055239 A KR1020160055239 A KR 1020160055239A KR 20160055239 A KR20160055239 A KR 20160055239A KR 20170125209 A KR20170125209 A KR 20170125209A
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- Prior art keywords
- poultry
- heat
- stress
- betaine
- feed
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- 210000001541 thymus gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002477 vacuolizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
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- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a heat-resistant moth quail-resistant compound feed composition having resistance to heat stress including betaine and a heat stress- And a method of breeding. The heat-resistant resistant compound feed for poultry according to the present invention stimulates cell proliferation of the immunological organ to increase the secretion amount of blood immunity and not only reduces the stress hormone corticosterone but also prevents the damage of small intestine villi And the nutrient decomposition and absorption is maximized, so that the heat stress of the poultry can be effectively reduced through the action mechanism that improves the growth ability of the poultry. In addition, the method of raising the poultry according to the present invention is a method of feeding the feed of different composition according to the growing stage of the poultry, and in particular, by supplying the vitamin C cooling water at 10 to 18 캜 under the heat condition, Can be mitigated. Therefore, when the breeding method of the present invention is used, it is possible to improve the productivity of the poultry by enhancing the ability of the poultry to resist heat stress (immune cell activation, stress hormone reduction, regulation of biological gene expression related to heat stress, etc.) under high- .
Description
The present invention relates to a heat-resistant moth quail-resistant compound feed composition having resistance to heat stress including betaine and a heat stress- And a method of breeding.
Korea is located geographically in the mid-latitude temperate climatic zone, and the four seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter are clear, but recently the abnormal weather pattern is divided into short winter and long summer. Due to global warming or urbanization, the average annual temperature has risen by about 1 ℃ from 1904 to 1990. According to the Meteorological Agency statistics, in the past 100 years, the winter in Seoul has been 30 days shorter and the
Poultry is a constant-temperature animal that needs to keep its body temperature constant during its lifetime. When it is 3 weeks old or older, its body temperature rises to 41.6 ° C. Unlike other animals, poultry has no sweat glands and has skin covered with feathers. When the temperature rises to 25 degrees Celsius or more, the body temperature rises. At this time, body heat is discharged to the outside to maintain body temperature.
However, it is generally difficult to maintain the proper body temperature as the outside temperature is higher than 30 ° C (heat) and closer to the body temperature (41 ° C) of the poultry. Therefore, it is necessary to open the body through the panting Is an important means of releasing body heat. When 1 gm of water is evaporated and discharged, it has an effect of emitting 540 kcal of body heat. The poultry exposed to high temperature (heat) physiologically increases the opening respiration rate, thereby maximizing the heat radiation through evaporation. In the meantime, this gasping means that the respiratory rate is increased, thereby promoting the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, thereby causing respiratory alkalosis. As such, when the electrolyte balance is broken, the productivity of the poultry decreases, And if it can not prevent the rise of body temperature despite this open breathing, it will accompany the coma.
High temperature (heat) stress also affects the humoral immune system of the poultry, reducing the effectiveness of the vaccine. High temperatures above 36 ° C have a negative effect on cellular immunity. Panting and open breathing due to high temperatures can lead to secondary bacterial respiratory disease, resulting in the deterioration of these filtering functions, resulting in functional abnormalities of various organs in the body. In addition, if the poultry is exposed to heat for a long period of time, the release of corticosteroids increases the requirement of vitamin C, folic acid, and vitamin B12, leading to a relative deficiency and a decrease in the body's ability to synthesize vitamin Decrease in these deficiency symptoms will lead to a decrease in blood vitamins and electrolytes, resulting in delayed poultry growth, egg production and egg quality, and even death can lead to death.
Therefore, when a poultry is raised in an environment of 30 ° C or more (heat), it is necessary to increase the number of poultry such as blood parameters abnormality, stress hormone increase, immune capacity decrease, Physiological changes can cause economic damage, and eventually, the increase in mortality can cause a drop in farm income.
However, to date, no measures have been established to prevent damages caused by the breeding of poultry under the environment of heat (over 30 ℃). Especially, for the poultry feed which can relieve the high temperature (heat) Research is minimal.
Accordingly, the present inventors have studied an optimum compound feed composition capable of effectively alleviating the high temperature (heat) stress of a duck raised under a warm (30 ° C or higher) environment, and have also found that a compound feed composition (Heat) stress of ducks raised under a high temperature environment of 30 占 폚 or higher can be effectively alleviated, thereby completing the present invention. The present inventors have also found that, in order to minimize the heat stress due to the generation of metabolic heat such as control of the temperature of the water and the control of the temperature of the water, And the heat stress of the duck can be effectively reduced.
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method of feeding a hatching chick from a hatching day 18 to 25 days, And feeding the poultry resistant mixed feed for poultry supplemented with betaine to the basic feed for poultry from the time when 18 to 25 days have elapsed, characterized in that cooling water is provided in a high temperature environment exceeding 30 캜 A method of raising a poultry that reduces heat stress in a poultry farm.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the present invention,
The present invention relates to a method for growing a hatching chick, And feeding the poultry resistant mixed feed for poultry supplemented with betaine to the basic feed for poultry from the time when 18 to 25 days have elapsed, characterized in that cooling water is provided in a high temperature environment exceeding 30 캜 A method of raising a poultry that reduces heat stress in a poultry farm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the poultry basic feed may include corn, soybean meal, whole wheat, cell soy, fish meal, mineral and vitamin premix.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the betaine may be 800 to 1500 ppm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the salary may be paid in the morning (05: 00-10: 00) or in the afternoon (17: 00-20: 00).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the salary may be paid in the morning (05: 00-10: 00) or in the afternoon (17: 00-20: 00).
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling water may be at a temperature of 10 to 18 占 폚.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling water may contain vitamin C of 100 to 500 ppm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the poultry may be any one of a duck, a poultry, a laying hen, a turkey, a dove, a goose, a horned chicken, and a quail.
The heat-resistant resistant compound feed for poultry according to the present invention stimulates cell proliferation of the immunological organ to increase the secretion amount of blood immunity and not only reduces the stress hormone corticosterone but also prevents the damage of small intestine villi And the nutrient decomposition and absorption is maximized, so that the heat stress of the poultry can be effectively reduced through the action mechanism that improves the growth ability of the poultry. In addition, the method of raising the poultry according to the present invention is a step of feeding the feeds having different compositions according to the growing stage of the poultry, and effectively mitigating the thermal stress of the poultry through the supply of vitamin C cooling water at 10 ~ . Therefore, when the breeding method of the present invention is used, it is possible to improve the productivity of the poultry by enhancing the ability of the poultry to resist heat stress (immune cell activation, stress hormone reduction, regulation of biological gene expression related to heat stress, etc.) under high- .
FIG. 1 is a graph showing feed conversion rates of ducks in each treatment under the conditions of heat.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing feed intake rates of each treatment duck under the heat of the winter.
FIG. 3 shows the result of measurement of blood sugar, liver function-related enzymes AST and ALT levels in ducks under the heat of the heat.
FIG. 4 is a photograph of the liver tissue clinicopathological observation of each treatment duck under the lightning condition.
FIG. 5 shows the results of measurement of IgG concentration and stress hormone coticosterone changes in blood of each treatment duck under the condition of heat.
FIG. 6 is a small-scale cross-sectional view of the ducks of each treatment under the weathering condition.
FIG. 7 shows the results of measurement of the length of small villi and intestines of ducks in each treatment under the conditions of heat.
FIG. 8 shows the results of measurement of short-chain fatty acid changes in the cecum of ducks in each treatment under the weathering conditions.
FIG. 9 shows the results of measurement of hepatic stress-related biosynthetic gene (HSP) expression level in each treatment duck under the condition of the heat.
The present invention relates to a heat resistant resistant compound feed composition for poultry which has resistance to heat stress including betaine.
In the present invention, "heat stress" refers to a change in the physiological change (blood parameter abnormality, increase in stress hormone, decrease in immune ability, decrease in activity, gasping At the same time, increase in the amount of water, decrease in feed intake, and decrease in shipment weight). Thermal stress is synonymous with high temperature stress.
The term " resistance to heat stress " in the present invention means an effect of mitigating or reducing heat stress in a poultry occurring under a high temperature environment.
The 'mixed heat resistant resistant feed for poultry' according to the present invention is prepared by blending betaine into a conventional feed, and may be prepared by adding 0.01 to 0.2 g of betaine to 99.80 to 99.99 g of a mixed feed, May be prepared by adding 0.12 g to 99.88 g of compound feed. The betaine may be 800 to 1500 ppm, preferably 1200 ppm.
The 'poultry resistance compounded feed for poultry' has the effect of relieving or reducing the stress due to the high temperature of the poultry raised under high temperature (30 ° C or more) high temperature conditions. That is, the combined heat and cold resistant diets of the present invention stimulate the proliferation of the immune system cells of the poultry, thereby increasing the secretion amount of the blood immunity substance, reducing not only the stress hormone corticosterone but also the effect , Which maximizes the degradation and absorption of nutrients, thereby improving the ability of the poultry to grow.
The present invention relates to a method for growing a hatching chick, And feeding the poultry resistant mixed feed for poultry supplemented with betaine to the basic feed for poultry from the time when 18 to 25 days have elapsed, characterized in that cooling water is provided in a high temperature environment exceeding 30 캜 To a method of raising a poultry that reduces the heat stress of the poultry.
The poultry feeding method of the present invention has the effect of alleviating or reducing the stress due to the high temperature of the poultry raised under the high temperature (30 ° C or more) high temperature condition by feeding the betaine-containing feed and the vitamin C-containing cooling water together . That is, the poultry feeding method of the present invention can improve the productivity of the poultry by increasing the secretion amount of the blood immunity substance in the poultry, reducing the stress hormone corticosterone, and controlling the biosynthetic gene expression related to cecal microflora maintenance and heat stress .
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. These examples are for further illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1: High-temperature stress-reduced duck feed
1-1. High temperature stress Abatement Duck Feed Betaine For the titration experiments Experimental animal And experimental design
In order to investigate the effects of high temperature stress reduction feeding, we conducted the experiment on the duck specimens and developed appropriate level of betaine in the duck diet under the heat - Cherryberry (Cherry valley; Anas platyrhynchos ) 3000 ducks and mixed horses were supplied from the hatchery on the day of hatching and were subjected to 4 repetitions (20 per repetition pen 5.2 m2; Respectively.
The feeds used for the experiment were corn and soybean meal based on the Korean standard nutritive standard '12.
b Vitamin mix supplied per kilogram diet: vitamin A, 10,000,000 IU; vitamin D3, 5,000,000 IU, vitamin E, 20,000 IU, vitamin K, 3,000 mg, vitamin B 1,2,000 mg, vitamin B 6,000 mg, vitamin B 6,3,000 mg,
The treatments were as follows: control (unlimited feed + regular cooling water), treatment 1 (1200 ppm of beta-in feed) +
1-2. High-temperature stress reduction Duck feed Betaine Proper additive ratio Specification management for experiment
During ducks (1-21 days), normal and negative ducks were freely consumed with 24 hours of continuous light in a standard environment (22-26 ° C). During the ducks (22-42 days), feeds for each treatment were fed together with heat wave. As the above-described heat wave conditions, heat waves were applied from day 22 to day 42 (11: 00-17: 00, 33-43 [deg.] C, 70% relative humidity, 15 [ 11: 00-17: 00, 33-43 ° C,
(5:00 am to 5:00 pm, 17:00 to 20:00, 3 hours), cooling water (15 ° C)
300 ppm
cooling water
1200 ppm
cooling water
1200 ppm feed
≪ Experimental Example 1 >
Body weight and feed intake at the end of 42 days were higher in the treatment group than in the control group (C), and body weight was 19.42% (517 g) in the order of treatment 2 (T2), treatment 1 (T1) , 13.82% (368 g), 11.87% (316 g) and feed intake were 8.83% (503 g), 5.49% (313 g) and 6.48% (369 g), respectively (p <0.05). The feed conversion ratios were significantly higher in the treatment groups than the control group (Table 5, Figs. 1 and 2) in the order of control (C), treatment 3 (T3), treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 2 (T2). As a result, the specimens were evaluated to be the best 2 (T2) treatments containing 15 ppm of cold water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C and 1200 ppm of beta - These results suggest that heat dyed ducks are fed with limited amount of beta-1,200 ppm feed (15: 00-10: 00, 17: 00-20: 00) with 15 ℃ coolant containing 300 ppm of vitamin C, Can be improved. During the heat stress period in the broiler, feed-limited diets are used in poultry farms to lower metabolic heat, but not in heat ducks (Global Veterinaria 8: 449-458, 2012; Poult. ). The broiler exposed to the heatwave showed a decrease in weight and weight loss as compared with the chicken fed with 24 hours of continuous illumination under normal environmental conditions. It has been reported to improve weight gain, but there are few results for heat ducks (Korean J. Oil Chem. 30: 78-87, 127-138, 2013). Water is not only one of the most important nutrients in animals, but also plays an essential physiological role in relation to thermal homeostasis in chickens, especially during heat stress. Water loss under extreme stress can cause significant changes in the thermoregulatory balance of poultry and can lead to sacrifice. Cooling water supply effects have been tested for chickens when hot and negative temperatures have been reported to improve broiler growth performance, but the results for the heat ducks are unknown (Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science. 2011. 13: 147-152; World's Poult. Sci. J. 62: 71-85, 2006).
<Experimental Example 2> Blood glucose and liver function-related enzymes
The levels of AST and ALT were lower in the treated group than in the control group (C), especially in the treatment group with 1200 ppm of beta - inulin supplemented with 15 ℃ of cooling water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C T2), respectively (p <0.05) (see FIG. 3).
<Experimental Example 3> Clinical pathological findings of liver tissue
The findings of most of the liver examined showed that the glycogen accumulation of hepatocytes was accompanied by various degrees of vacuolation. In particular, moderate to severe glycogen phobia was observed in the control group (C). Accumulation of glycogen in hepatic cytoplasm can be regarded as a sort of adaptability change rather than damage of hepatocyte. Therefore, it is not likely to be related to hepatocyte injury in this study. There was no difference between the groups and the degree of mononuclear infiltration frequently observed in the liver portal vein or parenchyma was localized. In this experiment, necrotizing hepatocellular necrosis and hemorrhage and a few inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the localized necrotizing hepatitis observed in the control group (C) (see FIG. 4).
<Experimental Example 4> Blood IgG, stress hormone (corticosterone)
Blood immunoglobulin IgG was higher in the order of treatment 2 (T2), treatment 1 (T1) and treatment 3 (T3) in comparison with the control group (C), but the stress hormone corticosterone was lower. In particular, treatment 2 (T2) fed with beta-1200 ppm feed with 15 ° C cooling water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C showed a 56.80% increase in IgG and 41.80% decrease in corticosterone compared to the control (p <0.05) See Table 6 and Fig. 5). The increase of IgG in the test substance treated group was the stimulation of immune ability by the increase of Lactobacillus, and the decrease of IgG in the control group means that the humoral immune ability was suppressed by the heat. Lactobacillus sp. Is widely known as a beneficial microorganism, and it has been known that these microorganisms ferment the undifferentiated nutrients from the small intestine and stimulate energy supply, improvement of lipid metabolism and immunity (Kor. J. Organic Agric. 17: 539-555 2009; Br J. Nutr 87: S221-S230 2002). Immune proteins are produced in bone marrow B-cells and IgG, an indicator of humoral immunity, accounts for more than 90% of blood. IgG, IgA, and IgM in poultry are similar in biological character to the immunological proteins of mammals (The Vet. Bull. 45: 139-154 (1975)). In animals, the thymus, the spleen is an important organ for the production of antibodies, especially the bird's immune organs include F bag. The immunity of these algae is essential to convert IgM to IgG or to activate the action of IgA (The J. Immun. 111: 1112-1118, 1973). Therefore, decreased levels of stress hormone and corticosterone due to elevated levels of blood IgG, IgA, and IgM may also be the result of regression of the lymphatic organ found under the intense heat. The development of the immune system is the basis of immune system function and the F sac is used for the development and functional maturation studies of B-lymphocytes (Seminarsin Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine. 11: 2-14, 2002; Poult. 1742-1748, 2000).
<Experimental Example 5> Clinicopathological findings of small intestine villi and intestinal glands
The length of duodenal villi and crown spots were higher in the order of treatment 2 (T2), treatment 1 (T1), and treatment 3 (T3), respectively, as compared with the control group (C). Especially, in the treatment 2 (T2) fed with 1200 ppm of betaine with cooling water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C, villi and intestine length were 146.118% higher than those of the control (p <0.05) See Table 7, Figures 6 and 7). The results show that ducks exposed to heat stress have the effect of preventing damage to the small intestine villus by feeding a feed containing 1200 ppm of betaine with 15 ° C cooling water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C. The villus height / crypt depth ratio can be a criterion for evaluating the ability of nutrients to decompose and absorb nutrients in the small intestine. When these ratios increase, the nutrient degradation and absorption is maximized (Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 108: 95-117, 2003, J. Anim. Sci., 88: 3590-3597, 2010). The gastrointestinal disorder caused by stress can be seen as a result of intestinal crypt cell death. The damage of the intestinal gland leads to loss of small villi and loss of small intestine, resulting in diarrhea, poor absorption due to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, (Stem Cells. 15: 82-93, 1997).
≪ Experimental Example 6 > Cecal short-chain fatty acid
Total short chain fatty acids, acetic acid, and propionic acid were higher in the treated group than in the heat - treated control group (C), but T2 was the highest, while valeric acid and butyric acid were lower. In particular, treatment group 2 (T2) fed with 1200 ppm of beta-choline supplemented with 15 ppm of vitamin C supplemented with 70.46, 154.04 and 90.75% of total short chain fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, (P < 0.05) (see Table 8 and Fig. 8).
(μmol / g of cecum content)
<Experimental Example 7> Expression of hepatic stress-related biosynthetic gene (HSP)
Expression of stress related heat stress shock protein (mRNA) in liver was lower in the treated group than in the control group (C). In particular, the feed water containing 1200 ppm of betaine with a cooling water containing 300 ppm of vitamin C (HSP-90), HSP-60, HSP-40 and HSP-10 were decreased by 70.41, 76.69, 88.29, 87.46 and 78.66%, respectively, as compared with the control (P < 0.05) (see Table 9 and Fig. 9). HSP is a specific protein synthesized in response to environmental stress, especially heat stress. As the degree of heat stress increases, the expression rate of HSP increases, so it is a measure of the degree of stress in the poultry. Soleimani et al. (2011) reported that HSP70 is a potent stress marker in heat stress (Poult. Sci., 91: 790799. 2012; Poult. Sci., 90: 1435-1440, 2011; WPSA. Asian-Aust., J. Anim. Sci., 21: 1116-1126, 2008, Br Poult, Sci., 43: 141-145, 2002).
In summary, through the above examples, the present invention can be applied to a duck exposed to a heat wave by feeding a 1200 ppm feed of betaine at a temperature of 15 ° C containing 300 ppm of vitamin C in the morning and afternoon, thereby reducing heat stress and improving productivity . This prevents the damage of small villous and liver function caused by the synergy of vitamin C and betaine, thereby enhancing the nutrient metabolism ability and controlling the biomarkers and HSP-mRNA expression due to the pharmacological properties of the test substance .
The present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Therefore, the disclosed embodiments should be considered in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all differences within the scope of equivalents thereof should be construed as being included in the present invention.
Claims (7)
The method comprising the step of feeding a heat-resistant resistant compound feed for poultry supplemented with betaine to the base feed for poultry from the time when 18 to 25 days have elapsed,
Wherein cooling water is provided in an environment of high temperature exceeding 30 占 폚.
Wherein the basic feed for the poultry system comprises corn, soybean meal, whole wheat, cell soy, fish meal, mineral and vitamin premix.
Wherein the betaine is 800 to 1500 ppm. ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 11. < / RTI >
Wherein the salary is divided into morning (05: 00-10: 00) and afternoon (17: 00-20: 00).
Wherein the cooling water is at a temperature of 10-18 占 폚.
Wherein the cooling water comprises 100 to 500 ppm of vitamin C.
Wherein the poultry is any one of a duck, a poultry, a laying hen, a turkey, a dove, a goose, a horned chicken, and a quail.
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