CN108404986A - 一种双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,5-cyclooctadiene Chemical compound C1CC=CCCC=C1 VYXHVRARDIDEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 229910021604 Rhodium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/22—Organic complexes
- B01J31/2282—Unsaturated compounds used as ligands
- B01J31/2295—Cyclic compounds, e.g. cyclopentadienyls
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- C07C5/32—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with formation of free hydrogen
- C07C5/367—Formation of an aromatic six-membered ring from an existing six-membered ring, e.g. dehydrogenation of ethylcyclohexane to ethylbenzene
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法及应用,本发明采用RhCl3·3H2O乙醇溶液与1,5‑环辛二烯(COD)共热回流的方法制得[Rh(COD)Cl]2,然后与官能化过的活性炭混合,加入甲醇溶液,经超声波处理,过滤,干燥后制得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂;将上述所制催化剂应用在双戊烯脱氢反应中,得到具有较高收率的对伞花烃;该方法操作简单,设备条件要求低,条件温和,双戊烯转化率及对伞花烃选择性均较高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于工业的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法及应用,属于化工领域。
背景技术
双戊烯是以松节油为原料生产樟脑或松油醇时得到的副产物,其主要是由单环单萜烯的双键异构体混合物组成,我国年产量丰富,双戊烯经脱氢反应可制得一种有价值的香料中间体--对伞花烃。对伞花烃是用于聚合物和香料化学的首选材料,可以直接用于调配食用及洗涤用香精,还可用作镇咳、祛痰、治疗慢性气管炎的药物,具有良好的止咳、化痰、降低和控制细菌滋生的效果,此外合成多粉檀麝香、吐纳麝香等多环麝香型名贵香料也是其重要用途方向。
双戊烯或工业双戊烯催化脱氢为对伞花烃,相比于传统傅克烷基化反应,此方法不存在异构体分离困难、环境污染的问题,并且我国松节油资源丰富,有大量的工业双戊烯原料来源,减少了对石化原料的依赖,同时也提高双戊烯的工业价值,对于合理有效地利用双戊烯具有重要的学术和实际意义。
相比于国内的研究,国外起步较早,工艺也日渐成熟,多以纯双戊烯作为原料,主要有液相法和气相法两种。液相脱氢主要是利用不同的催化剂与原料共热得到对伞花烃,使用的催化剂主要有 Pd/C、蒙脱土、其它功能性粘土等。液相法反应速度较慢,周期较长,只能分批生成,但是对设备的要求低,工艺过程简单,反应条件较为温和,能耗低,环境污染小,较适用于实验室及中小企业生产。王兰英等用自制的镍系催化剂,在180℃下反应6h,常压通氮气,得到双戊烯转化率为84%。Humphrey指出将漂白土与双戊烯共热回流,可发生歧化反应,产物对伞花烃收率达40%。胡贵贤,刘先章等人分别采用Pd/C、Raney Ni及甲酸镍催化剂催化双戊烯液相脱氢反应,甲酸镍的催化效果最佳,得到对伞花烃产率为81%,但甲酸镍活性温度较高,且反应时间较长。
气相脱氢是利用气相反应装置,将双戊烯气化后经过固体催化剂,在高温下转化为对伞花烃,比较适用于大批量的工业生产,气相催化在国外研究的较多,使用的催化剂种类也相对较多。缺点是气相法对设备要求较高且反应条件比较苛刻,成本较高。Hull采用高表面活性的载体(活性炭、活性氧化铝、二氧化硅)负载Pd,发现在260℃~275℃,工业双戊烯大部分转化为对伞花烃。Dixon将Cr2O3负载在Al2O3上,在200-300℃下气相脱氢,双戊烯转化率达90%,对伞花烃选择性达70~80%。Hoelderich以沸石为载体负载Pd或负载Pd与Ce,双戊烯的转化率达100%,对伞花烃产率达87%。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,本发明采用具有离子交换性能力及较高比表面积的活性炭作为载体用于双戊烯脱氢反应中,不仅能提高活性组分负载面、增加催化剂的使用寿命,同时该类催化剂还具有制备简单、易回收、热稳定性及机械稳定性较高等特点。
本发明双戊烯脱氢催化剂采用共热回流合成法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将活性炭用蒸馏水煮沸1~2h后,用蒸馏水反复洗涤直至液体清澈,取出活性炭干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与HNO3溶液混合后加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直至HNO3溶液完全挥发,用蒸馏水将酸化后的活性炭洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于100-110℃下干燥;
(2)将RhCl3·3H2O与无水乙醇在70~90℃下共热,直至RhCl3·3H2O完全溶解,按1,5-环辛二烯(COD)与铑的摩尔比为3~5:1的比例,将1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,继续共热回流,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥得[Rh(COD)Cl]2;
(3)将步骤(1)活性炭、步骤(2)产物[Rh(COD)Cl]2与甲醇混合,室温超声,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得双戊烯脱氢催化剂([Rh(COD)Cl]2/C)。
所述步骤(1)中蒸馏水与活性炭比例为3~5mL/g。
所述步骤(1)中HNO3溶液质量浓度为5%~30%,HNO3溶液与活性炭比例为3~5mL/g。
所述步骤(2)中RhCl3·3H2O与无水乙醇溶液质量体积比g:mL为1:15~20,回流温度为60~80℃,回流时间为2~4h。
所述步骤(3)中步骤(1)活性炭质量g:步骤(2)产物质量g:甲醇体积mL比为1:0.024~0.119:10;室温超声时间为5min~25 min。
本发明另一目的是提供一种上述方法制得的双戊烯脱氢催化剂([Rh(COD)Cl]2/C)。
本发明将[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂应用在双戊烯脱氢反应中,将[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂与双戊烯按质量比0.5~5%(0.005~0.05)的比例加入反应器中,在氮气气氛下,于160~170℃下搅拌反应1~2h,可使双戊烯大部分转化为对伞花烃,停止反应后,降温过滤,反应产物在气相色谱上检测即可得转化率和收率。
通过本发明制备的催化剂,活性组分Rh含量为1~3wt%。本发明制备的高活性铑催化剂可有效降低反应条件,简化制备工艺,提高产物收率。
本发明技术方案具有以下优点:
(1)本发明方法以1,5-环辛二烯为配体,RhCl3·3H2O为活性组分,合成催化活性较高的[Rh(COD)Cl]2,使用超声波辅助使其均匀的负载在活性炭表面,即得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂,该方法制备工艺简单,易回收,绿色环保,反应条件温和,产品收率高,满足精细化工、医药等行业发展的需求,具有一定的社会效益;
(2)RhCl3·3H2O与1,5-环辛二烯在双戊烯脱氢反应中各具有一定优势,将其二者按比例络合成[Rh(COD)Cl]2,COD配体可显著提高催化剂选择性,从而得到高收率的对伞花烃;
(3)采用超声波辅助将[Rh(COD)Cl]2负载在活性炭上,活性组分与活性炭表面基团之间化学键的产生可使活性组分有效固载在载体活性炭上,从而提高催化剂稳定性,延长催化剂寿命;
(4)本发明中使用环境友好、操作简单、催化活性较高的[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C作为催化剂,且脱氢反应在常压下进行,反应条件温和,降低设备要求。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步详述,但本发明并不局限于这些实施例。
实施例1
(1)将蒸馏水与活性炭按5mL/g的比例混合后煮沸1h,用蒸馏水反复洗涤,直至上层液体清澈,取出活性炭干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与质量浓度25%的HNO3溶液按5mL/g的比例混合后,加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直到HNO3溶液完全挥发,将酸化后的活性炭用蒸馏水洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于100℃下干燥;
(2)将1g RuCl3·3H2O与15mL无水乙醇置于三口烧瓶中,在70℃共热直至RuCl3·3H2O完全溶解,取1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,70℃下继续加热回流4h,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,将洗后晶体放入烘箱干燥,其中1,5-环辛二烯与铑的摩尔比为3:1;
(3)取1g的预处理活性炭、0.024g[Rh(COD)Cl]2与10mL甲醇混合,室温超声15min,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂。
(4)取0.05g[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂、10g工业双戊烯按质量比0.5%的比例加入三口烧中,在氮气气氛下,于170℃搅拌反应2h,降温过滤得到对伞花烃;双戊烯转化率为90.07%,选择性为95.04%。
实施例2
(1)将活性炭与蒸馏水按3mL/g的比例混合煮沸1.5h,用蒸馏水反复洗涤,直至上层液体清澈,干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与质量浓度30%的HNO3溶液按4mL/g的比例混合后,加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直到HNO3溶液完全挥发,将酸化后的活性炭用蒸馏水洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于100℃下干燥;
(2)将1g RuCl3·3H2O与18mL无水乙醇装入三口烧瓶中,在80℃共热至RuCl3·3H2O完全溶解,取1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,80℃下继续加热回流2h,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,将滤后晶体放入烘箱干燥,其中1,5-环辛二烯与铑的摩尔比为4:1;
(3)取1g的预处理活性炭、0.071g [Rh(COD)Cl]2与10mL甲醇混合,室温超声20min,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂;
(4)取0.4g[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂、10g工业双戊烯按质量比4%的比例加入三口烧中,在氮气气氛下,于165℃搅拌反应1.5h,降温过滤,得到对伞花烃;双戊烯转化率为91.96%,选择性为97.98%。
实施例3
(1)将活性炭与蒸馏水按4mL/g的比例混合煮沸2h后,蒸馏水反复洗涤,直至上层液体清澈,取出活性炭干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与质量浓度8%浓度的HNO3溶液按3mL/g的比例混合后,加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直到HNO3溶液完全挥发,将酸化后的活性炭用蒸馏水洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于105℃下干燥;
(2)将1g RuCl3·3H2O与20mL无水乙醇装入三口烧瓶中,在90℃共热至RuCl3·3H2O完全溶解,取1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,60℃下继续加热回流3h,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,将滤后晶体放入烘箱干燥,其中1,5-环辛二烯与铑的摩尔比为5:1;
(3)取1g的预处理活性炭、0.095g[Rh(COD)Cl]2与10mL甲醇混合,室温超声10min,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂;
(4)取0.2g[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂、10mL工业双戊烯按质量比2%的比例加入三口烧中,在氮气气氛下,于170℃搅拌反应1h,降温过滤,得到对伞花烃;双戊烯转化率为92. 07%,选择性为97.68%。
实施例4
(1)将蒸馏水与活性炭按3.5mL/g的比例混合煮沸1h后,用蒸馏水反复洗涤,直至上层液体清澈,干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与质量浓度12%的HNO3溶液按5mL/g的比例混合后,加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直到HNO3溶液完全挥发,将酸化后的活性炭用蒸馏水洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于100℃下干燥;
(2)将1g RuCl3·3H2O与16mL无水乙醇装入三口烧瓶中,在75℃共热至RuCl3·3H2O完全溶解,取1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,75℃下继续加热回流2.5h,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,将滤后晶体放入烘箱干燥,其中1,5-环辛二烯与铑的摩尔比为4.5:1;
(3)取1g的预处理活性炭、0.115g[Rh(COD)Cl]2与10mL甲醇混合,室温超声15min,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂;
(4)取0.1g[Rh(COD)Cl]2/C催化剂、10g工业双戊烯按质量比1%的比例加入三口烧中,在氮气气氛下,于160℃搅拌反应2h,降温过滤,得到对伞花烃;双戊烯转化率为91. 93%,选择性为97.52%。
Claims (8)
1.一种双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将活性炭用蒸馏水煮沸1~2h后,用蒸馏水反复洗涤直至液体清澈,取出活性炭干燥;将干燥后的活性炭与HNO3溶液混合后加热至沸腾,并不断搅拌,直至HNO3溶液完全挥发,用蒸馏水将酸化后的活性炭洗涤,直至滤液pH=7,将所得活性炭于100~110℃下干燥;
(2)将RhCl3·3H2O与无水乙醇在70~90℃下共热,直至RhCl3·3H2O完全溶解,按1,5-环辛二烯与铑的摩尔比为3~5:1的比例,将1,5-环辛二烯缓慢滴入三氯化铑乙醇溶液中,继续共热回流,生成橙色晶体产物,所得产物用无水乙醇洗涤,干燥;
(3)将步骤(1)活性炭、步骤(2)产物与甲醇混合,室温超声,待甲醇完全蒸发,于真空干燥箱中干燥,即得双戊烯脱氢催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中HNO3溶液质量浓度为5%~30%,HNO3溶液与活性炭比例为3~5mL/g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中RhCl3·3H2O与无水乙醇溶液质量体积比g:mL为1:15~20。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中回流温度为60~80℃,回流时间为2~4h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中步骤(1)活性炭质量g:步骤(2)产物质量g:甲醇体积mL比为1:0.024~0.119:10。
6.权利要求1~5任一项所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂的制备方法制得的双戊烯脱氢催化剂。
7.权利要求6所述的双戊烯脱氢催化剂在双戊烯脱氢反应中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于:将双戊烯脱氢催化剂与双戊烯按质量比0.5~5%的比例加入反应器中,在氮气气氛下,于160~170℃下搅拌反应1~2h,降温过滤,即得到对伞花烃。
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