CN1085885A - 石油烃的催化转化方法 - Google Patents

石油烃的催化转化方法 Download PDF

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CN1085885A
CN1085885A CN92111450A CN92111450A CN1085885A CN 1085885 A CN1085885 A CN 1085885A CN 92111450 A CN92111450 A CN 92111450A CN 92111450 A CN92111450 A CN 92111450A CN 1085885 A CN1085885 A CN 1085885A
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CN1031646C (zh
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霍永清
王泽育
王亚民
吕玉康
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Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing
China Petrochemical Corp
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China Petrochemical Corp
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/80Mixtures of different zeolites
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/02Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils characterised by the catalyst used
    • C10G11/04Oxides
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10GCRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G11/00Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G11/14Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts
    • C10G11/18Catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils with preheated moving solid catalysts according to the "fluidised-bed" technique
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    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
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    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/08Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y
    • B01J29/085Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the faujasite type, e.g. type X or Y containing rare earth elements, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, zinc, cadmium, mercury, gallium, indium, thallium, tin or lead
    • B01J29/088Y-type faujasite
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    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J29/00Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
    • B01J29/04Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
    • B01J29/06Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
    • B01J29/40Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11, as exemplified by patent documents US3702886, GB1334243 and US3709979, respectively

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Abstract

一种多产富含C3 、C4 的液化气和高辛烷值汽 油的烃类催化转化方法,是以不同沸程的石油馏份、 渣油或原油为原料,在提升管或流化床反应器内与含 有含稀土五元环高硅沸石、REY和高硅Y三种沸石 的固体酸催化剂接触,在480~550℃、130~350KPa 重量空速1~150时-1、剂油比4~15、蒸汽与原料烃 重量比0.05~0.12∶1的条件下进行转化反应。中 型装置上液化气产率达30~40重%,其中的C3 +C4 占67~75重%;汽油产率达40~55重%,其RON91 ~95、MON80~84、诱导期500~1100分、实际胶质 0~3。

Description

本发明属于石油烃类的催化转化方法,具体地说,是属于用石油烃类来生产高质量汽油和富含丙烯、丁烯的液化气的催化转化方法。
从石油烃类生产丙烯、丁烯和汽油通常采用催化裂化、热裂解或催化裂解的方法。
热裂解仅是以生产乙烯为主要目的,产物汽油的辛烷值较低、安定性差,且需要700℃以上的较高的反应温度以及与之适应的耐高温的反应设备材质,另外产物烯烃还需净化和深冷分离。
催化裂解所需的反应温度虽比热裂解可有较大幅度的降低,但它同样是以生产低碳烯烃为主要目的。例如DD152、356中以汽油和减压瓦斯油为原料,用无定形硅铝催化剂,在固定床或移动床反应器内制取C2~C4,反应温度为600~800℃,接触时间0.1~1.5秒,C2~C4的产率可达约50重%。JP60-222,428中以C5~C25的石蜡烃或石脑油为原料,用ZSM-5催化剂,在600~750℃,20~300时-1的液体空速下制取的C2~C4的产率可达30%左右。USP4,980,053和CN1004878B中以不同沸程的石油馏份、渣油或原油为原料,用含ZSM-5和REY沸石的催化剂或含ZSM-5和USY沸石的催化剂,在流化床或移动床反应器内制取丙烯和丁烯,反应温度为500~650℃,压力1.5~3.0×105pa,重量空速0.2~20时-1,剂油比2~12,丙烯与丁烯的总产率可达40重%左右。
常规的催化裂化虽可得到高达50重%以上的汽油,但液化气产率一般只有8~13重%,丙烯与丁烯只有不到10重%,且汽油的辛烷值不能满足调合商品汽油的要求。近十几年来不少文献报导了通过在催化裂化催化剂中添加ZSM-5助剂的方法来提高裂化汽油的辛烷值及烷基化物收率。例如USP4,368,114中以Joliet含硫重瓦斯油(馏程212~513℃)为原料,在Super D裂化催化剂(Davison公司产品,组成为17%RENaY/白土·SiO2)中加入了含25%ZSM-5沸石的添加剂,当ZSM-5占Super D的0.1~0.5重%时,在547℃、重量空速20时-1、剂油比3的条件下反应所得C+5汽油产率为47~53.7体%,RON为90.1~91.9,此时的液化气产率为30.4%~37.1体%,丙烯与丁烯的产率为15.2~19.6体%。USP4,522,705中仍以Joliet含硫重瓦斯油为原料,在HEZ-53裂化催化剂(En-gelhard公司产品,含Y型沸石)中加入了含ZSM-5沸石的添加剂,剂,当ZSM-5占HEZ-53的0.25~2.0重%时,在515℃、重量空速15.5时-1的条件下反应所得C+5汽油产率为39.5~46.6体%,RON为90.1~92.0,此时的丙烯与丁烯产率为15.1~24.2体%。USP4,818,738中同样以Joliet含硫重瓦斯油为原料,在REY裂化催化剂中加入了含25%ZSM-5沸石的添加剂,添加剂与REY裂化催化剂的重量比为1∶50,在常规的催化裂化过程操作条件下反应所得的C+5汽油产率为47.5体%,RON为90.8,此时的iC4+C3+C4产率为23.9体%。EP229,609中以204~538℃馏程的瓦斯油为原料,在Octacat裂化催化剂(40%USY为活性组分,含硅铝胶粘结剂的高岭土为基质)中加入了含ZSM-5沸石的添加剂,当ZSM-5占催化剂藏量1.25~1.5重%时,在493~498℃下反应所得的C+5汽油产率为53.1~55.4体%,RON为92.6~93.0,此时的液化气产率为19.6~21.4体%,丙烯与丁烯产率为14.8~14.9体%。
当然,在催化裂化催化剂中添加ZSM-5助剂的效果可以不仅限于提高裂化汽油的辛烷值及烷基化物收率,还可同时提高液化气中的丙烯与丁烯产率。USP3,758,403就是通过在孔径大于7A的沸石裂化催化剂中添加ZSM-5助剂的方法来达到同时提高产物汽油的辛烷值及丙烯、丁烯产率的:当REY裂化催化剂中加入5~10%的HZSM-5时,204~316℃的瓦斯油在482~486℃、液体空速4时-1,剂油比1.5的条件下反应所得的C+5汽油与烷基化物的RON+3为97.3~98.6,丙烯与丁烯的产率为19.8~24.7体%,此时的C+5汽油产率为46.4~55.3体%。
在上述现有技术的基础上,本发明的目的是提供一种使用含有三种沸石的催化剂,将不同沸程的石油馏份、渣油或原油催化转化成较高产率的富含丙烯、丁烯的液化气和高质量的C+5汽油的方法。
本发明内容如下。
(1)本发明使用的催化剂
本发明中使用的催化剂即在申请号为92111446.X、发明名称为“制取高质量汽油、C3、C4的烃转化催化剂”的申请中所披露的催化剂。该催化剂是以占催化剂重量10~40%的ZRP沸石、REY和高硅Y三种沸石为活性组分,辅以余量的全合成载体或含有10~40重%(以催化剂重量计)硅和/或铝粘结剂的半合成载体而构成。活性组分中ZRP沸石占3~50重%,REY和高硅Y各占12~75重%。
所说的ZRP沸石是按中国专利申请CN1058382A中所披露的方法制得的含稀土五元环高硅沸石,其无水化学组成(以氧化物摩尔比计)表达式为:0.01~0.30RE2O3·0.4~1.0Na2O·Al2O3·20~60SiO2,它具有表1所列出的X衍射花样,它对正己烷与环己烷的吸附量比值为HZSM-5沸石的2~4倍,因此它具有较ZSM-5沸石为窄的孔径。其组成中的稀土来自合成时所使用的含稀土的八面沸石晶种。在本发明中使用该沸石时最好采用H型。本发明中使用的该沸石的晶粒大小为2~3微米。
所说REY沸石为NaY经稀土交换后、经或不经焙烧得到的稀土含量(以RE2O3计)5~19重%的沸石。其晶粒大小应为0.5~10微米,最好0.8~2微米。
所说高硅Y沸石为用各种化学和/或物理方法,如水热法、酸处理法、抽铝补硅法、SiCl4法等处理得的稳定化了的Y型沸石。其Na2O含量应<4重%,最好<1重%;其单晶胞尺寸应<2.45纳米;其硅铝比(SiO2/Al2O3)应为8~15或更高;其晶粒大小应为0.5~10微米,最好0.8~2微米。
所说全合成载体为用共胶法或分步沉淀法制成的、SiO2含量不大于70重%的无定形硅铝、硅镁等。为调整催化剂的堆比,也可在全合成载体中加入适量的粘土来增重。
表1
ZRP  H-ZRP
d(A)  100I/I0  d(A)  100I/I0
11.17  40  11.18  37
10.01  35  10.01  40
9.76  12  9.75  10
7.45  4  7.44  3
7.08  1.5  7.09  1.5
6.71  6  6.72  3.5
6.37  8  6.37  7
6.01  11  6.00  11
5.72  10  5.71  8
5.58  10  5.58  9
5.37  3  5.38  2
5.15  3  5.14  3
5.04  5  5.05  5
4.985  8  4.983  8
4.621  6  4.620  6
4.366  10  4.369  7
4.267  13  4.265  12
4.090  5  4.085  2
4.010  9  4.010  7
3.861  100  3.856  100
3.819  74  3.817  72
3.755  41  3.752  36
3.720  49  3.719  39
3.650  28  3.652  26
3.591  7  3.593  4
3.481  9  3.479  6
3.447  13  3.447  11
所说半合成载体为高岭土、多水高岭土等裂化催化剂常用做基质的粘土和选自Al2O3、SiO2、SiO2·Al2O3的粘结剂组成。
(2)本发明适用的烃原料
本发明中所用的烃类原料可以是不同沸程的石油馏份、渣油或原油。具体地说,它们是:一次加工馏份油,包括汽油、柴油、减压蜡油、渣油等;两种或两种以上的上述一次加工馏份油的任意比例的混合物;掺有部分、最好是30重%以下的焦化蜡油、脱沥青油或其它二次加工馏份油的一次加工馏份油或其混合物;原油。
因为本发明使用的催化剂对金属镍的容量较高,因此本发明中所用的烃类原料可为金属镍含量较高(达15ppm)的渣油及掺有二次加工馏份油的重质油。
(3)本发明提供的工艺方法及操作条件
本发明提供的方法是:预热后的烃类原料在提升管或流化床反应器内与含有ZRP、REY和高硅Y三种沸石的固体酸催化剂接触,在下列条件下进行催化剂转化反应:反应温度480-550℃,最好500~535℃;反应压力130~350KPa,最好130~250KPa;重量空速1~150时-1,最好3~80时-1;剂油比4~15,最好5~10。为保证原料雾化效果,进料中宜注入水蒸汽或其它气体,水蒸汽与原料烃的重量比应为0.05~0.12∶1。反应产物与反应后的待生剂旋风分离后,待生剂先经汽提段汽提出它吸附的烃,然后进入再生器在580~730℃,最好650~700℃下与空气接触烧焦再生,再生后的热再生剂再返回反应器与烃原料接触反复使用。反应产物通过分馏及吸收稳定系统分出H2~C2气体、液化气、汽油、柴油和重油。所得重油或柴油加重油可返回反应器再转化。
本工艺过程中平衡剂上的重金属可高达2万甚至2万以上镍当量。
上述工艺条件是在一般情况下使用的,它不是绝对不可变的。根据所用原料的不同种类、所希求目的产物的不同分布,它可加以调变。
本发明提供的方法在一个特定设计的、形式和催化裂化装置相似的装置上实施,也可在现有的催化裂化装置上(或做些必要的改动,如扩大液化气分离、冷凝、压缩等设备的规模)实施。
采用本发明提供的方法既可得到较高产率的富含丙烯、丁烯的液化气,又可同时得到较高产率的抗爆性能和安定性能好的汽油以及与常规催化裂化所得性质相近的柴油。在中型提升管装置上C3~C4液化气的产率(占原料,下同)达30~40重%,其中的丙烯和丁烯占67~75%,即丙烯加丁烯的产率达20~30重%;C+5汽油的产率达40~55重%,其RON(净)达91~95,MON(净)达80~84,诱导期达500~1100分,实际胶质0~3;液化气与总液体油品收率可达90重%;液化气与H2~C2气体产率重量比达8~14∶1。
下面的实例将对本发明提供的催化转化工艺予以进一步的说明。
实例中使用的各烃原料主要性能见表2。
实例中使用的催化剂A制备如下:
将1200克铝溶胶(齐鲁石化公司催化剂厂工业产品,含Al2O320重%)与950克多水高岭土(苏州瓷土公司工业产品,固含量80重%)混合均匀即为载体浆液。分别取71克H-ZRP沸石(按照CN1058382A实例1制得,其硅铝比为31.2,再按CN1058382A实例10将其转为氢型。其晶粒大小为2~3微米)、214克REY和143克DASY沸石(均为齐鲁石化公司催化剂厂工业产品,DASY系用水热法脱铝制成的硅铝比8~9的高硅Y型沸石)加入514克净水中,打浆均质后与上述载体浆液混合,均质后喷雾干燥成型,洗涤,干燥。
Figure 921114508_IMG1
实例1
本发明提供的方法适用于不同原料的蜡油及其与二次加工馏份油的混合物。
在小型固定流化床试验装置上,使用催化剂A,在515℃、压力130KPa、重量空速14时-1、剂油比8、蒸汽与原料烃重量比为0.07∶1的条件下进行不同原料烃的催化转化,结果列于表3。
表3
原  料 石蜡基蜡  油 中间基蜡  油 中  间芳香基蜡  油 石蜡基蜡油-焦化蜡油
产物产率,重%H~ C2液化气C3 =C= 4C+ 5205~330℃〉330℃焦  炭 2.4532.4310.307.8746.999.164.625.35 2.6522.827.155.5548.4313.347.415.35 2.7622.506.555.1946.6814.746.986.34 2.8629.058.027.1242.8910.855.938.42
转化率,重% 86.22 79.25 78.28 83.22
实例2
本发明提供的方法适用于各种不同的馏份油及原油。
在小型固定流化床试验装置上,使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,在与实例1相同的反应条件下进行不同原料烃的催化转化,结果列于表4。表4中所列直馏汽油系低于200℃馏份,直馏柴油系200~330℃馏份。
催化剂镍污染方法如下:按照50公斤催化剂使用2.564公斤环烷酸镍(镍含量7.8%)的用量,将2.564公斤环烷酸镍溶于50立升柴油中,将此柴油用24小时的时间均匀进量地泵入进料系统进而与50公斤催化剂接触进行镍污染,再用不含环烷酸镍的原料油按前述操作条件与催化剂接触24小时,即得镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂。
实例3
本发明提供的方法适用于加工重金属镍含量高的原料烃。
在中型提升管装置上,以含镍量分别为3.3ppm的石蜡基蜡油-18.1%减压渣油和11.3ppm的石蜡基常压渣油为原料,分别使用未污染和污染3600ppm镍的催化剂A,在压力199KPa、剂油比8的条件下进行催化转化,结果列于表5。
表5
原  料  烃 蜡油-减渣 蜡油-减渣 常压渣油
催化剂A上镍,ppm反应温度,℃重量空速,时-1蒸汽/原料(重量比) 0515730.101 3600514740.099 3600515740.100
产物产率,重%H2~C2液化气C= 3C= 4C+ 5汽油205 ~ 330℃〉330℃焦  炭 3.2735.6011.4113.9444.1810.550.356.05 2.8633.9111.1713.5144.5210.451.926.34 2.8631.9110.9217.9343.999.462.279.51
转化率,重% 89.10 87.63 88.27
实例4
按照本发明提供的方法,改变操作条件可调节产物分布。
在中型提升管装置上,以石蜡基蜡油掺18.1%减压渣油为原料,使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,在压力199KPa、剂油比8的条件下进行催化转化,结果列于表6。
Figure 921114508_IMG3
实例5
本发明提供的方法适用于不同的进料方式。
在中型提升管装置上,以石蜡基蜡油掺18.1%减压渣油为原料,使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,在515℃、力199KPa、剂油比8的条件下进行催化转化,结果列于表7。
Figure 921114508_IMG4
实例6
用本发明提供的方法既可得到较高产率的液化气,又可同时得到较高产率的抗爆性能和安定性好的汽油。
在中型提升管装置以及在小型固定流化床试验装置上,使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,剂油比8,用不同的原料,在不同的反应温度下,以不同的进料方式进行催化转化反应,所得结果列于表8。
实例7
用本发明提供的方法所得液化气中富含丙烯、正丁烯和异丁烯。
在中型提升管装置上,以石蜡基蜡油掺18.1%减压渣油为原料,使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,在压力199KPa、剂油比8的条件下进行催化转化,结果列于表9。
Figure 921114508_IMG6
实例8
用本发明提供的方法所得产物中干气产率低。
在中型提升管装置上使用镍污染量为3600ppm的催化剂A,以石蜡基蜡油掺18.1%减压渣油为原料,在压力199KPa、剂油比8、不同反应温度下以不同的进料方式进行催化转化,所得结果列于表10。
Figure 921114508_IMG7
实例9
本发明提供的方法较常规添加助剂的催化裂化方法有更低的干气和焦炭产率,以及更高的液化气、丙烯、丁烯产率和更好的汽油性能。
在中型提升管装置上分别用催化剂A和加有助剂B的常规裂化催化剂LWC-33对石蜡基常压渣油进行催化转化。催化剂A中的ZRP沸石与LWC-33+B中的ZSM-5沸石藏量相同。反应结果列于表11。
助剂B是用HZSM-5沸石、拟薄水铝石和多水高岭土按照通常半合成裂化催化剂的制备方法经打浆、混合、均质、喷雾干燥等程序制得的,其组成为:20%HZSM5/15%Al2O3·65%高岭土。
LWC-33系兰州炼油厂生产的REY型常规裂化催化剂商品。
表11
催  化  剂 A LWC33+B
反应温度,℃产物产率,重%H2 ~ C2液化气C= 3C=4C+ 5汽油205 ~ 330℃〉330℃焦  炭损  失转化率,重%汽油RON(净)MON(净)诱导期,分 5002.7730.529.8011.8545.0513.14/8.521.0086.8692.881.5825 5003.0020.406.918.4247.4018.30/10.90/81.70/77.6485 5203.6121.497.119.6148.0016.80/10.10/83.20/79.3421

Claims (10)

1、一种生产富含C= 3、C= 4的液化气和高辛烷值汽油的烃类催化转化方法,其特征在于预热后的烃类原料在提升管或流化床反应器内与含有含稀土五元环高硅沸石、REY和高硅Y三种沸石的固体酸催化剂接触,在480~550℃、130~350KPa、重量空速1~150时-1、剂油比4~15、蒸汽与原料烃重量比0.05~0.12∶1的条件下进行转化反应,反应后的待生剂经汽提进入再生器与空气接触再生,再生剂返回反应器循环使用。
2、按照权利要求1的转化方法,其特征在于所说的反应条件为500~535℃、130~250KPa、重量空速3~80时-1、剂油比5~10。
3、按照权利要求1或2的转化方法,其特征在于所说的固体酸催化剂是以占催化剂重量10~40%的含稀土五元环高硅沸石、REY和高硅Y三种沸石为活性组分,辅以余量的全合成载体或含有硅和/或铝粘结剂的半合成载体而构成。
4、按照权利要求1,2,3之一的转化方法,其特征在于所说的含稀土五元环高硅沸石(命名为ZRP)的无水化学组成式(以氧化物摩尔比计)为:0.01~0.30RE2O3·0.4~1.0Na2O·Al2O3·20~60SiO2,它具有表1所列出的X衍射花样,它对正己烷与环己烷的吸附量比值为ZSM-5沸石的2~4倍,其组成中的稀土来自合成时所使用的含稀土的八面沸石晶种。
5、按照权利要求1,2,3之一的转化方法,其特征在于所说的含稀土五元环高硅沸石为H型。
6、按照权利要求1或2的转化方法,其特征在于所说烃类原料选自一次加工馏份油:汽油、柴油、减压蜡油、渣油;两种或两种以上的上述一次加工馏份油的任意比例的混合物;掺有部分焦化蜡油、脱沥青油或其它二次加工馏份油的一次加工馏份油或其混合物;原油。
7、按照权利要求6的转化方法,其特征在于所说的焦化蜡油、脱沥青油及其它二次加工馏份油的掺入量不超过30重%。
8、按照权利要求6的转化方法,其特征在于所说的烃类原料为重金属镍含量高的重质烃类。
9、按照权利要求1或2的转化方法,其特征在于该过程中平衡剂上的重金属可达2万甚至2万以上镍当量。
10、按照权利要求1或2的转化方法,其特征在于转化反应产物中的重油或柴油加重油可返回反应器再转化。
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NL9300448A NL193835C (nl) 1992-10-22 1993-03-12 Werkwijze voor de bereiding van LPG dat rijk aan propeen en butenen is, en benzine met een hoog octaangehalte.

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