CN103931398B - A kind of wheat ripe efficient cultivation method of cyanines two and the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of wheat cyanines - Google Patents
A kind of wheat ripe efficient cultivation method of cyanines two and the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of wheat cyanines Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of wheat ripe efficient cultivation method of cyanines two and the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of wheat cyanines, first the present invention there is provided the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two, and comprise wheat cultivation and sesbania cultivation, wheat cultivating method is for sow planting in mid-October, and early June next year gathers in the crops; The present invention, on the basis of wheat conventional cultivation, by the step such as no-tillage seeding, single fertilization, grain harvest, straw-returning of sesbania, realizes simplified cultivation and " two crops a year ".Present invention also offers a kind of wheat supporting with this cultivation method and the general cutting bench for harvesting of sesbania, be made up of straw shift wheel, auger, upper cutter, lower cutter and power set thereof, achieve the entire mechanization in wheat and sesbania " two crops a year " cultivation, making full use of and improveing on the basis of land resources, save human resources, improve economic results in society and the ecological environment benefit of wheat and sesbania production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of agricultural production technologies, particularly a kind of be applicable to Huang-Huai-Hai wheat and sesbania " two crops a year " efficient cultivation method and supporting wheat and the general cutting bench for harvesting of sesbania.
Background technology
Sesbania is as traditional green manure crop in summer, and 60 ~ seventies of 20th century generally plants in Huang-Huai-Hai, is used for growing after wheat or corn, cotton intercropping etc.After the seventies, because of the development of chemical fertilizer industry, take sesbania as the rapid atrophy of cultivated area of the green manure crop of representative.After entering 21 century, along with the exploitation of sesbania seed medical value and sesbania gum are in the extensive use in the fields such as oil extraction in oil field, ore dressing metallurgy, mining blasting, weaving, daily-use chemical industry, increase year by year to gather in the crops sesbania cultivated area for the purpose of seed.
At present, " 1 year one ripe " mode of production of Huang-Huai-Hai sesbania grain harvest technology many employings the seventies in last century six." Henan Province sesbania experiment and demonstration achievement Report (Bai Hongxiang, soil is circulated a notice of, phase nineteen sixty-five 06) ", " salt tolerant green manure---sesbania cultivation research (Lu Ping Zhang, Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 09 phase in 1964) ", " sesbania Primary Study (the China Agriculture Academe Fertilizer Institute that eternally happy shop regional culture utilizes in Beijing, soil is circulated a notice of, phase nineteen sixty-five 06) ", " the culture and utility of sesbania in Shandong and change alkali effect (soil and fertilizer research institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, soil is circulated a notice of, phase nineteen sixty-five 06) ", " sesbania in 1963 is reserved seed for planting experiment in cultivation preliminary study (Zhao Jinglian, Shandong agricultural science, 02 phase in 1964) " etc. sesbania seed disclosed in research paper " the 1 year one ripe " mode of production, except whole, basal dressing, topdress, weeding, beyond the conventional field management such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests, main manufacturing parameter is: late April is to artificial seeding's mid-May, Deng line-spacing 20cm ~ 33cm trench sowing, program request, drilling or broadcast sowing, the amount of broadcasting 30kg/hm2 ~ 60kg/hm2, or seedling raising and transplanting, florescence pinches or plucks the limit heart, late October manually gathered in the crops to early November.
Patent of invention 201310189425.7(application number) disclose and be a kind ofly applicable to the sugar grass in saline land and the method for sesbania intercropping, the production procedure disclosing sesbania in literary composition is: desalination soil, fertilising, whole, seed soaking 6h ~ 12h, April 28 to May 10 artificial dibbling or bunch planting (every bunch planting kind 4 ~ 6, the degree of depth is 4cm ~ 5cm, line-spacing is 33cm ~ 35cm), overlay film firming, emerge after artificial rupture of membrane, artificial thinning or fill the gaps with seedlings, hand harvest.
In sum, the outstanding problem that current Huang-Huai-Hai sesbania grain harvest technology exists is: (1) production time is long, can only accomplish " 1 year one ripe ", wastes land resources; (2) production link that simple use is artificial is too much, and mechanization degree is on the low side; (3) compared with other crops, production cost is high, and benefit is low, and the enthusiasm of peasant planting sesbania is not high.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two and the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of wheat cyanines, it makes up the deficiency that existing sesbania seed production technology exists, solve the production cycle existed in existing sesbania culture technique long, can only accomplish " 1 year one ripe ", some row problems such as waste land resources.It is on the basis making full use of land resources, improves mechanization production degree, avoids because land resources is left unused the caused wasting of resources, reduces sesbania planting cost, improve the benefit of sesbania plantation.
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two, and comprise wheat cultivation and sesbania cultivation, wheat cultivating method is for sow planting in mid-October, and early June next year gathers in the crops; Described sesbania cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) no-tillage seeding
Early June, preceding crop wheat toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, Wheat stalk-covering earth's surface.Use sower to carry out sesbania no-tillage seeding, sowing adopts wide-and narrow-row drilling, narrow row line-spacing 40cm ~ 45cm, and wide every trade is apart from 75cm ~ 80cm, seed level 1cm ~ 4cm, sowing quantity 4.5kg/hm
2~ 7.5kg/hm
2;
Preferred strain shape is compact, branch is few, stem bears pods be master, plant height 1m ~ 2m, the time of infertility 100d ~ 120d mid-early maturity type sesbania kind; The disc type precision seeder of preferably with fertilizing functions carries out seeding operation;
(2) single fertilization
Sesbania base manure is according to N24kg/hm
2~ 36kg/hm
2and P
2o
572kg/hm
2~ 108kg/hm
2effective dose, use chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc.; Sesbania base manure applies the below of seed when sowing with precision seeder, degree of depth 6cm ~ 10cm;
Single fertilization is carried out while preferably carrying out sesbania seeding operation with disc type precision seeder; Preferred Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc.;
(3) grain harvest
Mid-October, 60% ~ 80% pod maturation time carry out grain harvest operation.Seed airing is to water content less than 13%, and warehouse-in is preserved;
(4) straw-returning
After sesbania results, toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, sesbania improving straw mulching earth's surface, after straw-returning, topsoil 5cm ~ 15cm soil rotary tillage 1 time, just can carry out wheat cultivation planting with sower.
In order to realize wheat that above-mentioned cultivation method cultivates and sesbania harvesting, present invention also offers the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of a kind of wheat cyanines, comprising ceding of Taiwan shell holder, described ceding of Taiwan shell holder is provided with main drive wheel;
The leading section of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder is fixedly installed nearside divider, the inside of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder is provided with auger, the side of spiral propeller is provided with screw driver driving wheel, the top of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder arranges dialing-grain unit, the side of dialing-grain unit arranges dialing-grain unit driving wheel, and described dialing-grain unit is hingedly fixed in ceding of Taiwan shell holder by dialing-grain unit fixed support;
Described cutter comprises cutter and lower cutter, described upper cutter is arranged in the ceding of Taiwan shell holder of spiral propeller bottom, described upper cutter is connected to upper cutter driving wheel by gangbar, and the operating frequency of upper cutter is regulated by gangbar, be connected by belt between upper cutter driving wheel and auger driving wheel described above;
Dialing-grain unit driving wheel described above and auger driving wheel are connected to main drive wheel respectively by belt;
Described lower cutter is arranged on the bottom of ceding of Taiwan shell holder, described lower cutter is hingedly fixed in ceding of Taiwan shell holder by cutter height regulator solution depression bar, described lower cutter arranges cutter drive unit, described cutter drive unit is connected to main drive wheel by speed changer and belt, and regulates the operating frequency of lower cutter by speed changer.
The hydraulic lifting arm regulating dialing-grain unit height is provided with between described dialing-grain unit fixed support and ceding of Taiwan shell holder.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) the invention discloses the Efficient Cultivation scheme of a grow wheat and sesbania " two crops a year ", on the one hand, change traditional seed mode of production of sesbania " a year ripe ", take full advantage of cultivated land resource day by day in short supply, improve the production efficiency in arable land; On the other hand, sesbania, as excellent green manure crop, after its straw-returning, can increase soil nutrient, improves soil material resources proterties, and accelerate Soil Desalting, change alkali and increase soil fertility, ecological benefits are obvious.In addition, the present invention selects sesbania kind by science, build rational population density, eliminate the seed soaking in the cultivation of traditional sesbania, seedling raising and transplanting, overlay film firming, rupture of membranes of emerging, thinning are filled the gaps with seedlings, the florescence pinches or plucks the Manual operation link such as Bian Xin, save human resources greatly, improve the economic benefit at plantation family.
(2) the invention discloses a kind of wheat supporting with cultivation method and the general cutting bench for harvesting of sesbania, on the one hand, the working depth different by upper and lower two cutters and operating frequency, solve a difficult problem for sesbania mechanized harvest, achieve sesbania plantation from the entire mechanization operation being seeded into results; On the other hand, the stubble height of general combine 30cm ~ 50cm is reduced to 4cm ~ 6cm, can realize the no-tillage seeding of sesbania, the covering of wheat stalk inhibits weed growth and soil water evaporation, and the machinery of consolidation before greatly reducing sowing drops into artificial.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the ripe efficient cultivation method flow charts of wheat cyanines two of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the ceding of Taiwan;
Fig. 3 is the end view of the ceding of Taiwan;
In figure: cutter, 221-cutter drive unit, 3-main drive wheel, 4-nearside divider, 5-auger, 6-auger driving wheel, 7-dialing-grain unit, 8-dialing-grain unit driving wheel, 9-dialing-grain unit fixed support, 10-gangbar, the upper cutter driving wheel of 11-, 12-cutter height regulator solution depression bar, 13-speed changer, 14-hydraulic lifting arm under 1-ceding of Taiwan shell holder, the upper cutter of 21-, 22-.
Embodiment
For the technical characterstic of this programme can be clearly demonstrated, below by an embodiment, and in conjunction with its accompanying drawing, this programme is set forth.
As shown in Figure 1, the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two of the present invention, the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two, comprise wheat cultivation and sesbania cultivation, wherein wheat cultivating method is the common technology means of this area, namely sows planting in mid-October, and early June next year gathers in the crops; Described sesbania cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) no-tillage seeding
Early June, preceding crop wheat toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, Wheat stalk-covering earth's surface.Use sower to carry out sesbania no-tillage seeding, sowing adopts wide-and narrow-row drilling, narrow row line-spacing 40cm ~ 45cm, and wide every trade is apart from 75cm ~ 80cm, seed level 1cm ~ 4cm, sowing quantity 4.5kg/hm
2~ 7.5kg/hm
2;
Preferred strain shape is compact, branch is few, stem bears pods be master, plant height 1m ~ 2m, the time of infertility 100d ~ 120d mid-early maturity type sesbania kind; The disc type precision seeder of preferably with fertilizing functions carries out seeding operation;
(2) single fertilization
Sesbania base manure is according to N24kg/hm
2~ 36kg/hm
2and P
2o
572kg/hm
2~ 108kg/hm
2effective dose, use chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc.; Sesbania base manure applies the below of seed when sowing with precision seeder, degree of depth 6cm ~ 10cm;
Single fertilization is carried out while preferably carrying out sesbania seeding operation with disc type precision seeder; Preferred Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer etc.;
(3) grain harvest
Mid-October, 60% ~ 80% pod maturation time carry out grain harvest operation.Seed airing is to water content less than 13%, and warehouse-in is preserved;
(4) straw-returning
After sesbania results, toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, sesbania improving straw mulching earth's surface, after straw-returning, topsoil 5cm ~ 15cm soil rotary tillage 1 time, just can carry out wheat cultivation planting with sower;
In addition, sesbania emerges to the field management in maturing stage of bearing pods, and as irrigation, draining, disease pest and weed control etc., depending on this season reality, a situation arises, is nonessential step, and can solves by the common technology means of this area.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, in order to realize wheat that above-mentioned cultivation method cultivates and sesbania harvesting, present invention also offers the supporting cutting bench for harvesting of a kind of wheat cyanines, the cutter comprising ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 and be arranged in ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1, described ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 is provided with main drive wheel 3.
The leading section of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 is fixedly installed nearside divider 4, the inside of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 is provided with auger 5, the side of spiral propeller 5 is provided with screw driver driving wheel 6, the top of described ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 arranges dialing-grain unit 7, the side of dialing-grain unit 7 arranges dialing-grain unit driving wheel 8, and described dialing-grain unit 7 is hingedly fixed in ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 by dialing-grain unit fixed support 9.
Described cutter draws together cutter 21 and lower cutter 22, described upper cutter 21 is arranged in the ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 of spiral propeller 5 bottom, described upper cutter 21 is connected to upper cutter driving wheel 11 by gangbar 10, and the operating frequency of upper cutter is regulated by gangbar, be connected for upper cutter 21 provides cutting power by belt between described auger driving wheel 6 with upper cutter driving wheel 11.
Described dialing-grain unit driving wheel 8 and auger driving wheel 6 are connected to main drive wheel 3 respectively by belt, and main drive wheel 3 is respectively dialing-grain unit 7 and auger 5 provides operation power.
Described lower cutter 22 is arranged on the bottom of ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1, described lower cutter 22 is hingedly fixed in ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 by cutter height regulator solution depression bar 12, described lower cutter 22 arranges cutter drive unit 221, described cutter drive unit 221 is connected to main drive wheel 3 by speed changer 13 and belt, and regulates the operating frequency of lower cutter by speed changer.
Be provided with between described dialing-grain unit fixed support 9 and ceding of Taiwan shell holder 1 and regulate the hydraulic lifting arm 14 of dialing-grain unit height for regulating the height of dialing-grain unit.
Described main drive wheel 3 is ceding of Taiwan power resources, respectively by belt be dialing-grain unit, auger, speed changer provide power.
Described upper cutter is connected to upper cutter driving wheel by gangbar, upper cutter driving wheel connects auger driving wheel by belt again, and auger driving wheel moves thus drives auger and upper cutter that the action of some row occurs under the drive of main drive wheel.
Described lower cutter is arranged on the bottom of ceding of Taiwan shell holder, and speed changer provides power for lower cutter, also can be used for the operating frequency regulating lower cutter.Described cutter height regulator solution depression bar can be used for the height regulating lower cutter.
Described upper cutter and the design structurally of lower cutter achieve controlling respectively of upper and lower two cutters, conveniently carry out different operations as required.
The supporting cutting bench for harvesting of wheat cyanines described above operationally need with combine body with the use of, its concrete course of work is as follows:
(1) harvesting wheat: during early June harvesting wheat, wheat single ear separates by nearside divider, straw shift wheel is by supreme for wheatear portion band cutter place, wheatear portion cuts by upper cutter, wheatear enters auger, threshing/piece-rate system is brought to again by the conveying plant of combine, ceding of Taiwan feed quantity 2.5kg/s ~ 3.0kg/s, upper cutter toothing 30cm ~ 40cm.Lower cutter carries out secondary cut to wheat culm, and is laid in earth's surface, and stubble height is reduced to 4cm ~ 6cm.
(2) sesbania results: during early October sesbania results, nearside divider along 75cm ~ 80cm wide be about to sesbania individual plant separately, straw shift wheel is by supreme for sesbania pods band cutter place, the portion of bearing pods cuts by upper cutter, fruit pod enters auger, threshing/piece-rate system is brought to again by the conveying plant of combine, ceding of Taiwan feed quantity 1.5kg/s ~ 2.5kg/s, upper cutter toothing 40cm ~ 70cm.Lower cutter carries out secondary cut to sesbania stem stalk, and is laid in earth's surface, and stubble height is reduced to 4cm ~ 6cm.
In order to verify concrete effect of the present invention, carry out the following two kinds test respectively:
In concrete process of the test, what wheat breed was selected is Jimai 22, sesbania variety adoption be the early-set Line of 20076B068(Shandong Province Germplasm Resources of Farm Crop seed selection), wheat and sesbania sower are agriculture heartily 2BXF-16 type disc type precision seeder, rotovator and straw cutting apparatus are respectively agriculture heartily 1GQN-300 type and 1JHY-172 type, and harvest machinery is that John deer 3080A type combine is joined in the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention.Fertilizer used is diammonium phosphate (13-44-0, Lu-Bei Enterprise Clique parent company of Shandong Province produces).And according to the determination of moisture of GB/T3543.6(crop seeds inspection procedure) measure Sesbania seed water content.
(1) embodiment 1:
It is Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province that experimental culture place 1 is selected, and the type in soil is high-yield field, non-saline land.Its concrete process of the test is as follows:
Carry out sowing planting on October 12nd, 2011 and on October 16th, 2012 to wheat, on June 3rd, 2012 and on June 8th, 2013 use the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention to gather in the crops, toothing 5cm, Wheat stalk-covering earth's surface.
Use 2BXF-16 type disc type precision seeder to carry out sesbania sowing and fertilising, narrow row line-spacing 45cm on June 4th, 2012 and on June 8th, 2013, wide every trade is apart from 75cm, seed level 3cm, sowing quantity 4.5kg/hm2, and diammonium phosphate 184kg/hm2 executed by base, degree of depth 8cm.On October 13rd, 2012 and on October 12nd, 2013 use the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention to carry out grain harvest operation.Seed airing is to water content 12.5%, and warehouse-in is preserved.
After sesbania results, toothing 5cm, sesbania improving straw mulching earth's surface, on October 16th, 2012 and on October 15th, 2013 carry out straw-returning operation 1 time with 1JHY-172 type straw cutting apparatus, after topsoil 5cm ~ 15cm soil use 1GQN-300 type rotovator rotary tillage 1 time, just can carry out the planting of lower stubble wheat cultivation by 2BXF-16 type disc type precision seeder.
(2) embodiment 2:
It is Kenli County, Dongying city that experimental culture place 2 is selected, and land type is middle-and-low-yielding fields (saline lands), and its concrete process of the test is as follows:
On October 17th, 2011 and on October 19th, 2012 carry out sowing planting to wheat respectively, and on June 8th, 2012 and on June 10th, 2013 use the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention to gather in the crops, toothing 4cm, Wheat stalk-covering earth's surface.
Use 2BXF-16 type disc type precision seeder to carry out sesbania sowing and fertilising, narrow row line-spacing 40cm on June 8th, 2012 and on June 10th, 2013, wide every trade is apart from 80cm, seed level 2cm, sowing quantity 7.5kg/hm
2, diammonium phosphate 245kg/hm executed by base
2, degree of depth 8cm.On October 18th, 2012 and on October 18th, 2013 use the ceding of Taiwan of the present invention to carry out grain harvest operation.Seed airing is to water content 12.9%, and warehouse-in is preserved.
After sesbania results, toothing 4cm, sesbania improving straw mulching earth's surface, on October 19th, 2012 and on October 20th, 2013 carry out straw-returning operation 1 time with 1JHY-172 type straw cutting apparatus, after topsoil 5cm ~ 15cm soil use 1GQN-300 type rotovator rotary tillage 1 time, just can carry out the planting of lower stubble wheat cultivation by 2BXF-16 type disc type precision seeder.
In order to the result of viewing test, while carrying out above-mentioned test, also carry out comparative trial:
Comparative trial is carried out together in 2011 to 2013 with above-mentioned proving test the same period, content of the test is the several frequently seen crop genetics method of Huang-Huai-Hai, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are Wheat Maize bi-annual planting, and the wheat cultivation time is identical with embodiment 2 with embodiment 1 with technical scheme.
Comparative example 3 is cotton nonoculture.Comparative example 4 is sesbania nonoculture, and its production process is: on April 25th, 2012 and broad irrigation on May 2nd, 2013 pressure alkali, on May 10th, 2012 and on May 16th, 2013, superphosphate (0-18-0) 375kg/hm is spread fertilizer over the fields on earth's surface
2after, use 1GQN-300 type rotovator rotary tillage 2 times, use the line-spacing 33cm such as XB-12 type half-precision seeding machine to sow on May 11st, 2012 and on May 17th, 2013, the amount of broadcasting 60kg/hm
2, seed level 4cm.Spray Pu Huobai ridge, field and lead to weed killer herbicide.The Cherry 4LZ-3 type combine results of reequiping voluntarily on October 25th, 2012 and on November 2nd, 2013.
The enforcement place of comparative example 1 is positioned at Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, and land type is high-yield field, non-saline land, and the enforcement place of comparative example 2 ~ 4 is positioned at Kenli County, Dongying city, and land type is saline land middle-and-low-yielding fields.Wheat breed is Jimai 22, and corn variety is Zheng Dan 958, and cotton variety is that Shandong cotton grinds 22, and sesbania kind is ripe type landrace in being.Wheat in comparative example, corn, cotton culture are the common technology means of this area, and all non-organic fertilizer.
Effect average result is in table 1, table 2 and table 3.
Table 1. embodiment and the contrast of comparative example net earnings
Test process soil fertility condition planting patterns net earnings (unit/hm
2) difference (unit/hm
2)
Embodiment 1 high-yield field
Note: net earnings=crop yield × unit price-field expense (incidentals such as seed, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer, machinery)
From table 1, the net earnings of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is all higher than the comparative example under equal soil fertility condition, and wherein, embodiment 1 adds 62.77 yuan/hm than the net earnings of comparative example 1
2, amplification 4.49%, the net earnings of embodiment 2 adds 126.58 yuan/hm respectively than comparative example 2,3,4
2, 509.92 yuan/hm
2with 299.76 yuan/hm
2, amplification 13.18%, 88.32% and 38.06%.As can be seen here, under equal soil fertility condition, the economic benefit of wheat-sesbania planting patterns is all higher than other common planting patternss, and the economic benefit advantage of middle-and-low-yielding fields is more obvious.
Table 2. embodiment and the contrast of comparative example soil organic matter content
Note: soil organic matter content gets topsoil 20cm soil testing on October 14th, 2012 and on October 13rd, 2013.
From table 2, the soil organic matter content of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 is all higher than the comparative example under equal soil fertility condition, wherein, embodiment 1 adds 3.3g/kg than the soil organic matter content of comparative example 1, amplification 25.19%, the soil organic matter content of embodiment 2 adds 2.8g/kg, 2.9g/kg and 0.7g/kg respectively than comparative example 2,3,4, amplification 23.73%, 24.79% and 5.04%.In addition, in saline and alkaline plot, the soil organic matter content of the comparative example 4 of sesbania nonoculture adds 2.1g/kg and 2.2g/kg respectively than comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, amplification 17.80% and 18.80%.As can be seen here, sesbania nonoculture and crop rotation, all can improve the content of organic matter of soil, and the effect of increasing soil fertility of wheat-sesbania planting patterns is more obvious.
Table 3. embodiment and the contrast of comparative example total soil phosphorus
Note: total soil phosphorus gets topsoil 20cm soil testing on October 14th, 2012 and on October 13rd, 2013.
From table 3, on saline and alkaline plot, the total soil phosphorus of embodiment 2 and comparative example 4 is significantly lower than comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, and the total soil phosphorus of embodiment 2 reduces 0.08% and 0.12% respectively than comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, the range of decrease 42.11% and 52.17%.The difference of embodiment 2 and comparative example 4 is not obvious.As can be seen here, sesbania nonoculture and wheat-sesbania crop rotation, all can reduce total soil phosphorus, pressure alkali successful.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications are also regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the ripe efficient cultivation method of wheat cyanines two, comprise wheat cultivation and sesbania cultivation, wheat cultivating method is for sow planting in mid-October, and early June next year gathers in the crops; It is characterized in that, described sesbania cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) no-tillage seeding
Early June, preceding crop wheat toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, Wheat stalk-covering earth's surface, use sower to carry out sesbania no-tillage seeding, sowing adopts wide-and narrow-row drilling, narrow row line-spacing 40cm ~ 45cm, wide every trade is apart from 75cm ~ 80cm, seed level 1cm ~ 4cm, sowing quantity 4.5kg/hm
2~ 7.5kg/hm
2;
(2) single fertilization
Sesbania base manure is according to N24kg/hm
2~ 36kg/hm
2and P
2o
572kg/hm
2~ 108kg/hm
2effective dose, use chemical fertilizer of simple substance, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer; Sesbania base manure applies the below of seed when sowing with precision seeder, degree of depth 6cm ~ 10cm;
(3) grain harvest
Mid-October, 60% ~ 80% pod maturation time carry out grain harvest operation, seed airing to water content less than 13%, warehouse-in preserve;
(4) straw-returning
After sesbania results, toothing 4cm ~ 6cm, sesbania improving straw mulching earth's surface, after straw-returning, topsoil 5cm ~ 15cm soil rotary tillage 1 time, just can carry out wheat cultivation planting with sower.
2. the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, sesbania kind preferred strain shape is compact, branch is few, stem bears pods be master, plant height 1m ~ 2m, the time of infertility 100d ~ 120d mid-early maturity type sesbania kind.
3. the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the disc type precision seeder of sesbania sowing preferably with fertilizing functions carries out seeding operation.
4. the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, while carrying out sesbania seeding operation with disc type precision seeder, carry out single fertilization.
5. the ripe efficient cultivation method of a kind of wheat cyanines two as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the preferred Instant chemical fertilizer of simple substance of sesbania base manure, composite fertilizer or special fertilizer.
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| CN114145199A (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所 | Efficient sesbania-wheat crop rotation method for coastal saline-alkali soil |
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