CN108558372A - 一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，其中膏体包括膏体粉体50％～60％、引发剂0.5％～2％、分散剂1％～6％，其余为光敏树脂。本发明提供的膏体具有固化收缩小、固化速度快、固化程度高、收缩小的特点，缩短了制品的3D打印成型的时间。使用刮刀抹平膏体，并且刮刀每次上升的高度固定，可以保证制品的每一层的精度，从而保证整个制品的精度。本发明提供的膏体的3D打印成型工艺采用本发明提供的膏体，使得制品具有成本低、效率高、精度高的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于零件增材技术领域，尤其涉及一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法。
背景技术
陶瓷材料具有优良高温性能、高强度、高硬度、低密度、好的化学稳定性，使用其在航天航空、汽车、生物等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。但是复杂结构陶瓷零件的成型工艺和高昂的制造成本制约着陶瓷材料的进一步应用。所以需寻找一种低成本、高效率、高精度复杂结构陶瓷零件制造技术。
目前膏体材料的成型方法都是挤压式成型，实现精度较差，层间应力较大，陶瓷烧结后易出现裂纹。专利CN106363778B公开了一种陶瓷膏体材料低温挤压自由成形装置，该装置利用挤压装置直接将陶瓷膏体挤压到运动着的工作台上，膏体在低温环境中快速堆积成型，成型结束后经烘干、烧结得到需要的陶瓷零件。但是该方法精度较差，不能实现复杂结构的高精度成型。
因此，需要提供一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法来解决现有技术的不足。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法。
一种膏体，原材料组成包括：
膏体粉体50％～60％、引发剂0.5％～2％、分散剂1％～6％，其余为光敏树脂。
进一步的，所述膏体粉体的粒径为20nm～20um。
进一步的，所述膏体粉体包括氧化铝、偏钛酸镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氮化铝、硫化镉或钛酸铝中的一种。
进一步的，所述引发剂包括过氧化苯甲酰、异丙苯过氧化氢、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯或过氧化甲乙酮中的至少一种。
进一步的，所述分散剂包括聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸铵、甲基纤维素或甲基丙烯酸铵中的至少一种。
一种膏体的制备方法，用于制备膏体，包括：
将权利要求1-5任一所述的膏体原材料进行混合；
将混合后的材料加入到球磨机中；
在球磨机中以150转/分钟～350转/分钟的速度球磨2小时～10小时，制备成膏体。
一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，包括：
建立产品的三维模型；
采用切片软件对所述三维模型进行切片处理，得到多个模型切片；
根据所述切片的二维信息获取切片的扫描路径；
选择最底层的切片，利用刮刀将权利要求1-6任一所述的膏体铺设在三维打印机基板上；
移动所述打印机基板使得膏体按照切片的扫描路径进行固化；
刮刀上升，上升的高度为所述切片的厚度；
选择与前一层切片相邻的另一层未打印切片，根据获取的所选择的切片的扫描路径在前一层固化后的膏体上重复铺设、固化，直至所有切片固化完成，制得成型的坯体。
进一步的，所述切片的厚度为5um～100um。
进一步的，打印完成后，从膏体中取出三维打印坯体，除去过量未固化的膏体，并进行超声清洗，得到成型的坯体。
进一步的，所述固化方式包括激光固化或紫外光固化。
本发明的技术方案与现有技术相比具有如下优点：
本发明提供的膏体具有固化收缩小、固化速度快、固化程度高、收缩小的特点，缩短了制品的成型的时间。
本发明提供的技术方案采用粒径为20nm～20um的粉体，使得膏体可以形成复杂结构的高精度制品。
本发明提供的技术方案使用刮刀抹平膏体，并且刮刀每次上升的高度固定，可以保证制品每一层的精度，从而保证整个制品的精度。
本发明提供的膏体的成型工艺采用本发明提供的膏体，使得制品具有成本低、效率高、精度高的优点。
附图说明
图1是本发明膏体的3D打印成型工艺流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1、
如图1所示，本发明实施例提供了一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，包括如下步骤：
建立产品的三维模型；
采用切片软件对所述三维模型进行切片处理，得到多个模型切片；
根据所述切片的二维信息获取切片的扫描路径；
选择最底层的切片，利用刮刀将权利要求1-6任一所述的膏体铺设在三维打印机基板上；
移动所述打印机基板使得膏体按照切片的扫描路径进行固化；
刮刀上升，上升的高度为所述切片的厚度；
选择与前一层切片相邻的另一层未打印切片，根据获取的所选择的切片的扫描路径在前一层固化后的膏体上重复铺设、固化，直至所有切片固化完成，制得成型的坯体。
其中，切片软件包括Cura、EasyPrint 3D和Slic3r；
优选的，Cura可以兼容大部分3D打印机，并且其代码完全开源，可以通过插件进行扩展，在使用时非常方便，在一般模式下，可以快速进行打印，也可以选择“专家”模式，从而进行更精确的3D打印。其次，该软件通过USB连接电脑端后，可以直接控制3D打印机。
优选的，EasyPrint 3D可以通过USB连接3D打印机，从而控制其进行特点的运行，而且该软件十分适合初学者使用，操作简单。
优选的，Slic3r可以在内部填充中采用蜂窝式填充，从而达到更加结实的强度，也可以与Octoprint直接集成，当文件在桌面时，可以直接将其上传到“打印”框，操作简单。
优选的，固化方式包括激光固化或紫外光固化，具有无污染、节能等特性。
优选的，切片的厚度为5um～100um，使得制品的固化速度快、固化程度高。
优选的，刮刀上升的高度为所述切片的厚度，使得制品的精度更高。
实施例2、
本发明提供了一种膏体，所述膏体适用于膏体的快速成型工艺，其原材料组成包括：
膏体粉体50％～60％、引发剂0.5％～2％、分散剂1％～6％，其余为光敏树脂。
优选的，所述膏体为陶瓷膏体。
优选的，膏体粉体的粒径为20nm～20um。
其中，膏体粉体包括氧化铝、偏钛酸镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氮化铝、硫化镉或钛酸铝中的一种；
优选的，氧化铝具有高强度、高硬度、高韧性、高耐热性、高绝缘性、透光性和生物惰性的特点，适用于集成电路基片、耐火材料、激光元件、人工关节等；
优选的，偏钛酸镁具有介电性，适用于陶瓷电容器、微波陶瓷等；
优选的，氧化锌具有传感型，适用于气体传感器、氧探头、气体报警器、压力传感器等；
优选的，氧化锆具有离子导电性和耐热性，适用于钠硫电池固体电解质、氧传感器、耐火材料等；
优选的，氮化铝具有导热性、高绝缘性，适用于基板材料、装置瓷、真空瓷、高频绝缘瓷等；
优选的，硫化镉具有传感性，适用于光敏电阻、光传感器、红外光敏元件等；
优选的，钛酸铝具有催化载体性，适用于汽车尾气净化器用催化载体、热交换器等。
其中，引发剂包括过氧化苯甲酰、异丙苯过氧化氢、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯或过氧化甲乙酮中的至少一种。
其中，分散剂包括聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸铵、甲基纤维素或甲基丙烯酸铵中的至少一种。
实施例3、
一种膏体的制备方法，用于制备膏体，包括：
将膏体原材料进行混合；
将混合后的材料加入到球磨机中；
在球磨机中以150转/分钟～350转/分钟的速度球磨2小时～10小时，制备成膏体。
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种膏体，其特征在于，原材料组成包括：
膏体粉体50％～60％、引发剂0.5％～2％、分散剂1％～6％，其余为光敏树脂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏体，其特征在于，所述膏体粉体的粒径为20nm～20um。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏体，其特征在于，所述膏体粉体包括氧化铝、偏钛酸镁、氧化锌、氧化锆、氮化铝、硫化镉或钛酸铝中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏体，其特征在于，所述引发剂包括过氧化苯甲酰、异丙苯过氧化氢、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯或过氧化甲乙酮中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种膏体，其特征在于，所述分散剂包括聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸铵、甲基纤维素或甲基丙烯酸铵中的至少一种。
6.一种膏体的制备方法，用于制备膏体，其特征在于，包括：
将权利要求1-5任一所述的膏体原材料进行混合；
将混合后的材料加入到球磨机中；
在球磨机中以150转/分钟～350转/分钟的速度球磨2小时～10小时，制备成膏体。
7.一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，其特征在于，包括：
建立产品的三维模型；
采用切片软件对所述三维模型进行切片处理，得到多个模型切片；
根据所述切片的二维信息获取切片的扫描路径；
选择最底层的切片，利用刮刀将权利要求1-6任一所述的膏体铺设在三维打印机基板上；
移动所述打印机基板使得膏体按照切片的扫描路径进行固化；
刮刀上升，上升的高度为所述切片的厚度；
选择与前一层切片相邻的另一层未打印切片，根据获取的所选择的切片的扫描路径在前一层固化后的膏体上重复铺设、固化，直至所有切片固化完成，制得成型的坯体。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，其特征在于，所述切片的厚度为5um～100um。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，其特征在于，打印完成后，从膏体中取出三维打印坯体，除去过量未固化的膏体，并进行超声清洗，得到成型的坯体。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种膏体的快速成型工艺方法，其特征在于，所述固化方式包括激光固化或紫外光固化。
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