CN108617589A - A kind of eco-agricuhure system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological agriculture system, which relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology. Ecological tea gardens, grain and oil rotation planting areas, squirrel farms, and Tenebrio molitor breeding areas are established sequentially from top to bottom in low mountain and hilly areas to form a three-dimensional ecological agricultural system. Forage grass is planted in the vacant areas around the tea gardens for use as feed for Tenebrio molitors or organic tea gardens. Fertilizer; interplanting chestnuts and walnuts in tea gardens as food for squirrels, chestnut shells and walnut shells as organic fertilizers; crop rotation mode of sweet potato-rape-corn-rape; crops can feed Tenebrio molitor and squirrels, residues, manure and crop straw Make organic fertilizer together and apply it to the tea garden. The invention organically combines special breeding, planting, and ecological tea gardens, fully utilizes light and heat conditions and land resources, and forms an ecological agricultural system that recycles materials including tea, forest, grain, feed, grass, squirrel, and Tenebrio molitor, and improves Increase production efficiency, reduce environmental pollution, and realize healthy and sustainable agricultural development in hilly and mountainous areas.

Description

an ecological farming system

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecology, in particular to an ecological agricultural system.

Background technique

Agriculture is the primary industry on which human beings depend. my country is a large agricultural country with a large population. It is also a country with relatively backward agriculture. Agricultural production and management are extensive, scattered and backward, with a low degree of modernization and low efficiency. In order to meet the needs of population growth for food, meat, eggs and milk, high-intensity agricultural production and irrational agricultural land use management lead to soil and water pollution and the degradation of agricultural ecosystem functions, seriously threatening the living environment of human beings. Tea gardens in my country are mostly distributed in hilly and mountainous areas, with fragile ecosystems. Unreasonable resource development, agricultural production, and application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides often cause serious soil erosion and environmental pollution.

At present, the ecological agricultural system is mostly a single planting mode combined with aquaculture, or compound ecological cultivation, or three-dimensional agriculture in vertical space. There is no three-dimensional ecological agricultural system set up according to the topography. Based on this, it is necessary to plan a new type of ecological agriculture system.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological agricultural system to form an ecological agricultural system in which tea, forest, grain, forage, grass, squirrel, Tenebrio molitor are organically combined and material is recycled, and is applicable to low Tea gardens in hilly areas can reduce chemical input and achieve healthy and sustainable agricultural development in hilly areas.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of ecological agriculture system, including ecological tea garden, grain (feeding) oil tanker planting area, squirrel farm and Tenebrio molitor breeding area, ecological tea garden, grain (feeding) ) The oil tanker planting area, the squirrel farm, and the Tenebrio molitor breeding area are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the low mountain and hilly area, and jointly build a three-dimensional ecological agricultural system.

As a preference, in the ecological tea garden, Rumex and European chicory are planted around the tea garden and on both sides of the road, harvested in good time, and matched with corn flour or sweet potato flour harvested in the crop rotation planting area, or rape seedlings pulled out from rapeseed seedlings in the crop rotation planting area As feed for Tenebrio molitor; plant sorghum grass and imperial bamboo grass in open areas such as ditches and dams, and mow in good time, and use them as green manure to turn into tea gardens; in addition to shelterbelts and street trees, tea gardens are interplanted with chestnuts and walnuts, and some of them are used after harvest. Feeding squirrels, walnut shells and chestnut shells are used to make organic fertilizer as base fertilizer for tea gardens.

Preferably, the planting area of the grain (feeding) oil tanker is set as a rotation mode of sweet potato-rape-corn-rape: plant summer corn, plant rapeseed after harvest, plant sweet potato after harvest of rape next year, plant rape after harvest of sweet potato, Crop rotation in sequence; corn and sweet potatoes are used for grain feeding, rapeseed seedlings are used as food for Tenebrio molitor, rapeseed is used for tourism during flowering season, rapeseed is pressed for oil after harvest, rapeseed cake, corn straw and rape straw are used to make organic fertilizer. After the corn is harvested, cornmeal is used to feed Tenebrio molitor, corn kernels, Tenebrio molitor, and feces of Tenebrio molitor are fed to squirrels, and the residues of squirrel farms, feces, and residues from Tenebrio molitor breeding areas are made together with corn stalks to make organic fertilizer and applied to tea gardens Before the sweet potato is harvested, the sweet potato leaves are fed to Tenebrio molitor, after the sweet potato is harvested, the sweet potato powder is fed to Tenebrio molitor, the excrement of sweet potato, Tenebrio molitor, and Tenebrio molitor is fed to squirrels, the residue of squirrel farms, feces and Tenebrio molitor breeding area and sweet potato seedlings Make organic fertilizer together and apply it to the ecological tea garden. Rapeseed seedlings pulled out during thinning are used as food for Tenebrio molitor. After harvesting, rapeseed is pressed for oil, and rapeseed cakes, rape stalks, residues from squirrel farms, feces and residues from Tenebrio breeding areas are made into organic fertilizers and applied to ecological tea gardens.

As a preference, the squirrel food in the squirrel farm is mainly corn grains and sweet potatoes produced in the planting area, with chestnuts and walnuts produced in the interplanting tea garden, Tenebrio molitor and its feces in the Tenebrio molitor breeding area, and melons and fruits are added during special periods; The bred squirrels are used for tourism and are supplied to local restaurants, zoos, pet markets, and fur markets. The farm is divided into management area, mating area, breeding area, and breeding area: the height is 2.5-3.5m, and the bottom is built with a 1.0-1.2m high wall for heat preservation, cooling, and rain. A sunshade is built on the top, and low tree species are planted in the south to facilitate the activities of squirrels; the ground is hardened, which is convenient for feeding and cleaning. There is an automatic sewage system with a slope on the work path, and the end is an S-shaped drain to prevent squirrels from escaping and feces to pass through. The sewage system enters the storage device, and the sediment is regularly removed for organic fertilizer production; a feeding device is installed on the north side of the breeding area, which is connected to the feeding port of the management area through a transmission pipeline.

As a preference, the Tenebrio molitor breeding area is equipped with an automatic temperature and humidity control device to adjust the air temperature and humidity according to different seasons and growth periods. There is a water outlet on the ground of the Tenebrio breeding area, which is connected to the storage device, and the lower sediment is regularly removed for organic fertilizer production. The food of Tenebrio molitor is mainly cornmeal, sweet potato leaves, sweet potato powder produced in the planting area, Rumex and European chicory planted in the tea garden spare area, with thinned rapeseed seedlings and other feeds.

As a preference, the ratio of raw materials for making organic fertilizer is: 30-35 parts of squirrel feces residue, 15-20 parts of Tenebrio molitor residue, 15-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-15 parts of corn stalk/rape stalk/sweet potato seedling , 5-10 parts of walnut shells, 5-10 parts of chestnut shells.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the system organically combines special breeding of squirrels and Tenebrio molitors with planting and ecological tea gardens through rational arrangement, forming a system of organic combination of tea, forest, grain, fodder, grass, squirrels and Tenebrio molitors, and material recycling Ecological agricultural system, which is suitable for tea gardens in low mountain and hilly areas, can be applied to the construction of sightseeing agricultural gardens or farming experience gardens, which can maximize resource utilization, reduce chemical input, and achieve the greatest overall ecological and economic benefits. Realize the healthy and sustainable development of agriculture in hilly and mountainous areas.

Description of drawings

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment;

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical means, creative features, goals and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

With reference to Fig. 1, present specific embodiment adopts following technical scheme: a kind of ecological agriculture system, comprises ecological tea garden, grain (feeding) tanker as planting area, squirrel farm and Tenebrio molitor breeding area, described ecological tea garden, grain (feeding) The oil tanker planting area, the squirrel farm, and the Tenebrio molitor breeding area are established sequentially from top to bottom in the low mountain and hilly area, forming a three-dimensional ecological agricultural system.

The ecological tea garden: plant Rumex and European chicory around the tea garden and on both sides of the road, and harvest them in good time, and match them with corn flour or sweet potato flour harvested in the crop rotation planting area, or rapeseed seedlings pulled out from the rapeseed seedlings in the crop rotation planting area, as Tenebrio molitor feed; plant sorghum grass and imperial bamboo grass in open areas such as ditches and dams, and mow them in time for green manure to be turned into tea gardens; in addition to shelter forests and street trees, tea gardens are interplanted with chestnuts and walnuts, and some of them are used for Feeding squirrels is part of the economic income, and walnut shells and chestnut shells are used to make organic fertilizers as base fertilizers for tea gardens.

The grain (feeding) oil tanker is used as the planting area: the crop rotation mode of sweet potato-rape-corn-rape is adopted: summer corn is planted, rape is planted after corn harvest, sweet potato is planted after rape harvest next year, rape is planted after sweet potato harvest, in order crop rotation. Corn and sweet potatoes are used for grain feeding, rapeseed seedlings are used as food for Tenebrio molitor, rapeseed is used for tourism during the flowering season, rapeseed is pressed for oil after harvest, rapeseed cake, corn stalks and rape stalks are used to make organic fertilizer. The details are as follows: After the corn is harvested, cornmeal is used to feed Tenebrio molitor, corn kernels, Tenebrio molitor, and the feces of Tenebrio molitor are fed to squirrels, residues from squirrel farms, feces, and residues from Tenebrio breeding areas are made together with corn stalks to make organic fertilizer and applied to tea gardens Before the sweet potato is harvested, the sweet potato leaves are fed to Tenebrio molitor, after the sweet potato is harvested, the sweet potato powder is fed to Tenebrio molitor, the excrement of sweet potato, Tenebrio molitor, and Tenebrio molitor is fed to squirrels, the residue of squirrel farms, feces and Tenebrio molitor breeding area and sweet potato seedlings Make organic fertilizer together and apply it to the ecological tea garden. Rapeseed seedlings pulled out during thinning are used as food for Tenebrio molitor. After harvesting, rapeseed is pressed for oil, and rapeseed cake, rape straw, residues from squirrel farms, feces and residues from Tenebrio breeding areas are made into organic fertilizers and applied to ecological tea gardens.

Squirrel Farm: The squirrel food is mainly corn grains and sweet potatoes produced in the planting area, with chestnuts and walnuts produced in the interplanting tea garden, Tenebrio molitor and its feces in the Tenebrio molitor breeding area, and melons and fruits are added during special periods; the cultivated squirrels are used for tourism Sightseeing, supplying soil restaurants, zoos, pet markets, and fur markets. The farm is divided into management area, mating area, breeding area, and breeding area: the breeding area is 2.5-3.5m high, and the bottom is built with a 1.0-1.2m high wall for heat preservation, cooling, and rain. The upper and top are surrounded by barbed wire , A sunshade is built on the north side, and low tree species are planted on the south side to facilitate the activities of squirrels; the ground is hardened, which is convenient for feeding and cleaning. There is an automatic sewage system with a slope on the work path, and an S-shaped drain at the end to prevent squirrels from escaping. The feces enter the storage device through the sewage system, and the sediment is regularly removed for organic fertilizer production; a feeding device is installed on the north side of the breeding area, which is connected to the feeding port of the management area through a transmission pipeline.

Tenebrio breeding area: There is an automatic temperature and humidity control device in the area to adjust the air temperature and humidity according to different seasons and growth periods. There is a water outlet on the ground of the Tenebrio breeding area, which is connected to the storage device, and the lower sediment is regularly removed for organic fertilizer production. The food of Tenebrio molitor is mainly corn flour, sweet potato leaves, sweet potato powder produced in the planting area, Rumex and European chicory planted in the tea garden spare area, and it is matched with thinned rapeseed seedlings and other feeds.

It is worth noting that the ratio of raw materials for making organic fertilizers is: 30-35 parts of squirrel manure residue, 15-20 parts of Tenebrio molitor residue, 15-20 parts of rapeseed cake, 10-20 parts of corn stalk/rape stalk/sweet potato seedling 15 parts, 5-10 parts of walnut shell, 5-10 parts of chestnut shell.

This specific implementation mode builds three-dimensional agriculture according to the terrain and site conditions, makes full use of light and heat conditions and land resources, and organically combines the special breeding of squirrels and Tenebrio molitors with the planting industry and ecological tea gardens through reasonable layout, forming a tea garden that includes tea, forest, An ecological agricultural system that effectively circulates materials and energy including grain, fodder, grass, squirrels, and Tenebrio molitor, with overall planning and maximum optimization of resource utilization, which not only improves production efficiency, but also reduces chemical inputs and environmental pollution; In addition, based on the combination of planting, breeding, and tea, and through reasonable space and time arrangements, this ecological agricultural system can be used to build sightseeing and tourism agricultural gardens or farming experience gardens. Farming operations, cracking walnuts and chestnuts, and close contact with special animals such as squirrels and Tenebrio molitors attract tourists from multiple aspects, further promote the development of rural tourism, realize agricultural income generation, accelerate the realization of rural revitalization, and increase economic benefits. Application bright future.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of eco-agricuhure system, which is characterized in that including Ecological Tea Gardens, grain and oil crop rotation growing area, squirrel farm and Huang Mealworm culture zone, Ecological Tea Gardens, grain and oil crop rotation growing area, squirrel farm, yellow meal worm culture zone Hills And Low Mountains from upper and It sets gradually, common build is solid ecological agriculture system；

The Ecological Tea Gardens are in tea place surrounding, road both sides plantation Rumex, European witloof, timely collecting, crop rotation of arranging in pairs or groups The Brassica campestris L seedling that the corn flour or sweet potato powder of growing area harvest or crop rotation growing area rape thinning are pulled up is as yellow meal worm feed； Idly band plants Sorghum sudanense, hybrid giant napier by irrigation canals and ditches, Kan Ba, and cradles in due course, and tea place is ploughed under for green manure；Except shelter-forest, trade Tree is outer, and Chinese chestnut, walnut are interplanted in tea place, and harvest rear portion is for feeding squirrel, walnut shell and chestnut shell for making organic fertilizer As tea place base manure；

The grain and oil crop rotation growing area is set as the rotation system of sweet potato-rape-corn-rape：Summer corn is planted, is planted after harvest Rape is planted, sweet potato is planted after the harvesting of next year rape, rape is planted after sweet potato harvesting, successively crop rotation；Corn, sweet potato cook grain feeding, oil Dish seedling cooks the food of yellow meal worm, and rape blooms season to go sightseeing, rapeseed oil after harvest, rape cake, maize straw and Rape stalk is used for making organic fertilizer；

Based on corn kernel that the squirrel food of the squirrel farm is produced with growing area, sweet potato, the interplanting life of collocation tea place The Chinese chestnut of production, the yellow meal worm of walnut and yellow meal worm culture zone and its excrement；The squirrel of cultivation supplies native dish for going sightseeing Shop, zoo, pet market, fur market；Farm is divided into directorial area, mating area, breeding area, culture zone；

The yellow meal worm culture zone is equipped with the temperature automatically controlled wet device of control and it is warm and humid to adjust air according to Various Seasonal and breeding time Degree；There are collector nozzles on yellow meal worm culture zone ground, are connected with storage device, periodically remove portion's deposit and carry out organic fertilizer making； Rumex, the Europe of corn flour, sweet potato leaves, sweet potato powder and the plantation of tea place free area that yellow meal worm food is produced with growing area Based on witloof, the Brassica Napus Seedling for thinning of arranging in pairs or groups and other feeds.

2. a kind of eco-agricuhure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grain and oil crop rotation growing area corn After harvest, corn flour feed yellow meal worm, niblet, yellow meal worm, yellow meal worm excrement feed squirrel, the residue of squirrel farm, Excrement and the residue of yellow meal worm culture zone make organic fertilizer together with maize straw and apply tea place；Before sweet potato harvesting, sweet potato leaves are fed Support yellow meal worm, after sweet potato harvesting, sweet potato powder feeds yellow meal worm, sweet potato, yellow meal worm, yellow meal worm excrement feed squirrel, squirrel is supported The residue, excrement and the residue of yellow meal worm culture zone for growing field make organic fertilizer application Ecological Tea Gardens together with sweet potato vine；Between rape Food of the seedling pulled up when seedling as yellow meal worm, rapeseed oil after harvest, rape cake, rape stalk and squirrel farm The residue of residue, excrement and yellow meal worm culture zone makes organic fertilizer and applies Ecological Tea Gardens together.

3. a kind of eco-agricuhure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the squirrel farm culture zone is high 1.0-1.2m high walls are built in 2.5-3.5m, bottom, and to keep the temperature, drop heat, rain cover, top and top are impaled with wire netting, on north Short seeds are transplanted in square lid sunshade, the south, facilitate squirrel movable；Hardened ground is convenient for feeding and cleaning, is stayed on operation sidewalk Have with acclive automatic blowdown system, end is that S type discharge outlet is fled with squirrel-preventing, and excrement enters storage by drainage Device periodically removes portion's deposit to carry out organic fertilizer making；Culture zone north side is equipped with feeder, is connected by transmission pipeline Connect the feeding mouth of directorial area.

4. a kind of eco-agricuhure system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the organic fertilizer makes raw material proportioning For：30-35 parts of squirrel excrement residue, 15-20 parts of yellow meal worm residue, 15-20 parts of rape cake, maize straw/rape stalk/sweet potato 10-15 parts of seedling, 5-10 parts of walnut shell, 5-10 parts of chestnut shell.