CN1084436C - 把燃油从油箱送到内燃机的泵装置 - Google Patents

把燃油从油箱送到内燃机的泵装置 Download PDF

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CN1084436C
CN1084436C CN97126442A CN97126442A CN1084436C CN 1084436 C CN1084436 C CN 1084436C CN 97126442 A CN97126442 A CN 97126442A CN 97126442 A CN97126442 A CN 97126442A CN 1084436 C CN1084436 C CN 1084436C
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valve
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inner chamber
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CN1186157A (zh
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马里奥·里科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003—Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/043—Arrangements for driving reciprocating piston-type pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/06—Feeding by means of driven pumps mechanically driven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/04—Feeding by means of driven pumps
    • F02M37/18—Feeding by means of driven pumps characterised by provision of main and auxiliary pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M39/00—Arrangements of fuel-injection apparatus with respect to engines; Pump drives adapted to such arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0205—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively for cutting-out pumps or injectors in case of abnormal operation of the engine or the injection apparatus, e.g. over-speed, break-down of fuel pumps or injectors ; for cutting-out pumps for stopping the engine

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本装置包括一高压泵(15)、一低压泵(10)和在两泵(10，15)之间的双位阀(71)。低压泵(10)通过连接到柴油机轴上的传动装置(75)以机械方式驱动，双位阀(71)的大小如此取值以致在起动过程中可被快速地驱动，为了按照双位阀(71)的驱动来安排剩余的燃油，双位阀(71)开了附加开口(77)，该开口用来把燃油排出到内腔(23)中。万一发生故障，在低压泵(10)和双位阀(71)之间的电磁阀(79)自动地被驱动从而切断向双位阀(71)的供油。

Description

把燃油从油箱送到内燃机的泵装置
本发明涉及一种把油箱的燃油送到内燃机的完美泵装置，包括一高压泵和一沿上游连接到高压泵的低压泵。
上述那种泵装置被描述于例如由本申请的申请人于1995年1月10日提出的申请号为T095A000010的意大利专利申请中，并用作也有一双位阀的燃油喷射系统的一部分，当空转时，该阀把两泵断开，该阀由低压泵的燃油压力打开以给发动机供油，该阀也可设置用于把剩余燃油送到高压泵内腔来用于润滑和冷却目的。
在周知的装置中，高压泵是柱塞式并由驱动轴驱动；低压泵由一电动机所驱动；双位阀的尺寸如此确定以便自启动阶段向高压泵和内腔提供所需的燃油量。然而，驱动低压泵的电动机的操作一般是不可靠的，而且，正是在起动阶段会在电池上施加一附加载荷。
用由驱动轴驱动的低压泵来取代电动低压泵迄今为止是难以行得通的，因为在起动阶段的低发动机转速下，低压泵不能提供足够的燃油来打开双位阀。另一方面，通过确定双位阀的尺寸使它在供油量低的条件下也可开启会导致低压泵在稳态下较高的供油，从而增加了低压回路中的燃油压力，因此在两泵之间需要一压力调节器。
本发明的一个目的是提供一个非常简单可靠的燃油泵装置，以克服与双位阀相关联的上述缺陷。
根据本发明，提供了一种用来把燃油从油箱供至一内燃机中的泵装置，该装置包括一低压泵；一高压泵，该高压泵具有形成有一内腔的壳体，以及至少一个由装在所述内腔内的一偏心零件所驱动的柱塞；一双位阀，该阀装在所述低压泵和所述高压泵之间的连通回路中；所述双位阀包括一与所述内腔连通的开口，以及可沿一阀座的侧壁移动的零件，该零件由来自所述低压泵的燃油所驱动以打开所述连通回路中的进油通道，所述进油通道通过所述侧壁露出并适于把剩余燃油送到所述内腔；所述低压泵由连接到所述发动机的轴上的装置以机械方式驱动；所述零件包括一进油节流口，所述零件和所述节流口的尺寸如此确定以便即使在所述发动机的低起动速度下也允许所述零件被快速驱动，所述零件也用于打开与所述内腔连通的一附加开口。
下面参照附图描述本发明的优选的并不带限制性的实施例，其中：
图1是本发明把燃油送至内燃机的泵装置的局部示意的局部半剖视图。
附图中的标号10表示一低压燃油泵，该泵可包括一旋转机械，如齿轮泵，该泵由油管11连到如带内燃机尤其是柴油机的机动车的常规燃油箱12上。
泵10用作沿油管13从油箱12抽吸和供给燃油并通过附件14送到高压径向活塞式泵15中。更准确地说，泵15包括三个油缸21，这三油缸以它们各自轴线22间隔相同的角度120度安装在壳体20内，并且在中心，壳体20包括一被法兰盘24封闭的杯形内腔23。
泵15包括一驱动轴28，该驱动轴在法兰盘24上的孔25内和在壳体20上的闭口孔27内旋转，该驱动轴用来驱动泵15，而本身通过没有表示出来的传动装置由柴油机的驱动轴驱动。轴28包括装在腔23中的偏心部分35，并以旋转方式与一个用来控制泵15的并包括一环39的控制零件配合。偏心部分35的轴线36偏离轴28的轴线37的距离为E。
圆环39的外表面包括三个与油缸21相联系的并与油缸21的相应轴线22垂直的平面部分40(仅仅显示一个)。每个油缸21包括与相应的轴线22同轴的圆柱孔41，一柱塞42在该圆柱孔内滑动并从油缸21向着轴线37方向伸出；每个柱塞42的伸出部与垫块43相配合，该垫块通过弹簧44保持与相应的平面部分40相贴。
当轴28旋转时，圆环39借助于垫块43来保持它的定位，同时圆环39的轴线36绕着轴28的轴线37旋转，以致各平面部分40平行于自身沿着一圆形轨迹运动，并与弹簧44一起推动柱塞42在孔41前后运动。
在孔41内，对着圆环39的每个柱塞42的表面限定出一压缩室45，该压缩室的体积随着柱塞42的移动而变化，每个油缸21包括一个单向进油阀(nonreturn intake valve)50和一个单向出油阀51，这两阀安置在板52内，该板封闭相应的油缸21并通过相应的盖53配装于壳体20。当柱塞42径向向里移动时，压缩室45的体积提高并通过进油阀50吸进燃油，当柱塞42径向向外移动时，室45体积减少从而压缩并迫使压力燃油通过出油阀51流出室45。
沿着在相应的盖53内形成的相应轴向通道54和在邻近法兰盘24的壳体20内形成的相应的径向通道55向每个进油阀50提供燃油；三个通道55与在法兰盘24形成的环形槽56相连通，该环形槽又与在壳体20内形成且与附件14连通的进油道57连通。三个出油阀51中的任何一个都沿着在相应盖53内形成的相应轴向通道59和在壳体20内形成的相应的径向通道60与轴向空腔61相通。空腔61从压力调节器(未表示)的旁通阀沿下游通过一附件64连接到把燃油排入油箱12中的泄油管65上。
双位阀71装在低压泵10和高压泵15之间，该阀包括与泵15的壳体20相结合的壳体。为了这个目的，壳体20包括一个相对轴线37径向取向的且与内腔23相连通的圆柱形阀座58。该阀座58的外部配装有油管13的附件14，而靠近内腔23的阀座58部分装有一底部圆形盘70，该圆形盘靠在法兰盘24的台肩62上并包括一个孔74，该孔限定了用来把过剩燃油排到内腔23的第一泄油管。
阀座58包括一侧面63，通道57通过该侧面露出来，一用来控制阀71的控制零件沿着该侧面滑动，并包括一个带有校正孔76的杯形柱塞72，该孔76限定了一个燃油流入内腔23的节流口(choke)。一弱的螺旋压簧73位于板70和柱塞72之间并与孔74和76同轴心，该螺旋压簧向着附件14推压柱塞72以关闭通道57和阀71。
柱塞72由低压泵10通过油管13提供的油压推向阀71的开启方向。当燃油供给压力超过螺旋弹簧73产生的力时，柱塞72移向板70并打开通道57，该通道经过油管13供给燃油，同时通过节流口76的剩余燃油通过孔74送进内腔23来润滑装在内腔内的零件。相反地，当如由于泵10的故障或者意外事故的产生而使燃油压力降到给定值以下时，弹簧73推动柱塞72靠在附件14上来关闭通道57，并因此关闭双位阀71。
根据本发明，低压泵10由连接到机动车柴油机轴的传动装置75以机械方式驱动。为了即使在起动速度时阀71也能打开，当发动机轴以低速旋转时，柱塞72的节流口76的直径非常小，大约为0.2mm。
而且，壳体20包括一第二通道77，该通道一方面从阀座58的侧面63露出来，另一方面包括一校正节流口78，沿着节流口该第二通道77从泵15的内腔23里面露出来。通道77最好与通道57的直径相同，通道77可从阀座58里面露出来以便柱塞72同时打开和关闭该通道77与通道57，节流口78的直径可处于节流口76的三至五倍的范围内，而最好是大约0.8mm。
当在起动时柴油机轴由电池旋转时，低压泵10为传动装置75所驱动；由于节流口76的小直径，因此由泵10在起动过程中提供的少量燃油足以在附件14内产生足够的压力来克服弹簧73的弹性力，从而移动柱塞72以打开阀71，而且，即使在如此低的转速下，孔74使在内腔23内的零件也能由流过节流口76的油来润滑。
当柱塞72移动并且通道57开始把燃油送到泵15的压缩室45时，由于继起始阶段之后发动机转速的提高，通道77的节流口78便向内腔23提供由泵10提供的剩余燃油，以便在稳定的发动机转速下有效地冷却内腔23内的零件。
为了切断双位阀71的燃油供给，油管13在低压泵10和高压泵15之间安装有一通过泄油管80连接到油箱12上的电磁阀79。
万一柴油机发生故障或者其它任何事故，电磁阀79如通过一电子中心控制元件自动启动，而没有必要停泵10。更为具体地说，万一发生故障或者处于紧急情况下，电磁阀79关闭从泵10到泵15到的燃油提供，柱塞72防止内腔23的燃油提供到压缩室45中。
与周知的装置相比，本发明装置的优点从以上说明中可清楚地得到。尤其是，低压泵10可有效地被柴油机本身驱动，发动机起动阶段和稳定运转速度之间低压泵10提供的燃油量的变化而产生的问题就解决了，最后，万一发生操作事故，在不必停止低压泵10的情况下即可切断向双位阀71的燃油供应。
显然，在没有脱离本发明范围的情况下，这里所描述和解释的装置可作变化。如，装置75可由高压泵15的轴28所驱动，从而两泵10和15可以被结合到同一壳体20内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用来把燃油从油箱(12)供至一内燃机中的泵装置，该装置包括一低压泵(10)；一高压泵(15)，该高压泵具有形成有一内腔(23)的壳体(20)，以及至少一个由装在所述内腔(23)内的一偏心零件(35，39)所驱动的柱塞(42)；一双位阀(71)，该阀装在所述低压泵(10)和所述高压泵(15)之间的连通回路(13，14，54-57)中；所述双位阀(71)包括一与所述内腔(23)连通的开口(74)，以及可沿一阀座(58)的侧壁(63)移动的零件(72)，该零件(72)由来自所述低压泵(10)的燃油所驱动以打开所述连通回路(13，14，54-57)中的进油通道(57)，所述进油通道(57)通过所述侧壁(63)露出并适于把剩余燃油送到所述内腔(23)；其特征在于，所述低压泵(10)由连接到所述发动机的轴上的装置(75)以机械方式驱动；所述零件(72)包括一进油节流口(76)，所述零件(72)和所述节流口(76)的尺寸如此确定以便即使在所述发动机的低起动速度下也允许所述零件(72)被快速驱动，所述零件(72)也用于打开与所述内腔(23)连通的一附加开口(77)。
2.如权利要求1所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述高压泵(15)的所述壳体(20)也构成所述双位阀(71)的壳体；所述附加开口由所述壳体(20)内的另一通道(77)限定而成。
3.如权利要求2所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述另一通道(77)也通过所述侧壁(63)露出。
4.如权利要求3所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述通道(57，77)由所述零件(72)同时打开；所述另一通道(77)通过一第二校正节流口(78)与所述内腔(23)连通。
5.如权利要求4所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述第二节流口(78)的直径是所述进油节流口(76)的直径的3到5倍。
6.如权利要求5所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述进油节流口(76)的直径为0.2mm，所述第二节流口(78)的直径为0.8mm。
7.如上述权利要求中任一所述的泵装置，其特征在于，在所述低压泵(10)和所述双位阀(71)之间设置有一个电磁阀(79)，在所述发动机工作不正常的情况下该阀被驱动以切断燃油向双位阀(71)的供给。
8.如权利要求7所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述电磁阀(79)由一泄油管(80)连接到所述油箱(12)，以便在发生故障情况下把所述低压泵(10)的燃油排到所述油箱(12)中。
9.如权利要求1-6中任一所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述高压泵(15)是一个径向柱塞(42)式泵，所述剩余燃油润滑和冷却所述偏心零件(35，39)。
10.如权利要求9所述的泵装置，其特征在于，所述零件是一呈杯形的柱塞(72)，所述阀座(58)是圆柱形；所述阀座(58)装有一圆柱形底板(70)，该板包括所述第一开口(74)；一螺旋弹簧(73)在所述底板(70)和所述杯形柱塞(72)之间被预加载；所述第一开口(74)和所述进油节流口(76)位于所述螺旋弹簧(73)的圈内。
CN97126442A 1996-12-23 1997-12-23 把燃油从油箱送到内燃机的泵装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1084436C (zh)

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IT96TO001076A IT1289796B1 (it) 1996-12-23 1996-12-23 Perfezionamenti ad un dispositivo a pompa per l'alimentazione del carburante da un serbatoio ad un motore a combustione interna.

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RU2213879C2 (ru) 2003-10-10
KR19980064081A (ko) 1998-10-07
EP0853194B1 (en) 2002-11-20
KR100538333B1 (ko) 2006-03-03
US6129518A (en) 2000-10-10
IT1289796B1 (it) 1998-10-16
ITTO961076A1 (it) 1998-06-23
JP3992807B2 (ja) 2007-10-17
JPH10184491A (ja) 1998-07-14
DE69717244D1 (de) 2003-01-02
ES2184020T3 (es) 2003-04-01
DE69717244T2 (de) 2003-08-28
EP0853194A3 (en) 1999-03-17
CN1186157A (zh) 1998-07-01

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