CN108522656A - 真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的加工方法 - Google Patents
真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的加工方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,混合鲜牛奶和醪糟,煮开,得混合奶;加入鸡蛋蛋液,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;加入花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;真空冷冻干燥鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;加入膨化大米粉和抗凝剂,得待包装半成品;充气装袋,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。该牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料,运用真空冻干脱去水分,使芳香、热敏性、易氧化物质的损失减少到最低限度,最大限度地保存了牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的色、香、味,天然色素、营养成分不被破坏,而且方便携带、运输,储存,复水性好,食用方便,还可以根据个体差异自己调整“分量”,避免浪费。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品技术领域,涉及一种真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的加工方法。
背景技术
牛奶鸡蛋醪糟是西北地区兰州特色小吃之一,曾上过节目“舌尖上的中国”,吃起来蛋花柔软, 滑嫩爽口,香甜略酸,真是色香味俱全。是金城兰州比较流行的美食,最先食用牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的是甘肃临夏人,后传入兰州。
牛奶鸡蛋醪糟具有如下特点:
1、营养丰富,容易消化吸收、有助消化及增进食欲的功能;中医认为牛奶属阴寒之品,佐以酒酿醪糟可去其寒性,是最“接近完美的食品”。
2、提神解乏, 解渴消暑,促进血液循环、舒筋活络、强壮体魄,也是中老年人、孕产妇和身体虚弱者补气养血之佳品。
3、美容养颜,富含蛋白质、矿物质等,特别是含有较多维生素B族,它能滋润肌肤,保护表皮、防皱使皮肤光滑柔软白嫩,使头发乌黑减少脱落,从而起到护肤美容作用。
4、有奶制品含有高脂肪和热量,所以许多人为了减肥而不吃奶制品。然而美国田纳西州大学的研究显示,牛奶鸡蛋醪糟中含有丰富的钙元素,对人体内的脂肪降解非常重要。
但目前市售牛奶鸡蛋醪糟均以实体店、开摊设点的形式,购买、携带均不方便,每份量固定、不利于产品推广、存在浪费的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种采用真空冷冻干燥工艺将兰州特色小吃牛奶鸡蛋醪糟加工成固体牛奶鸡蛋醪糟饮料的方法,这么做避免了普通干燥工艺加工的弊端;配合独特的原料和食品添加剂组合方式,能生产出即冲即饮,方便食用,便于运输和携带的固体牛奶鸡蛋醪糟饮料,有利于产品推广;每份量因人而异、自由调整,避免了浪费。
为实现上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,具体按以下步骤进行:
1)混合鲜牛奶和醪糟,煮开,得混合奶;
2)混合奶中加入鸡蛋蛋液,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;
3)鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;
4)将鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ先进行冷冻,当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-30~-15℃时,在真空度为0~600pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-30~-15℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;
5)真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入膨化大米粉和抗凝剂,混匀,得待包装半成品;
6)待包装半成品充气装袋,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。本发明牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的制备过程中运用了航空食品技术(真空冻干)脱去水分,能有效的保持产品营养成分不被破坏,而且方便携带、运输、还可以根据个体差异自己调整“分量(ml/杯)”避免浪费。
附图说明
图1是本发明真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的制备工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明提供了一种真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的加工方法,其工艺流程,如图1所示,该加工方法具体按以下步骤进行:
1)按质量比1︰1~3,分别取鲜牛奶和醪糟,混合,煮开,得混合奶;
2)按250~350mL混合奶中加入一个鸡蛋蛋液的比例,将鸡蛋蛋液加入混合奶中,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;
3)按250~350mL鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入5~10g花生碎、5~10g黑芝麻、5~10g葡萄干、5~10g白糖和5~10g枸杞的比例,将花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞加入鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中,混合均匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;
4)将鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ放入容器,置于速冻库或真空冻干设备的隔板上,进入“冷冻阶段”:当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-30~-15℃时,进入“升华阶段”:开启真空泵,在真空度为0~600pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-30~-15℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;
真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品的复水溶散速度:水温90~95℃时,8~10分钟,但是真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品复水后的颜色与鲜品混合奶相比颜色发青不够白。为了缩短真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品的复水溶散时间,尽可能保持与鲜品混合奶无色泽外观差异,在真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中添加少量膨化大米粉(0.2~0.5g/10~15g)和食品添加剂,使半成品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟复水后溶散速度达到:水温85~93℃、时间3~5分钟,且与鲜品混合奶比较无色泽和外观差异。故有以下步骤:
5)按10~15g真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入0.2~0.5g膨化大米粉和0.01~0.05g食品添加剂的比例,将膨化大米粉和食品添加剂加入真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中,混匀,得待包装半成品;
食品添加剂采用高膨胀型羧甲淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钠或羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)等。
6)待包装半成品充气装袋,每袋40g,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。
制得的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的使用:每10g加沸水80mL,盖盖,泡3~5分钟,搅匀即可服用,可根据个人口味添加白糖或木糖醇。
真空冷冻干燥,也称升华干燥。其原理是将材料冷冻,使其含有的水份变成冰块,然后在真空下使冰升华而达到干燥目的。真空冷冻干燥主要优点是:
1、最大限度地保存食品的色、香、味,天然色素保持不变,各种芳香物质的损失可减少到最低限度;真空冷冻干燥对保存含蛋白质食品要比普通冷冻保存的好。
2、对热敏性物质特别适合,可以使热敏性的物料干燥后保留热敏成分;能保存食品中的各级营养成分,尤其对维生素C,能保存90%以上。
3、在真空和低温下操作,微生物的生长和酶作用受到抑制。
4、脱水彻底,干制品重量轻,体积小,贮藏时占地面积少,运输方便;各种真空冷冻干燥的蔬菜经压块,重量减轻显著。由于体积减小,相应地包装费用也少得多。
5、复水快,食用方便。因为被干燥物料含有的水分是在冻结状态下直接蒸发的,故在干燥过程中,水汽不带动可溶性物质移向物料表面,不会在物料表面沉积盐类,即在物料表面不会形成硬质薄皮,亦不存在因中心水分移向物料表面时对细胞或纤维产生的张力,不会使物料干燥后因收缩引起变形,故极易吸水恢复原状。
6、因在真空下操作,氧气极少,因此,一些易氧化的物质(如油脂类)得到保护。
7、真空冷冻干燥法能排除95%~99%以上的水分,产品能长期保存而不变质。
实施例1
按质量比1︰1,分别取鲜牛奶和醪糟,混合,煮开,得混合奶;按250mL混合奶中加入一个鸡蛋蛋液的比例,将鸡蛋蛋液加入混合奶中,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;按250mL鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入5g花生碎、5g黑芝麻、5g葡萄干、5g白糖和5g枸杞的比例,将花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞加入鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ放入容器,置于速冻库中,进入冷冻阶段:当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-15℃时,进入“升华阶段”:开启真空泵,在真空度为150~600pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-15℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;按10g真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入0.2g膨化大米粉和0.01g高膨胀型羧甲淀粉钠的比例,将膨化大米粉和高膨胀型羧甲淀粉钠加入真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中,混匀,得待包装半成品;待包装半成品充气装袋,每袋40g,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。
实施例2
按质量比1︰3,分别取鲜牛奶和醪糟,混合,煮开,得混合奶;按350mL混合奶中加入一个鸡蛋蛋液的比例,将鸡蛋蛋液加入混合奶中,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;按350mL鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入10g花生碎、10g黑芝麻、10g葡萄干、10g白糖和10g枸杞的比例,将花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞加入鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ放入容器,置于真空冻干设备的隔板上,进入冷冻阶段:当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-28℃时,进入“升华阶段”:开启真空泵,在真空度为50~150pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-28℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;按15g真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入0.5g膨化大米粉和0.05g羧甲基纤维素钠的比例,将膨化大米粉和羧甲基纤维素钠加入真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中,混匀,得待包装半成品;待包装半成品充气装袋,每袋40g,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。
实施例3
按质量比1︰2,分别取鲜牛奶和醪糟,混合,煮开,得混合奶;按300mL混合奶中加入一个鸡蛋蛋液的比例,将鸡蛋蛋液加入混合奶中,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;按300mL鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入7.5g花生碎、7.5g黑芝麻、7.5g葡萄干、7.5g白糖和7.5g枸杞的比例,将花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞加入鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ放入容器,置于速冻库中,进入冷冻阶段:当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-30℃时,进入“升华阶段”:开启真空泵,在真空度为0~50pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-30℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;按12.5g真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入0.35g膨化大米粉和0.03g羟丙基甲基纤维素的比例,将膨化大米粉和羟丙基甲基纤维素加入真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中,混匀,得待包装半成品;待包装半成品充气装袋,每袋40g,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。
实施例1、实施例2和实施例3中制得的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ和最后得到的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料中的含水量和蛋白质含量对比,如表1所示。表1中,实施例1中制得的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ用鲜品1表示,实施例2中制得的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ用鲜品2表示,实施例3中制得的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ用鲜品3表示;实施例1中制得的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料用产品1表示,实施例2中制得的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料用产品2表示,实施例3中制得的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料用产品3表示。
表1三个实施例中制得的鲜品混合奶和半成品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的含水量和蛋白质含量
从表1可以看出,本发明加工方法通过取工艺参数的上限值、中间值、下限值分别加工产品,所得鲜品取80mL测蛋白质含量分别为1.51g/100g、1.48g/100g、1.45g/100g,且RSD≦3%(2.03)。经过核心工艺“真空冷冻干燥”,所得产品取10g测蛋白质含量分别为1.46g/100g、1.52g/100g、1.45g/100g,且RSD≦3%(2.56),说明在本发明真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料的加工方法所采用的工艺参数范围内可以持续稳定的生产出含蛋白质相对稳定的产品,且干燥前后“蛋白质”含量无明显差异,说明此加工方法确实能够完美的保持营养成分,也确实减少了产品质量,脱去水分后起到了便于携带、便于储存、便于推广,便于因人而异自由调整每份量,避免了浪费,是个方便食用的好产品。
Claims (6)
1.一种真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,该加工方法具体按以下步骤进行:
1)混合鲜牛奶和醪糟,煮开,得混合奶;
2)混合奶中加入鸡蛋蛋液,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ;
3)鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞,混匀,得鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ;
4)将鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ先进行冷冻,当鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度达到-30~-15℃时,在真空度为0~600pa、冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的温度为-30~-15℃的条件下,干燥至冻结的鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅱ的含水量低于8%,得到真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品;
5)真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入膨化大米粉和抗凝剂,混匀,得待包装半成品;
6)待包装半成品充气装袋,得真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟固体饮料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1)中,鲜牛奶和醪糟的质量比为1︰1~3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2)中,按250~350mL混合奶中加入一个鸡蛋蛋液的比例,将鸡蛋蛋液加入混合奶中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤3)中,花生碎、黑芝麻、葡萄干、白糖和枸杞的添加比例为:250~350mL鲜品牛奶鸡蛋醪糟Ⅰ中加入5~10g花生碎、5~10g黑芝麻、5~10g葡萄干、5~10g白糖和5~10g枸杞。
5.根据权利要求1所述的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,所述步骤5)中,10~15g真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟半成品中加入0.2~0.5g膨化大米粉和0.01~0.05g食品添加剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的真空冷冻干燥牛奶鸡蛋醪糟的加工方法,其特征在于,所述的食品添加剂采用高膨胀型羧甲淀粉钠、羧甲基纤维素钠或羟丙基甲基纤维素。
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