CN108403950A - 一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法 - Google Patents
一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,它包括以下步骤:将铁皮石斛叶与乙醇水溶液混合,回流提取,过滤,滤液蒸发浓缩,所得浓缩液先后使用石油醚和正丁醇萃取,所得萃取液浓缩,配制成去离子水溶液,上大孔树脂进行吸附富集,再以乙醇水溶液洗脱,洗脱流出液浓缩,即得铁皮石斛叶总黄酮产品;本发明提取纯化后的总黄酮不含有害杂质,且生物活性较好,该方法大孔树脂可以再生,重复使用,蒸发浓缩所得乙醇也可以重复利用,过程产生废液污染少。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然产物分离、保健食品、医药技术领域,具体涉及一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法。
背景技术
现代研究表明,总黄酮具有降低血压、降血脂、免疫调节、清除自由基等多种生物活性,特别对于收缩压、舒张压升高具有显著的抑制作用。此外,总黄酮对人体的正常细胞低毒甚至无毒,因此总黄酮在人类保健、营养和疾病预防及治疗方面具有广阔的应用前景。
铁皮石斛是一种名贵中药材,为兰科植物Dendrobium officinale KimuraetMigo的干燥茎,为九大仙草之首。具有益胃生津、滋阴清热等传统功效,并有保肝,调节代谢异常等现代功能。铁皮石斛主要含多糖、黄酮、生物碱、氨基酸等有效成分。根据2015版药典明文规定,铁皮石斛的药用部位为茎,其叶既不属于药用部位,也不能作为普通食品使用,故铁皮石斛的叶部位通常被废弃,造成叶资源大量浪费;2017年2月铁皮石斛叶已向中国CFDA申报新食品原料并受理。本课题前期研究证实铁皮石斛叶和铁皮石斛茎中具有相同的黄酮结构,且叶中黄酮含量远胜于茎中。铁皮石斛叶中已经得到指认的8种黄酮碳苷类化合物均以芹菜素为苷元的黄酮二碳糖苷类化合物,过去对黄酮类化合物的研究主要集中在黄酮氧苷等,对黄酮碳苷的研究相对较少。研究证明黄酮碳苷具有抗氧化、保护心血管等作用,具有广泛的药理活性,具有深入研究意义。
目前总黄酮的提取方法主要有直接回流法、超临界流体萃取法、微波法等。铁皮石斛叶中总黄酮含量相对较低,若直接采用超临界流体萃取技术,过度消耗流体,从经济效益来看非常不合算,微波法需特殊的仪器,一次性成本投入高;直接回流法与临界流体萃取法、微波法相比,综合成本较低,且乙醇可以回收重复利用。同时,采用大孔树脂富集分离总黄酮。因为大孔吸附树脂的物理化学稳定性高,吸附选择性强,富集效果好,解吸条件温和,再生简便,使用周期长等特点,所以近些年来,树脂吸附法被广泛应用于天然产物的分离纯化。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种从铁皮石斛叶中提取和纯化总黄酮的方法,该法操作简便,提取率高且成本低廉。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采取以下技术措施:一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)醇提:将干燥铁皮石斛叶粉粹,加入乙醇水溶液加热回流提取30min~60min,回流提取温度控制在60~85℃,然后过滤收集滤液,上述提取重复2到3次。
(2)合并滤液,减压浓缩至无醇味,即得到铁皮石斛叶醇提物。
(3)萃取:将上述提取物放入分液漏斗中,先用石油醚提取,萃取比1:0.5~2,重复1~5次,再用正丁醇溶液提取,萃取比1:0.5~2,重复1~5次,收集正丁醇相,减压浓缩得到浸膏,用去离子水复溶得到铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物。
(4)纯化:上述铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物经大孔树脂吸附D101、DM130、ADS-17和NKA-9中的任一种,上样后静置时间10~60min,以体积1~10BV的去离子水水洗至流出液颜色接近无色,再以5~20%乙醇洗脱液,体积1~10BV,0.1~5 mL/min流速洗脱除去杂质,最后以30~70%乙醇洗脱液,体积1~10BV,0.1~5 mL/min流速洗脱大孔吸附树脂,得到洗脱液。
(4)将洗脱液20~55℃减压浓缩至无醇味,得到铁皮石斛叶总黄酮提取物。
通过采用上述技术,与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:a.采用乙醇溶剂提取得到醇提物后,利用不同极性有机溶剂(石油醚或正丁醇)对醇提物进行萃取得到正丁醇部位提取物,再采用D101、DM130、ADS-17、NKA-9等不同极性大孔吸附树脂将其纯化得到总黄酮含量为0.5%~2%的铁皮石斛叶醇提物,总黄酮含量为1%~10%的铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物,总黄酮含量为10%~80%的铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物,其中大孔树脂纯化后黄酮部位提取物较正丁醇部位提取物中黄酮成分更为集中,提取纯化后的总黄酮不含有害杂质且生物活性较好,在实际应由中具有剂量小、作用明确等优点,更适合进一步开发及应用如可用于药品、食品等的开发;b.大孔树脂可以再生,重复使用,蒸发浓缩所得乙醇也可以重复利用。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合具体实施例加以说明。
实施例1
一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物,通过以下步骤得到:
(1)按投料比,称取铁皮石斛干燥叶,以料液比(即铁皮石斛叶重量与乙醇溶剂体积之比,下同)为1:8,加入75%乙醇溶剂,80℃下回流提取2次,合并两次所得滤液,减压浓缩,除去乙醇,得到铁皮石斛叶醇提物;
(2)将铁皮石斛叶醇提物,以萃取比(铁皮石斛叶醇提物与萃取剂的体积比,下同)1:0.5,加入石油醚溶剂,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去石油醚相,保留水相,共重复操作2次后,将水相以萃取比1:0.5,加入正丁醇溶液,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去水相,保留正丁醇相,共重复操作2次后,得到正丁醇相,减压浓缩,除去正丁醇溶剂,浸膏以水复溶,得到铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物。
(3)将铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物,以0.5ml/min流速通过型号为D101型号的大孔吸附树脂,上样浓度为0.5mg/mL,上样体积为50 mL,静置时间30min。
(4)首先以体积2BV的去离子水,以0.5ml/min流速通过大孔吸附树脂,洗至流出液颜色接近无色后;以5%乙醇溶剂,体积2BV,流速0.5ml/min通过大孔吸附树脂,除去杂质后;以30%乙醇溶剂,体积2BV,流速0.5ml/min通过大孔吸附树脂,收集流出液;
(5)收集流出液,减压浓缩,浓缩温度35℃,浓缩液至无醇味,得到铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物浸膏,经测定浸膏中总黄酮纯度为14.78%。
实施例2
一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物,通过以下步骤得到:
(1)按投料比,称取铁皮石斛干燥叶,以料液比1:12,加入80%乙醇溶剂,60℃下回流提取3次,合并两次所得滤液,减压浓缩,除去乙醇,得到铁皮石斛叶醇提物。
(2)将铁皮石斛叶醇提物,以萃取比1:1,加入石油醚溶剂,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去石油醚相,保留水相,共重复操作2次后,将水相以萃取比1:1,加入正丁醇溶液,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去水相,保留正丁醇相,共重复操作2次后,得到正丁醇相,减压浓缩,除去正丁醇溶剂,浸膏以水复溶,得到铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物。
(3)将铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物,以1ml/min流速通过型号为ADS-17型号的大孔吸附树脂,上样浓度为1mg/mL,上样体积为10 mL,静置时间30min。
(4)首先以体积7BV的去离子水,以1ml/min流速通过大孔吸附树脂,洗至流出液颜色接近无色后;以10%乙醇溶剂,体积7BV,流速1ml/min通过D101型号大孔吸附树脂,除去杂质后;以50%乙醇溶剂,体积7BV,流速1ml/min通过大孔吸附树脂;
(5)收集流出液,减压浓缩,浓缩温度45℃,浓缩液至无醇味,得到铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物浸膏,经测定浸膏中总黄酮纯度为18.60%。
实施例3
一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物,通过以下步骤得到:
(1)按投料比,称取铁皮石斛干燥叶,以料液比1:10,加入75%乙醇溶剂,80℃下回流提取3次,合并两次所得滤液,减压浓缩,除去乙醇,得到铁皮石斛叶醇提物。
(2)将铁皮石斛叶醇提物,以萃取比1:2,加入石油醚溶剂,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去石油醚相,保留水相,共重复操作3次后,将水相以萃取比1:2,加入正丁醇溶液,于萃取罐中萃取,弃去水相,保留正丁醇相,共重复操作3次后,得到正丁醇相,减压浓缩,除去正丁醇溶剂,浸膏以水复溶,得到铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物。
(3)将铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物,以5ml/min流速通过型号为DM-130型号的大孔吸附树脂,上样浓度为7mg/mL,上样体积为20 mL,静置时间60min。
(4)首先以体积5BV的去离子水,以5ml/min流速通过大孔吸附树脂,洗至流出液颜色接近无色后;以10%乙醇溶剂,体积5BV,流速5ml/min通过大孔吸附树脂,除去杂质后;以70%乙醇溶剂,体积2BV,流速5ml/min通过大孔吸附树脂;
(5)收集流出液,减压浓缩,浓缩温度30℃,浓缩液至无醇味,得到铁皮石斛叶总黄酮部位提取物浸膏,经测定浸膏中总黄酮纯度为15.05%。
上述实施例用来解释说明本发明,而不是对本发明进行限制,在本发明的精神和权利要求的保护范围内,对本发明作出的任何修改和改变,都落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
醇提:将干燥铁皮石斛叶粉粹,加入乙醇水溶液加热回流提取,回流提取温度为30~60min,温度为60~85℃,过滤收集滤液,滤渣重复提取2到3次,合并所有滤液;
将步骤1)的所有滤液减压浓缩除乙醇,得到铁皮石斛叶醇提物;
萃取:将步骤2)的铁皮石斛叶醇提物放入分液漏斗中,先用石油醚提取,重复1~5次,再用正丁醇提取,重复1~5次,收集正丁醇相,减压浓缩去除正丁醇,浓缩后得到的浸膏用去离子水复溶,得到铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物;
纯化:将步骤4)的铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物经大孔树脂吸附,以体积1~10BV的去离子水水洗大孔树脂,至流出液颜色接近无色,再以5~25%乙醇溶剂洗脱除去杂质,最后以30~80%乙醇洗脱得到洗脱液;
将步骤4)的洗脱液减压蒸发浓缩除乙醇,得铁皮石斛叶总黄酮提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的乙醇水溶液中乙醇的体积分数为60%~85%,所述铁皮石斛叶重量与乙醇溶剂体积之比为1:2~15,质量单位为mg,体积单位为mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中浓缩温度为40~60℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中的铁皮石斛叶醇提物与每次提取所用的石油醚、正丁醇的体积比均为1:0.5~2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的大孔树脂吸附时的铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物中总黄酮浓度为0.1 ~5ml/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中铁皮石斛叶正丁醇部位提取物中的总黄酮浓度为0.1~5mg/mL,上样体积为1~50mL,上样后静置时间10~60min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中两种不同乙醇洗脱液的上样流速均为0.1~5 mL/min,上样体积均为1~7BV。
8.根据权利要求1至6任一所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中所述的减压浓缩的温度为20~55℃。
9.根据权利要求1至6任一所述的一种铁皮石斛叶总黄酮的提取与纯化方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的大孔树脂为D101、DM130、ADS-17和NKA-9中的任一种。
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