CN108633666A - A kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield Download PDFInfo
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- CN108633666A CN108633666A CN201810495291.4A CN201810495291A CN108633666A CN 108633666 A CN108633666 A CN 108633666A CN 201810495291 A CN201810495291 A CN 201810495291A CN 108633666 A CN108633666 A CN 108633666A
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- yacon
- yield
- fertilizer
- furrow
- per acre
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
- A01G13/0275—Films
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.It includes selection of land, the pre-treatment of planting site, second ploughing, bedding, dig pit, anti-ponding, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, plant, overlay film, growth management, weeding, secondary ridging and training, harvesting.The present invention sows in advance, extends the growth period of yacon, increases light application time, photosynthesis is enhanced, keeps soil moisture humidity, the yacon growing way of plantation good using film coating technique, it is not susceptible to pest and disease damage, the effective yield and quality for improving yacon, it is average to produce yacon 5000kg per acre, compare current planting technology (per mu yield about 1000kg), high yield 4000kg per acre, the good quality and high output for obtaining yacon has many advantages, such as yield height, good in economic efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield, belong to proportion of crop planting technical field.
Background technology
Yacon belongs to composite family, is a kind of composite family herbaceos perennial, and chrysanthemum potato platymiscium, root tuber contains abundant moisture content
With fructooligosaccharide, i.e. sweet tea is tasted and crisp, it can also be edible as fruit.In addition expert, which also studies, finds that yacon has very by force
Medical value, have a remarkable effect especially for male health-care, yacon contain higher calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium, selenium etc. and
Trace element.Blood can be improved, reduce blood glucose, blood fat and cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes are prevented and treated, to the elderly
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases have apparent health-care effect, and the fructooligosaccharide content of yacon is highest in all plants, can be helped digest, and adjust
Stomach is managed, diarrhea is treated, keeps defecation unobstructed, is the jinx of enterogastritis, anti-inflammatory diuresis keeps urinary tract unimpeded, reduces calculus and cause
Carcinomycin, removing toxic substances of clearing liver, can effectively prevent facial dark sore spot, be the natural health care fruit of skin maintenance.
The planting technology of yacon more falls behind at present, general that 1.5 kilograms of fruit, 1000 kilograms of left sides of per mu yield are produced per the root and stem of certain plants
The right side, yield is relatively low, and supply falls short of demand.
Invention content
In order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of raising yacon yield
The yacon of implantation methods, this method plantation produces 5 kilograms or so of fruit per the root and stem of certain plants, and the highest root and stem of certain plants produces 15 kilograms, and per mu yield is up to 5000
Kilogram or so.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention uses following technical scheme:A kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield,
Include the following steps:
1) select and arrange planting site
A, selection of land:Select height above sea level for 1300~2000 meters, light application time is longer, rainfall is abundant, the soil is porous fertile humidity
And the thin sand that gradient is 5~15 °;
B, the pre-treatment of planting site:Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and spills quick lime 600~1000kg progress
Desinsection waits for that quick lime is completely loose and deep ploughs later that deep ploughing depth is 30~50cm;
C, second ploughing, bedding, dig pit:Before spring plantation, compound radical is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter;After second ploughing, tilted along the gradient
Direction longitudinal bedding from top to bottom, prevents ponding;Wide 100~the 120cm of furrow opens shallow ridges, 15~20cm of drains spacing between furrow;Then exist
Both sides are digged pit on furrow, cheat wide 20~25cm, long 20~25cm, deep 30~50cm;
D, anti-ponding, apply fertilizer to the subsoil:The length that cornstalk or corncob are made to 10cm or so cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom and is prevented
Then ponding is first uniformly mixed and is spread fertilizer over the fields in subsequent in interior hole with 150~200kg of Soybean Meal, 150~200 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
It is continuous that 3000~3500 kilograms of barnyard manure is used uniformly to discharge in soybean and composite fertilizer surface;
2) plantation, overlay film:Around the Spring Festival, bud eye is planted in by kind grain of bud eye is the fresh, size in 35~50g upwards
In hole;Then the overlay film on furrow;
3) growth management:After budding, the film at budding is torn;As 25~30cm of height of seedling, from the film torn
It waters toward seedling root;As 50~60cm of cane, film is all opened, 2~3 plants of canes are stayed in each hole, by extra diameter
Bar, which is broken, to be removed, and top dressing and ridging are then carried out, and ridging height is 20cm or so;When Stem growth is to 80~100cm, by diameter bar
It is pinching that top cuts the progress of diameter bar;
4) weeding, secondary ridging and training:When weeds grow, weeds should be removed in time;The soil in diameter pole-footing portion is shallower
Or when cracking, secondary ridging need to be carried out in time;When thering is shoot to send out, timely pinching training;
5) it harvests:Late October, blade have 70% or more yellow to start to excavate fruit.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step 3), topdressing amount be per acre use 300~400kg of ground phosphate rock, potash fertilizer 200~
250kg, 20~30kg of nitrogenous fertilizer are uniformly mixed rounded uniformly apply and are sprinkled upon from 3~6cm of diameter bar.
In above-mentioned technical proposal, in step 3), with urea, washing powder, clear water 4:1:It 400 parts, after stirring and evenly mixing, sprays
On blade, pest and disease damage is prevented.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by adopting the above-described technical solution, have the advantages that:The present invention
It sows in advance, extends the growth period of yacon, increase light application time, enhance photosynthesis, kept using film coating technique
The yacon growing way of soil moisture humidity, plantation is good, is not susceptible to pest and disease damage, the effective yield and quality for improving yacon,
It is average to produce yacon 5000kg per acre, current planting technology (per mu yield about 1000kg) is compared, per acre high yield 4000kg,
The good quality and high output for obtaining yacon has many advantages, such as yield height, good in economic efficiency.
It is embodied in:1) suitable soil property, the gradient, height above sea level, light application time are selected, soil ponding can be effectively prevented,
Suitable growth temperature is provided for yacon, enhances photosynthesis, beneficial precondition is provided for the high yield of yacon;2)
Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and spills suitable quick lime, not only can be with loose soil property, progress desinsection, and make
P in soil H values maintain in the range of yacon growth, in addition, deep ploughing in winter, planting site can be made to pass through the freezing of accumulated snow
It is more loose afterwards, thoroughly pest can be freezed to death;3) before spring plantation, second ploughing is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter, be that yacon is a large amount of
It grows diameter block fruit and necessary condition is provided;4) length that cornstalk or corncob are made to suitable length cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom energy
Effective anti-ponding, appropriate base fertilizer not only can guarantee the nutrient of plant strain growth, but also can prevent plant nutrition surplus from causing to come into leaves not
The deficiency of long fruit shifts to an earlier date at least one moon than general planting, extends the growth period of yacon, yacon is made fully to grow;5)
Overlay film can effectively prevent moisture evaporation, have good moisturizing, heat preservation and vermins-proof effect;6) unique growth management mould is taken
Formula enables rhizome effectively to absorb nutrient, achievees the effect that not long cauline leaf only long fruit, greatly improves the production of yacon
Amount;7) when the soil in diameter pole-footing portion is shallower or cracks, secondary ridging is carried out in time, and advantageous item is provided for the diameter block development of yacon
Part further improves the yield of yacon;When having shoot to send out, timely pinching training prevents shoot from absorbing more nutrient;
8) when top dressing, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium proportioning are reasonable, can enhance the disease-resistant of yacon, cold-resistant, drought resisting, resistant to lodging and saline-alkaline tolerance, promote
Photosynthesis, respiration and the synthesis etc. for promoting carbohydrate of yacon, to make the yield of yacon reach most
Bigization;9) after urea, washing powder, clear water mixing, the pests such as aphid, red spider, green worm can be effectively prevented, insecticidal effect is very
It is good, it is pollution-free to soil;10) collecting time at least two weeks more late than common collecting time, yacon is further extended
Growth period makes yacon fully grow and cure, reaches the purpose of good quality and high output.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated:
Embodiment 1
Select height above sea level for 1300 meters, light application time is longer, rainfall is abundant, the soil is porous, and fertile moist and gradient is 5 °
The 5 mu of progress yacon plantations of thin sand, implantation methods are as follows:
The pre-treatment of planting site:Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and spills quick lime 600kg progress desinsections, waited for
Quick lime is completely loose to deep plough later, and deep ploughing depth is 30cm;
Second ploughing, is digged pit at bedding:Before spring plantation, compound radical is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter;After second ploughing, along gradient inclination side
To longitudinal bedding from top to bottom, ponding is prevented;The wide 100cm of furrow opens shallow ridges, drains spacing 15cm between furrow;Then both sides are dug on furrow
Hole, hole width 20cm, long 25cm, depth 30cm;
Anti- ponding applies fertilizer to the subsoil:The length that cornstalk or corncob are made to 10cm or so cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom and carries out anti-product
Then water first is uniformly mixed to spread fertilizer over the fields and continues to use barnyard manure 3000 after in interior hole with Soybean Meal 150kg, 200 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
Kilogram uniformly discharge in soybean and composite fertilizer surface;
Plantation, overlay film:Around the Spring Festival, it is bud eye is fresh, uniform in size and in the kind grain of 35g or so by upward kind of bud eye
It is implanted in hole;Then the overlay film on furrow;
Growth management:After budding, the film at budding is torn;It is past from the film torn as 25~30cm of height of seedling
Seedling root waters;As 50~60cm of cane, film is all opened, 2~3 plants of canes are stayed in each hole, by extra diameter bar
It breaks and removes, then carry out top dressing and ridging, topdressing amount is that ground phosphate rock 300kg, potash fertilizer 250kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 20kg is used to mix per acre
Even rounded uniformly apply is sprinkled upon from 3~6cm of diameter bar, and ridging height is 20cm or so;When Stem growth is to 80~100cm,
It is pinching that the top of diameter bar is cut into the progress of diameter bar;Urea, washing powder, clear water 4 is used in combination:1:400 parts, after stirring and evenly mixing, spray
It is sprinkling upon on blade, prevents pest and disease damage;
Weeding, secondary ridging and training:When weeds grow, weeds should be removed in time;The soil in diameter pole-footing portion it is shallower or
When cracking, secondary ridging need to be carried out in time;When thering is shoot to send out, timely pinching training;
Harvesting:Late October, blade have 70% or more yellow to start to excavate fruit.5 mu of planting sites excavate fruit altogether
24000kg, average every per mu yield is 4800kg.
Embodiment 2
Select height above sea level for 1600 meters, light application time is longer, rainfall is abundant, the soil is porous, and fertile moist and gradient is 10 °
The progress yacon plantations of 10 mu of thin sand, implantation methods are as follows:
The pre-treatment of planting site:Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and spills quick lime 800kg progress desinsections, waited for
Quick lime is completely loose to deep plough later, and deep ploughing depth is 50cm;
Second ploughing, is digged pit at bedding:Before spring plantation, compound radical is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter;After second ploughing, along gradient inclination side
To longitudinal bedding from top to bottom, ponding is prevented;The wide 110cm of furrow opens shallow ridges, drains spacing 18cm between furrow;Then both sides are dug on furrow
Hole, hole width 23cm, long 23cm, depth 50cm;
Anti- ponding applies fertilizer to the subsoil:The length that cornstalk or corncob are made to 10cm or so cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom and carries out anti-product
Then water first is uniformly mixed to spread fertilizer over the fields and continues to use barnyard manure 3300 after in interior hole with Soybean Meal 180kg, 180 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
Kilogram uniformly discharge in soybean and composite fertilizer surface;
Plantation, overlay film:Around the Spring Festival, bud eye is planted in hole by kind grain of bud eye is the fresh, size in 35~50g upwards
It is interior;Then the overlay film on furrow;
Growth management:After budding, the film at budding is torn;As height of seedling 25cm, toward seedling root from the film torn
It waters;As cane 60cm, film is all opened, 2 plants of canes are stayed in each hole, and extra diameter bar is broken and is removed, then into
Row top dressing and ridging, topdressing amount are rounded uniform to use ground phosphate rock 350kg, potash fertilizer 225kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 25kg to be uniformly mixed per acre
It applies and is sprinkled upon from height of earthing up at 3~6cm of diameter bar as 20cm or so;When Stem growth is to 90cm, the top of diameter bar is cut
Diameter bar carries out pinching;With urea, washing powder, clear water 4:1:It 400 parts, after stirring and evenly mixing, sprays on blade, prevents disease pest
Evil;
Weeding, secondary ridging and training:When weeds grow, weeds should be removed in time;The soil in diameter pole-footing portion it is shallower or
When cracking, secondary ridging need to be carried out in time;When thering is shoot to send out, timely pinching training;
Harvesting:Late October, blade have 70% or more yellow to start to excavate fruit.10 mu of planting sites excavate fruit altogether
50600kg, average every per mu yield is 5060kg.
Embodiment 3 selects height above sea level for 2000 meters, light application time is longer, rainfall is abundant, the soil is porous fertile moist and inclination
Degree carries out yacon plantations for 15 ° of 15 mu of thin sand, and implantation methods are as follows:
The pre-treatment of planting site:Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and spills quick lime 1000kg progress desinsections, waited for
Quick lime is completely loose to deep plough later, and deep ploughing depth is 40cm;
Second ploughing, is digged pit at bedding:Before spring plantation, compound radical is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter;After second ploughing, along gradient inclination side
To longitudinal bedding from top to bottom, ponding is prevented;The wide 120cm of furrow opens shallow ridges, drains spacing 20cm between furrow;Then both sides are dug on furrow
Hole, hole width 25cm, long 20cm, depth 40cm;
Anti- ponding applies fertilizer to the subsoil:The length that cornstalk or corncob are made to 10cm or so cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom and carries out anti-product
Then water first is uniformly mixed to spread fertilizer over the fields and continues to use barnyard manure 3500 after in interior hole with Soybean Meal 200kg, 150 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
Kilogram uniformly discharge in soybean and composite fertilizer surface;
Plantation, overlay film:Around the Spring Festival, bud eye is planted in hole by kind grain of bud eye is the fresh, size in 35~50g upwards
It is interior;Then the overlay film on furrow;
Growth management:After budding, the film at budding is torn;It is past from the film torn as 25~30cm of height of seedling
Seedling root waters;As 50~60cm of cane, film is all opened, 2~3 plants of canes are stayed in each hole, by extra diameter bar
It breaks and removes, then carry out top dressing and ridging, topdressing amount is that ground phosphate rock 400kg, potash fertilizer 200kg, nitrogenous fertilizer 30kg is used to mix per acre
Even rounded uniformly apply is sprinkled upon from height of earthing up at 3~6cm of diameter bar as 20cm or so;It, will when Stem growth is to 80~100cm
It is pinching that the top of diameter bar cuts the progress of diameter bar;With urea, washing powder, clear water 4:1:It 400 parts, after stirring and evenly mixing, sprays
On blade, pest and disease damage is prevented;
Weeding, secondary ridging and training:When weeds grow, weeds should be removed in time;The soil in diameter pole-footing portion it is shallower or
When cracking, secondary ridging need to be carried out in time;When thering is shoot to send out, timely pinching training;
Harvesting:Late October, blade have 70% or more yellow to start to excavate fruit, and 15 mu of planting sites excavate fruit altogether
73500kg, average every per mu yield is 4900kg.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
1) select and arrange planting site
A, selection of land:Select height above sea level for 1300~2000 meters, that light application time is longer, rainfall is abundant, the soil is porous is fertile moist and incline
The thin sand that gradient is 5~15 °;
B, the pre-treatment of planting site:Winter the previous year is planted, is applied per acre in ground surface and is spilt 600~1000kg of quick lime and killed
Worm waits for that quick lime is completely loose and deep ploughs later that deep ploughing depth is 30~50cm;
C, second ploughing, bedding, dig pit:Before spring plantation, compound radical is carried out, soil is made fully to scatter;After second ploughing, along gradient inclined direction
Longitudinal bedding from top to bottom, prevents ponding;Wide 100~the 120cm of furrow opens shallow ridges, 15~20cm of drains spacing between furrow;Then on furrow
Both sides are digged pit, and wide 20~25cm, long 20~25cm, deep 30~50cm are cheated;
D, anti-ponding, apply fertilizer to the subsoil:The length that cornstalk or corncob are made to 10cm or so cuts shape, is laid in hole bottom and carries out anti-product
Then water first is uniformly mixed to spread fertilizer over the fields and continue after in interior hole with 150~200kg of Soybean Meal, 150~200 kilograms of composite fertilizer per acre
It is uniformly discharged in soybean and composite fertilizer surface for 3000~3500 kilograms with barnyard manure;
2) plantation, overlay film:Around the Spring Festival, bud eye is planted in hole by kind grain of bud eye is the fresh, size in 35~50g upwards
It is interior;Then the overlay film on furrow;
3) growth management:After budding, the film at budding is torn;As 25~30cm of height of seedling, toward seedling from the film torn
Root waters;As 50~60cm of cane, film is all opened, 2~3 plants of canes are stayed in each hole, and extra diameter bar is broken
It removes, then carries out top dressing and ridging, ridging height is 20cm or so;When Stem growth is to 80~100cm, by the most top of diameter bar
It is pinching that the progress of diameter bar is cut at end;
4) weeding, secondary ridging and training:When weeds grow, weeds should be removed in time;The soil in diameter pole-footing portion is shallower or opens
When splitting, secondary ridging need to be carried out in time;When thering is shoot to send out, timely pinching training;
5) it harvests:Late October, blade have 70% or more yellow to start to excavate fruit.
2. improving the implantation methods of yacon yield as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:In step 3), topdressing amount is
Rounded uniformly apply is uniformly mixed using 300~400kg of ground phosphate rock, 200~250kg of potash fertilizer, 20~30kg of nitrogenous fertilizer per acre to be sprinkled upon
At 3~6cm of diameter bar.
3. improving the implantation methods of yacon yield as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:In step 3), with urine
Element, washing powder, clear water 4:1:It 400 parts, after stirring and evenly mixing, sprays on blade, prevents pest and disease damage.
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CN201810495291.4A CN108633666A (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | A kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield |
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CN201810495291.4A CN108633666A (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | A kind of implantation methods improving yacon yield |
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CN1806487A (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2006-07-26 | 昆明瑞鹏生态农业科技有限公司 | Counter-season yacon planting method |
CN103651034A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 张家港市塘桥果艺园 | Organic high-yield yacon cultivation method |
CN105123246A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽格瑞农业开发有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for yacon trees |
CN107912253A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 广西博白县玫盛家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Qarnet Chinese yam |
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2018
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Patent Citations (4)
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---|---|---|---|---|
CN1806487A (en) * | 2006-01-27 | 2006-07-26 | 昆明瑞鹏生态农业科技有限公司 | Counter-season yacon planting method |
CN103651034A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-03-26 | 张家港市塘桥果艺园 | Organic high-yield yacon cultivation method |
CN105123246A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽格瑞农业开发有限公司 | Organic cultivation method for yacon trees |
CN107912253A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-04-17 | 广西博白县玫盛家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods of selenium-rich Qarnet Chinese yam |
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夏春森: "《种菜有学问这是一条真理》", 31 August 2013, 中国农业出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20181012 |