CN108439984A - 一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。其技术方案是:以70~85wt%的石油焦、10~20wt%的石油焦微粉和4~12wt%的硅粉为原料,以原料10~20wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂;先将石油焦微粉和硅粉混合,得混合粉;再将石油焦混合,加入改性酚醛树脂,混碾,得混合物;向混合物中加入混合粉,混碾,冷态模压成型,固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极;高温石墨化处理的升温制度是:先以6~10℃/h的速率升温至950~1050℃:再以5~8℃/min的速率升温至1350~1450℃,保温3~6h;然后以10~15℃/h的速率升温至2450~2550℃,保温2~6h。本发明成本低和工艺简单;所制制品强度高、电阻率低和抗氧化性能优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石墨电极技术领域。具体涉及一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。
背景技术
近些年来,世界能源消费剧增,生态环境不断恶化,特别是温室气体排放导致日益严峻的全球气候变化,人类社会的可持续发展受到严重威胁。降低能源消耗、减少污染物排放、推进技术改造和产业升级成为国际社会的共识。
传统石墨电极的生产工艺流程为:原料→破粉碎→筛分→混捏→成型→焙烧→浸渍→二次焙烧→二次浸渍→三次焙烧→三次浸渍→四次焙烧→石墨化→加工→产品。由于石墨电极产品直径大,为减少气孔率和提高体积密度,往往要进行多次浸渍和焙烧工艺(一般是三浸四焙工艺)。这种传统生产工艺制备石墨电极不仅存在生产周期长(一个生产周期长达150~160天)、效率低下的问题;而且存在能耗高、环境污染等缺点。
为解决石墨电极生产周期长和能源消耗高等问题,科技工作者进行了深入的研究和技术开发:
如“一种超高功率石墨电极的生成方法”(CN100448328C)的专利技术,公开了一种以原料→粉碎→筛分→混捏→成型→焙烧→浸渍→二次焙烧→二次浸渍→三次焙烧→石墨化→机械加工→成品的工艺路线,成型时将挤压机的料缸抽真空,制备出超高功率石墨电极。这种工艺在一定程度上虽能提高产品的致密化度,缩短产品的生产周期,但其生产周期仍需要100多天,而且热混捏、热成型的复杂工序和沥青碳化存在的环境污染问题没有得到解决。
又如“一种石墨电极的新型制备工艺”(CN107311686A)的专利技术,公开了一种以天然石墨为主要原料,液体碳素树脂为结合剂,经冷等静压成型,得到的坯体进行加热固化处理,然后刷防氧化涂层,经1200℃高温裸烧得到石墨电极半成品,然后涂导电防氧化涂层,自然晾干制得石墨电极。所制备的石墨电极虽具有抗氧化性能好、电阻率低和生产周期短的特点,但其主要原料天然石墨的成本高,且天然石墨有较大的弹性后效,成型后的坯体容易出现层裂,成品率低;此外,石墨电极需要涂防氧化涂层,操作工艺复杂,冷等静压成型在一定程度上也增加了制备工艺的复杂性。
发明内容
本发明旨在克服现有技术缺陷,目的是提供一种成本低、工艺简单和生产周期短的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,用该方法制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极强度高、电阻率低和抗氧化性能优异。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:以70~85wt%的石油焦、10~20wt%的石油焦微粉和4~12wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料10~20wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂。先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极。
所述高温石墨化处理的升温制度是:先以6~10℃/h的速率升温至950~1050℃:再以5~8℃/min的速率升温至1350~1450℃,保温3~6h;然后以10~15℃/h的速率升温至2450~2550℃,保温2~6h。
所述石油焦的颗粒级配为:粒径小于等于8mm且大于5mm的占20~40wt%、粒径小于等于5mm且大于3mm的占30~50wt%、粒径小于等于3mm且大于0.1mm的占10~20wt%、粒径小于0.1mm的占20~30wt%;所述石油焦的灰分小于1wt%。
所述石油焦微粉的粒度小于0.015mm,石油焦微粉的灰分小于1wt%。
所述硅粉粒度小于0.045mm,硅粉中Si含量>98wt%。
所述改性酚醛树脂为镍改性酚醛树脂、钴改性酚醛树脂、钛改性酚醛树脂和铁改性酚醛树脂中的一种;镍改性酚醛树脂中的镍、钴改性酚醛树脂中的钴、钛改性酚醛树脂中的钛和铁改性酚醛树脂中的铁分别是在各自的酚醛树脂合成过程中引入。
所述冷态模压成型的成型压力为50~80MPa;冷态模压成型工序中模腔内抽真空至压力为1000~2000Pa。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
本发明采用的原料主要为石油焦,价格相对便宜,有效降低了生产成本。本发明以改性酚醛树脂为结合剂,能直接常温混捏和成型,解决了沥青碳化的污染问题;本发明采用的改性酚醛树脂是在酚醛树脂合成过程中引入过渡金属元素制备的,不同于常规物理混合吸附,过渡元素均匀接枝在酚醛树脂基体上,可催化酚醛树脂碳形成石墨化碳,降低高抗氧化性石墨电极电阻率。
本发明添加石油焦微粉,能填充石油焦颗粒间的缝隙,使坯体致密化;同时采用冷态模压成型,并进行抽真空处理,成型后的石墨电极坯体气孔率低和体积密度大,能有效减少浸渍-焙烧处理工序次数,缩短生产周期和简化生产工序。
本发明添加硅粉并配合特定的升温制度,能在高抗氧化性石墨电极中生成SiC,不仅提高了制品的强度,而且SiC在制品使用过程中氧化形成的高粘度SiO2玻璃相附着在石墨电极表面,提高了高抗氧化性石墨电极抗氧化性。
本发明制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度大于1.81g/cm-3;电阻率小于7.0μΩm;抗折强度大于10MPa;热膨胀系数小于1.5×10-6/℃。
因此,本发明生产成本低、工艺简单和生产周期短;所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极具有强度高、电阻率低和抗氧化性能优异的特点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的描述,并非对其保护范围的限制。
为避免重复,先将本具体实施方式所涉及到的物料和有关技术参数统一描述如下,实施例中不再赘述:
所述石油焦的颗粒级配为:粒径小于等于8mm且大于5mm的占20~40wt%、粒径小于等于5mm且大于3mm的占30~50wt%、粒径小于等于3mm且大于0.1mm的占10~20wt%、粒径小于0.1mm的占20~30wt%;所述石油焦的灰分小于1wt%。
所述石油焦微粉的粒度小于0.015mm,石油焦微粉的灰分小于1wt%。
所述硅粉粒度小于0.045mm,硅粉中Si含量>98wt%。
所述改性酚醛树脂为镍改性酚醛树脂、钴改性酚醛树脂、钛改性酚醛树脂和铁改性酚醛树脂中的一种;镍改性酚醛树脂中的镍、钴改性酚醛树脂中的钴、钛改性酚醛树脂中的钛和铁改性酚醛树脂中的铁分别是在各自的酚醛树脂合成过程中引入。
所述高温石墨化处理的升温制度是:先以6~10℃/h的速率升温至950~1050℃:再以5~8℃/min的速率升温至1350~1450℃,保温3~6h;然后以10~15℃/h的速率升温至2450~2550℃,保温2~6h。
实施例1
一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以70~74wt%的石油焦、16~20wt%的石油焦微粉和10~12wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料14~18wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂。先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极。
本实施例所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度为1.85~1.87g/cm-3;电阻率为7.0~6.5μΩm;抗折强度为16~18MPa;热膨胀系数为1.1~1.2×10-6/℃。
实施例2
一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以74~78wt%的石油焦、14~16wt%的石油焦微粉和8~10wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料12~16wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂。先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极。
本实施例所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度为1.82~1.84g/cm-3;电阻率为6.5~6.0μΩm;抗折强度为14~16MPa;热膨胀系数为1.2~1.3×10-6/℃。
实施例3
一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以78~82wt%的石油焦、12~14wt%的石油焦微粉和6~8wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料10~14wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂。先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极。
本实施例所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度为1.83~1.85g/cm-3;电阻率为6.0~5.5μΩm;抗折强度为12~14MPa;热膨胀系数为1.3~1.4×10-6/℃。
实施例4
一种高抗氧化性石墨电极及其制备方法。本实施例所述制备方法是:
以82~85wt%的石油焦、10~12wt%的石油焦微粉和4~6wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料16~20wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂。先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极。
本实施例所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度为1.81~1.83g/cm-3;电阻率为5.5~5.0μΩm;抗折强度为10~12MPa;热膨胀系数为1.4~1.5×10-6/℃。
本具体实施方式与现有技术相比具有如下积极效果:
本具体实施方式采用的原料主要为石油焦,价格相对便宜,有效降低了生产成本。本具体实施方式以改性酚醛树脂为结合剂,能直接常温混捏和成型,解决了沥青碳化的污染问题;本具体实施方式采用的改性酚醛树脂是在酚醛树脂合成过程中引入过渡金属元素制备的,不同于常规物理混合吸附,过渡元素均匀接枝在酚醛树脂基体上,可催化酚醛树脂碳形成石墨化碳,降低高抗氧化性石墨电极电阻率。
本具体实施方式添加石油焦微粉,能填充石油焦颗粒间的缝隙,使坯体致密化;同时采用冷态模压成型,并进行抽真空处理,成型后的石墨电极坯体气孔率低和体积密度大,能有效减少浸渍-焙烧处理工序次数,缩短生产周期和简化生产工序。
本具体实施方式添加硅粉并配合特定的升温制度,能在高抗氧化性石墨电极中生成SiC,不仅提高了制品的强度,而且SiC在制品使用过程中氧化形成的高粘度SiO2玻璃相附着在石墨电极表面,提高了高抗氧化性石墨电极抗氧化性。
本具体实施方式制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极经检测:体积密度大于1.81g/cm-3;电阻率小于7.0μΩm;抗折强度大于10MPa;热膨胀系数小于1.5×10-6/℃。
因此,本具体实施方式生产成本低、工艺简单和生产周期短;所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极具有强度高、电阻率低和抗氧化性能优异的特点。
Claims (7)
1.一种高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法是:以70~85wt%的石油焦、10~20wt%的石油焦微粉和4~12wt%的硅粉为原料,以所述原料10~20wt%的改性酚醛树脂为结合剂;先将所述石油焦微粉和所述硅粉混合30~60分钟,制得混合粉;再将所述石油焦混合3~5分钟,向混合后的石油焦中加入所述改性酚醛树脂,混碾5~10分钟,制得混合物;然后向所述混合物中加入所述混合粉,混碾15~30分钟,冷态模压成型,180~220℃条件下固化;经一次焙烧、一次浸渍和高温石墨化处理,制得高抗氧化性石墨电极;
所述高温石墨化处理的升温制度是:先以6~10℃/h的速率升温至950~1050℃:再以5~8℃/min的速率升温至1350~1450℃,保温3~6h;然后以10~15℃/h的速率升温至2450~2550℃,保温2~6h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述石油焦的颗粒级配为:粒径小于等于8mm且大于5mm的占20~40wt%、粒径小于等于5mm且大于3mm的占30~50wt%、粒径小于等于3mm且大于0.1mm的占10~20wt%、粒径小于0.1mm的占20~30wt%;所述石油焦的灰分小于1wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述石油焦微粉的粒度小于0.015mm,石油焦微粉的灰分小于1wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述硅粉粒度小于0.045mm,硅粉中Si含量>98wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述改性酚醛树脂为镍改性酚醛树脂、钴改性酚醛树脂、钛改性酚醛树脂和铁改性酚醛树脂中的一种;镍改性酚醛树脂中的镍、钴改性酚醛树脂中的钴、钛改性酚醛树脂中的钛和铁改性酚醛树脂中的铁分别是在各自的酚醛树脂合成过程中引入。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法,其特征在于所述冷态模压成型的成型压力为50~80MPa;冷态模压成型工序中模腔内抽真空至压力为1000~2000Pa。
7.一种高抗氧化性石墨电极,其特征在于所述高抗氧化性石墨电极是根据权利要求1~6项中任一项所述的高抗氧化性石墨电极的制备方法所制备的高抗氧化性石墨电极。
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