CN112369284A - Method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to field and application - Google Patents
Method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to field and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields and application. The cultivation returning method comprises the steps of green manure selection, green manure planting, green manure mowing and green manure returning. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention finds that the sorghum sudanense can be used as green manure in the intercropping planting of bananas, the number of fusarium oxysporum can be reduced in the growth process of the sorghum sudanense, and the sorghum sudanense has a control effect on banana wilt. According to the method, the fine soil preparation is not needed before the banana planting, and the sorghum sudanense is not needed to be manually managed after the banana planting, so that the time can be saved, and unnecessary investment of manpower and material resources can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of green manure cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields and application.
Background
The banana is rich in antioxidant (vitamin A, vitamin B)6Vitamin C, etc.) and minerals (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, etc.) are nutritious and healthy tropical fruits, one of the most important economic and food crops in tropical regions of the world. Bananas are also one of the most nutritious export agricultural products and are widely planted in tropical regions where the whole world is suitable. 120 countries around the world grow bananas, and the growing areas are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas between 30 degrees of north and south latitude. The annual yield of bananas is about hundred million tons all over the world, and the total yield only comes after rice, wheat and corn. China is one of the major producing countries of bananas in the world. The economic benefit of bananas is higher compared to other crops. Bananas are perennial evergreen monocotyledon herbaceous plants, are used as the largest herbaceous flowering plants in the world, have the growth period of 14 months, and need to be supplemented with nutrients in each growth period. From planting to harvest, 5-6kg of organic fertilizer is needed for each banana, and 6.1kg of pure nitrogen, 0.52% of pure phosphorus and 18.9kg of pure potassium are needed for each growing banana. The lack of fertilizer results in slow growth of banana plants, reduced fruit numbers, and effects on the formation of photosynthetic products and fruit growth. However, single cropping and high multiple cropping cultivation modes of massive planting of bananas cause soil degradation, resulting in frequent banana wilt.
The green manure is a fertilizer made of green plants. Green manure is a complete biological fertilizer source. The green manure is an effective method for increasing fertilizer sources and has great effect on improving soil. Sorghum sudanense is a forage grass hybrid prepared by distant hybridization of sorghum and sudanense, and is mainly used for feeding cattle, sheep, rabbits and fish. The grass product has high yield, good quality and good palatability, and is adopted by many farmers. According to the search, no report that sorghum sudanense is taken as green manure exists at present, and the planting of the green manure among banana gardens has the following problems:
(1) although the reported related research is carried out by soaking the green manure seeds in warm water before planting, accelerating germination or transplanting, the operation is complicated and time and labor are wasted for the large-scale planting of the green manure in the banana garden; the germination rate is low due to the fact that the germination rate is low due to insufficient water supply when the seeds are planted, the germination rate is improved due to the fact that seeds are soaked in warm water, and meanwhile survival is guaranteed due to the fact that seeds are small in particle size or cannot be harvested in a transplanting mode;
(2) in the process of planting the green manure, most researches adopt fine farming or ridging, and mainly reduce the influence of soil compactness and moisture on the growth of the green manure in the sprouting and growing processes of the green manure;
(3) in the aspect of returning green manure to the field, no clear description is provided for the green manure mowing height at present;
(4) while returning to the field, most researches do not cut off the green manure, so that the decomposition time of the green manure is long no matter the green manure is deeply buried or returned to the field by covering, nutrient release is retarded, and the expected effect cannot be achieved;
(5) the main purpose of interplanting other plants in most banana gardens is to obtain the yield of other crops, and neglect the occurrence of banana diseases and insect pests and the conditions of soil fertility and nutrients of intercropped crops;
(6) most plantain intercropping plants are short-term plants, and are only carried out in new plantains.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields and application thereof.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting green manure: selecting seeds of sorghum sudanense as a green manure variety;
s2, planting green manure: planting sorghum sudanense in idle row of banana within 2 months after banana planting or within 1 month after the ratoon banana is renewed; at the moment, the biomass of the overground part of the bananas is not large, good water and heat resources are provided for the growth of the green manure at the same time, in addition, the green manure is planted after the bananas are planted, the existing sprinkling irrigation belt can be utilized to convey the water and the manure to the bananas and simultaneously supply water and nutrients to the green manure, and the growth of the green manure is ensured;
s3, mowing the green manure: mowing the sorghum bicolor in the grouting maturity period, wherein the mowing height is 18-22 cm;
s4, returning green manure: digging a pit near a root system or a fertilizing pit of the banana, completely burying the stem of the sorghum vulgare after being cut into pieces and covering soil with the thickness of 15-25cm, or cutting the stem of the sorghum vulgare into sections by using a weeding machine, and directly remaining the sections between planting rows of the sorghum vulgare, wherein the former can enable the release of green manure nutrients to be more sufficient, and the latter can save time.
Further, in step S2, the banana is emperor banana.
Further, the row spacing of the vacant rows of the bananas in the step S2 is 2.2m multiplied by 2m or more, and sorghum sudanense is planted.
Further, in step S2, planting sorghum sudangrass by using a drill method, specifically: 2-3 ditches with the depth of 2-5cm are arranged between the rows of the banana non-sprinkling irrigation belt by using shovels, the distance between the ditches is 30cm, the sowing depth is 2-5cm, and the soil is covered and compacted after sowing.
Furthermore, the method also comprises the step of applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer before planting the green manure, wherein the application amount is 350-425 kg/ha.
Further, the size of the pit in step S4 is: the length is 0.8m, the width is 0.5m, and the depth is 0.2 m.
The application of sorghum sudanense as green manure in the intercropping planting of bananas.
The application of sorghum sudanense in preventing and treating banana wilt.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the growth conditions of the sorghum sudanense are similar to those of bananas, so that the sorghum sudanense planted in the banana field can easily germinate, the process of soaking seeds in warm water for accelerating germination before planting of the sorghum sudanense can be omitted, the phenomenon of 'seed powdering' caused by low temperature and large rainwater is reduced, and meanwhile, the complicated transplanting procedure is reduced;
2. the growth conditions of the sorghum sudanense are not severe, seedlings can emerge under normal conditions, fine land preparation before planting is not needed, time can be saved, and unnecessary investment of manpower and material resources is reduced;
3. in the planting time, the planting time of the sorghum sudanense is behind the bananas, and the appropriate conditions of the temperature and the humidity in the period can be judged according to the growth vigor of the bananas, so that a basis is provided for the sowing time of the sorghum sudanense;
4. after the sorghum sudanense is planted, manual management is not needed, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, the application of water and fertilizer follows the application of water and fertilizer in the banana garden, and the pipeline transportation is adopted, so that the convenience and the rapidness are realized;
5. the sorghum sudanense can reduce the number of fusarium oxysporum in the growth process and reduce the disease (blight) suffered by bananas in the growth process;
6. the invention provides a method for preventing the growth of main crops from being influenced by too long green manure after the high-red-grass is mowed, wherein the mowing height of the high-red-grass is 18-22 cm;
7. when the sorghum sudanense is returned to the field, the stalks of the sorghum sudanense are cut into pieces and completely buried in a soil layer of 15-25cm, or the pieces are cut into sections of 10-15cm by a weeding machine and directly left between the planting rows of the sorghum sudanense, so that the phenomenon of slow release of nutrients caused by overlarge stalks of the sorghum sudanense is avoided.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, without limiting the scope of the invention to the following:
example 1: a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting green manure: selecting seeds of sorghum sudanense as a green manure variety;
s2, planting green manure: planting sorghum sudanense at an idle row spacing of 2.2m multiplied by 2m or more in bananas within 2 months after planting the bananas, and planting the sorghum sudanense by adopting a drilling method, which comprises the following specific steps: 3 ditches with the depth of 3cm are formed among the rows of the banana non-sprinkling irrigation belt by using shovels, the distance between every two ditches is 30cm, the sowing depth is 4cm, soil is covered and compacted after sowing, and the banana is a emperor banana;
s3, mowing the green manure: mowing the sorghum bicolor in the grouting maturity period, wherein the mowing height is 20 cm;
s4, returning green manure: digging a pit near a root system of the banana, wherein the size of the pit is as follows: the length is 0.8m, the width is 0.5m, the depth is 0.2m, the stem of the sorghum sudanense is completely buried in a pit after being cut into pieces, and the soil with the thickness of 22cm is covered.
The method also comprises applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 400kg/ha before planting the sorghum sudanense, then transporting moisture and fertilizer to the bananas through a sprinkling irrigation belt in the growing process of the bananas, wherein the sorghum sudanense grows among the banana rows, and obtains nutrient and moisture along with the transportation of the moisture and the fertilizer of the bananas.
Example 2: a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting green manure: selecting seeds of sorghum sudanense as a green manure variety;
s2, planting green manure: planting sorghum sudanense at an idle row spacing of 2.2m multiplied by 2m or more in bananas within 2 months after planting the bananas, and planting the sorghum sudanense by adopting a drilling method, which comprises the following specific steps: 2 ditches with the depth of 2cm are formed among the rows of the banana non-sprinkling irrigation belt by using shovels, the distance between every two ditches is 30cm, the sowing depth is 2cm, soil is covered and compacted after sowing, and the banana is a emperor banana;
s3, mowing the green manure: mowing the sorghum bicolor in the grouting maturity period, wherein the mowing height is 18 cm;
s4, returning green manure: digging a pit near a root system of the banana, wherein the size of the pit is as follows: the length is 0.8m, the width is 0.5m, the depth is 0.2m, the stem of the sorghum sudanense is completely buried in a pit after being cut into pieces, and the soil with the thickness of 15cm is covered.
The method also comprises the step of applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 350kg/ha before planting the sorghum sudanense, then transporting moisture and fertilizer to the bananas through a sprinkling irrigation belt in the growing process of the bananas, wherein the sorghum sudanense grows among the banana rows, and obtains nutrient and moisture along with the transportation of the moisture and the fertilizer of the bananas.
Example 3: a method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass to fields comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting green manure: selecting seeds of sorghum sudanense as a green manure variety;
s2, planting green manure: planting sorghum sudanense at the spacing of the idle row of the bananas within 1 month after the perennial root bananas are updated, planting the sorghum sudanense by adopting a drilling method, and specifically comprising the following steps: 3 ditches with the depth of 5cm are arranged among the rows of the banana non-sprinkling irrigation belt by using shovels, the distance between every two ditches is 30cm, the sowing depth is 5cm, and soil is covered and compacted after sowing;
s3, mowing the green manure: mowing the sorghum bicolor in the flowering period, wherein the mowing height is 22 cm;
s4, returning green manure: digging a pit near the banana fertilizing pit, wherein the size of the pit is as follows: the length is 0.8m, the width is 0.5m, the depth is 0.2m, the stem of the sorghum sudanense is cut into sections by a weeding machine, and the sections are directly remained between the planting rows of the sorghum sudanense.
The method also comprises applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer with the fertilizing amount of 425kg/ha before planting the sorghum sudanense, then transporting moisture and fertilizer to the bananas through a sprinkling irrigation belt during the growth of the bananas, wherein the sorghum sudanense grows among the banana rows, and obtains nutrient and moisture along with the transportation of the moisture and the fertilizer of the bananas.
The following experiments illustrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
1. experimental site: bridgehead town banana garden, Chengmei county, Hainan (E109 ° 91 '77 ", N19 ° 95' 50");
2. experiment time: planting green manure in 2016 in 9 months, and performing a landfill experiment in 2017 in 3 months for one year;
3. the experimental method comprises the following steps: the experimental group was the same as example 1, and the control group was a single banana;
4. the experimental results are as follows:
(1) soil organic matter
When the sorghum sudanense is returned for 6 months and 1 year, the soil organic matter content is respectively 2.74 percent and 2.36 percent under the condition of 1/2 returning amount, the soil organic matter content is respectively 2.86 percent and 2.51 percent under the condition of 1 time returning amount, and is 2.97 percent and 2.66 percent under the condition of 2 time returning amount, and the reduction of the sorghum sudanense also has obvious influence on the soil organic matter content compared with the soil organic matter without the reduction of the sorghum sudanense (namely a control group) (2.6 percent in 6 months and 2.05 percent in 1 year).
(2) Conductivity of soil
When the sorghum sudanense returns for 2 months, 15t/hm230t/hm under the return amount260t/hm under the return amount2The soil conductivity under the returning amount is 549.5 mu s/cm, 737.8 mu s/cm and 777.9 mu s/cm respectively, which is obviously higher than the soil conductivity (315.3 mu s/cm) without the returning of the sorghum sudanense (namely a control group); the soil conductivity of the sorghum sudanense is obviously higher than that of the control group when the sorghum sudanense is returned to the field for 2 months.
(3) Fusarium oxysporum number in soil
As shown in Table 1, the number of fusarium oxysporum in the soil of banana + green manure rhizosphere and green manure rhizosphere is obviously reduced after the sorghum sudanense is intercropped on bananas.
TABLE 1 Fusarium oxysporum population in the soil 1 year after planting sorghum sudanense
| Sampling point | Number (cfu 10)3/g) |
| Single banana | 3.60±0.64a |
| Root soil of sorghum sudanense | 2.1±0.06c |
| Banana and sorghum hybrid | 3.1±0.14b |
a. b, c represent the significance of the differences after one-way anova, for example: a and b show that the quantity of the fusarium oxysporum in single banana soil is remarkably higher than that of the fusarium oxysporum under banana and sorghum sudanense, b and c are the same as above, and a and c are extremely remarkable.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating and returning green manure sorghum hybrid sudangrass is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting green manure: selecting seeds of sorghum sudanense as a green manure variety;
s2, planting green manure: planting sorghum sudanense in idle row of banana within 2 months after banana planting or within 1 month after the ratoon banana is renewed;
s3, mowing the green manure: mowing the sorghum bicolor in the grouting maturity period, wherein the mowing height is 18-22 cm;
s4, returning green manure: digging a pit near a root system or a fertilizing pit of the banana, completely burying the stem of the sorghum vulgare after being cut into pieces and covering soil with the thickness of 15-25cm, or cutting the stem of the sorghum vulgare into sections by using a weeding machine, and directly keeping the sections between planting rows of the sorghum vulgare.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the banana in step S2 is emperor banana.
3. The method for returning the green manure sorghum halepense to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the vacant row of bananas in step S2 is 2.2m x 2m or more.
4. The method for cultivating and returning the green manure sorghum halepense as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 of planting the sorghum halepense by adopting a drill method comprises the following specific steps: 2-3 ditches with the depth of 2-5cm are arranged between the rows of the banana non-sprinkling irrigation belt by using shovels, the distance between the ditches is 30cm, the sowing depth is 2-5cm, and the soil is covered and compacted after sowing.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in an amount of 350-.
6. The method for returning the green manure sorghum halepense to the field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the size of the pits in step S4 is as follows: the length is 0.8m, the width is 0.5m, and the depth is 0.2 m.
7. Use of sorghum sudanense as claimed in claim 1 as green manure in the intercropping of bananas.
8. Use of sorghum sudanense according to claim 1 for the control of banana vascular wilt.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114793794A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Ecological planting method for intercropping sorghum sudanense and corn |
| CN115443755A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-09 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing abandoned land by using vetiver grass |
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| CN114793794A (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2022-07-29 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Ecological planting method for intercropping sorghum sudanense and corn |
| CN115443755A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-12-09 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing abandoned land by using vetiver grass |
| CN115443755B (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2023-06-30 | 广州华苑园林股份有限公司 | Method for repairing abandoned land by utilizing vetiver grass |
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Application publication date: 20210219 |