CN108370824A - A kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method - Google Patents

A kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108370824A
CN108370824A CN201611018975.2A CN201611018975A CN108370824A CN 108370824 A CN108370824 A CN 108370824A CN 201611018975 A CN201611018975 A CN 201611018975A CN 108370824 A CN108370824 A CN 108370824A
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mushroom
flower
bacterium
flower mushroom
cultivation method
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Inventor
周修赵
张传华
苏贵平
赵光辉
张开鑫
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FUZHOU INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
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FUZHOU INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation methods, it is selected by cultivar selection, cultivation area, builds mushroom shed, stock, spice, pack, sterilizing, inoculation, bacterium germination, management of producing mushroom, harvests the realization of these steps, stocked up as weed tree sawdust 72.5%, cotton seed hulls 8%, wheat skin 18%, land plaster 1%, precipitated calcium carbonate 0.5%.Lentinus edodes strain stick, June in next year to September fruiting were produced 2 months annual November to next year.It realizes that summer flower mushroom cultivation in turn ensures the stabilization of yield and is not easy rotten cylinder using this method collection, 30% or more is increased economic efficiency than conventional cultivation.

Description

A kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to edible mushroom the Inverse season for culturing fields, more particularly to a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method.
Background technology
Flower mushroom is that the Lenlinus edodes being grown in dry environment cover epidermis and split, and exposes the bacterial context of white, shape such as decorative pattern and It gains the name, bacterial context plumpness, quality delicacy, storage endurance, Drying rate are high, are pushed away top grade for mushroom, flower mushroom cultivation is planted in mushroom The practical new technology to grow up on the basis of training technology, it is artificial to create dry and temperature after the mushroom flower bud of mushroom is formed The severe promotion flower mushroom rate that the unfavorable mushroom flower bud such as difference synchronizes development improves.Flower mushroom growth is typically arranged at late fall to early spring, and temperature exists Between 10~25 DEG C, day and night temperature is 10 DEG C or more of season, artificial cultivating in bag flower mushroom, the not de- bag of use, moisturizing flower bud, partially Main pipe reason cultural method, there is labor intensity it is big, misshapen mushroom is more the shortcomings of, when especially cutting mushroom flower bud need to spend a large amount of Between.High altitude localities, summer climate is refrigerant, and day and night temperature is big, wooded, and forest resources are abundant and climatic superiority is conducive to Develop anti-season mushroom production, in 5~September part fruiting, at this time market mushroom shortage, higher price.In the commodity circulation of mushroom In, flower mushroom valence of fine quality is high, is popular.
Invention content
Present invention aims at provide a kind of cultural method of summer flower mushroom, good, the heat safe bacterium by using adaptability Strain produced lentinus edodes strain stick, June in next year to September fruiting 2 months annual November to next year.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method, includes the following steps:
(1) cultivar selects:Selection adaptation is good, heat safe bacterial strain.
(2) cultivation area selects:Selection height above sea level is higher, topography is flat, draughty area.
(3) mushroom shed is built:Mushroom shed is east-west, using the structure of inside and outside canopy.Sunshade net is stamped on outer canopy, interior canopy upper cover is black White spaced-apart plastic film.
(4) it stocks up:Weed tree sawdust 72.5%, cotton seed hulls 8%, wheat skin 18%, land plaster 1%, precipitated calcium carbonate 0.5%, with On be dry biomass ratio.
(5) spice:After quality proportioning weighing in step (3), it is dry-mixed stir evenly after plus water stirring, compost is aqueous Amount 54%~56%.
(6) it packs:Pack, which is selected, exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag and polyethylene outer bag is used cooperatively, inner bag not tying.
(7) it sterilizes:Using the automatic sterilizing cabinet sterilizing of high pressure, is first kept for 40 minutes at 70 DEG C, then rise to 121 DEG C, kept 420 minutes.Barrel is further taken out when cabinet temperature drop is to 70 DEG C.
(8) it is inoculated with:Transfer room after sterilization is inoculated with, and caves inoculation is pricked using 3 points, the discharge of heap bavin formula, and heap is high by 10~ 13 layers.
(9) bacterium germination:It turns over pile within 10 days after inoculation, bacterium bag is discharged by groined type, it is 8~10 layers high.Cultivate room temperature 19 DEG C~21 DEG C, air humidity 62%~67%.The acanthopore oxygenation after flower mushroom stick is covered with mycelia, and carry out bacterium cylinder row and dredge.
(10) management of producing mushroom:For bacterium cylinder after the culture of 90~120d, mycelia reaches physiological maturity, at 18 DEG C~20 DEG C Batch framed bent under temperature environment, the humidity and thermal stimulation then improved by way of water spray in mushroom shed carry out bacterium cylinder Flower bud fruiting.After mushroom cylinder is buddingged, polyethylene outer bag is sloughed in time, and reservation exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag.Stronger ventilation is simultaneously after fruiting Stop water spray, so that humidity is reduced to 65%~75% first batch of flower mushroom of promotion and formed.After first batch of flower mushroom harvesting, stop water spray, It is aerated, reduces humidity, allow mycelia restoration ecosystem, the method for " pat and shy gill fungus " is carried out after 20d stimulates second batch of flower bud fruiting Management, promotes fruit-body formation for every batch by water-filling method combination thermal stimulation later.
(11) it harvests:Flower mushroom ninety percent can harvest when ripe.
Wherein, the flower mushroom kind is L808.
Wherein, the cultivation area selects in height above sea level to be 600~1000 meters of area.
Wherein, the sunshade net of the outer canopy upper cover of the mushroom shed is eight needle sunshade nets, and culture bedstead is erected in mushroom shed.
Wherein, what the pack was selected exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag and the specification of polyethylene outer bag to be respectively 14.8cm × 54cm With 15.2cm × 55cm, every packed wet feed 1.9kg~2.0kg.
Wherein, the pack, inoculation time are 2 months November to next year.
Wherein, it refers to that bacterium cylinder is discharged bacterium bag by △ fonts that the bacterium cylinder row during the bacterium germination, which dredges, and heap is 6~7 layers high, heap Away from 10cm.
Wherein, the thermal stimulation during management of producing mushroom refers to closing on daytime mushroom shed plastic foil, and night opens mushroom shed plastics Film.
It is an advantage of the current invention that being not easy rotten cylinder in cultivation, economic benefit can be significantly improved relative to conventional cultivation, Reduce the possibility contacted with unholiness soil, water source.Tier rack type cultivates the utilization rate for improving mushroom shed, and will not be to yield It impacts.It can be cultivated with intensive scale, reduce labor intensity.Realize summer flower mushroom cultivation.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further, as described below, is only the preferable implementation to the present invention Example, not limits the present invention.
Embodiment
Summer, flower mushroom cultivation method was as follows in the embodiment:
(1) cultivar selects:Select adaptability good, heat safe L808 bacterial strains are as excellent flower mushroom bacterial strain, the bacterium Strain fruiting temperature at 10 DEG C~36 DEG C, room temperature bacteria developing period 90d, fructification is big, meat is thick, mushroom type circle just, light brown, yield is high, product Matter is good.
(2) cultivation area selects:Selection in 600-1000 meters of height above sea level, fog is few, topography is flat, environmental sanitation, ventilation it is good Good, irrigation and drainage are easily regional, and height above sea level is higher more advantageous.Mushroom shed is built in the place of preferential selection mountain spring water or mountain stream water.These ground Square day and night temperature is big, and water temperature is nice and cool, is conducive to the growth and development of summer flower mushroom.
(3) mushroom shed is built:Mushroom shed selection is east-west, using the structure of inside and outside canopy;The outer high 5.5m of ceiling, width 14m, and It is covered with eight needle sunshade nets;The interior high 4.5m of ceiling, both sides shoulder height 3.0m, upper cover black and white spaced-apart plastic film carry out sunshade, it is desirable that reach To " sun nine is cloudy " degree.Column pipe is that outer diameter is no less than 60mm, and wall thickness is no less than the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe of 1.8mm, column Spacing 4m;Arch bar pipe is that outer diameter is no less than 32mm, wall thickness is no less than the hot-dip galvanized steel pipe of 1.5mm, 1 meter of spring base;Longitudinal tie Pipe is that outer diameter is no less than 25mm, wall thickness is no less than 1.4mm hot-dip galvanized steel pipes.Three-dimensional bedstead, the wide 0.7m of frame, layer are taken in mushroom shed Away from 27cm~30cm, divides 6 layers~7 layers up and down, walk road width 1.3m, and set ventilation opening, installation electric light, water pipe, automatic nozzle in canopy Equal facilities, surrounding hold ditch of metalling run out successfully, can put ten thousand bags of mushroom stick 2.8-3.0 per acre.
(4) it stocks up:Weed tree sawdust 72.5%, cotton seed hulls 8%, wheat skin 18%, land plaster 1%, precipitated calcium carbonate 0.5%, with On be dry biomass ratio.
(5) spice:After quality proportioning weighing in step (3), it is dry-mixed stir evenly after plus water stirring, compost is aqueous Amount 54%~56%.
(6) it packs:Pack selects 14.8cm × 54cm to exempt to cut water-retaining film inner bag and the polyethylene outer bag of 15.2cm × 55cm It is used cooperatively, per packed 1.9~2.0kg of wet feed, with special bundling machine tying, inner bag not tying.
(7) it sterilizes:Using the automatic sterilizing cabinet sterilizing of high pressure, is first kept for 40 minutes at 70 DEG C, then rise to 121 DEG C, kept 420 minutes.Barrel is further taken out when cabinet temperature drop is to 70 DEG C, in order to avoid barrel deformation fracture.
(8) it is inoculated with:Transfer room is sterilized in inoculation evening before that day with aerial fog disinfectant, first with 75% alcohol wipe when inoculation Vessel, strain and inoculation personnel hand, arm etc. carry out surface sterilization.Cave inoculation is pricked using 3 points, barrel heap bavin formula is discharged after inoculation, Heap is 10~13 layers high.
(9) bacterium germination:10d turns over pile after inoculation, and bacterium bag is discharged by groined type, 8~10 layers high.Cultivate room temperature 19 DEG C~21 DEG C, air humidity 62%~67%.Mushroom stick uses Special-purpose puncher acanthopore oxygenation after being covered with mycelia, and pays attention to ventilation, protects It is fresh to hold room air;Then barrel is discharged into bacterium bag by △ fonts, 6~7 layers high, heap " burns bacterium " away from 10cm, high temperature-proof
(10) management of producing mushroom:For bacterium cylinder after the culture of 90~120d, mycelia reaches physiological maturity, at 18 DEG C~20 DEG C Batch framed bent under temperature environment, the humidity and thermal stimulation then improved by way of water spray in mushroom shed carry out bacterium cylinder Flower bud fruiting.After mushroom cylinder is buddingged, polyethylene outer bag is sloughed in time, and reservation exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag.Stronger ventilation is simultaneously after fruiting Stop water spray, so that humidity is reduced to 65%~75% first batch of flower mushroom of promotion and formed.After first batch of flower mushroom harvesting, it is aerated, Humidity is reduced, allows mycelia restoration ecosystem, the method for " pat and shy gill fungus " is carried out after 20d stimulates second batch of flower bud management of producing mushroom, later Every batch promotes fruit-body formation by water-filling method combination thermal stimulation.
(11) it harvests:When flower mushroom ninety percent is ripe temporarily, so that it may which, with harvesting, the rainy day will suitably shift to an earlier date, prevent under flower mushroom quality Drop, especially white flower mushroom are produced using this method per 16800 kilograms -18000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh mushroom amount, deformity mushroom rate≤5%, Flower mushroom rate reaches 60% or more.
Comparative example:
This method is traditional flower mushroom cultivation method, is as follows:
(1) cultivar selects:Middle seasonal strain such as 939, bag making phase are arranged in 3-May of the Gregorian calendar, seasonal strain such as 135 bag makings Phase was arranged in for 1-March, fruiting October in season-April next year.
(2) cultivation area selects:Cultivation area is selected on the sunny side, is divulged information, dry field or selection are in 600-1100 meters of seas It pulls out, the area that fog is few.
(3) mushroom shed is built:Mushroom shed divides Nei Peng and outer canopy, interior canopy to discharge two bedsteads.Outer 180 centimetres of the pillar height of bedstead, inner prop It is 205 centimetres high, divide 5 layers up and down, bottom is apart from 15 centimetres of ground, 25 centimetres from ceiling of side at top layer, 50 centimetres from ceiling of inner edge, 35 centimetres of distance between frame and frame, bedstead is 80 centimetres wide, can just arrange two bags of mushroom cylinders.Bedstead column and vertical intercolumnar distance 1.3-1.5 meters.70 1 80 centimetres of road width is walked between two bedsteads.Every column top silver is at groove, the fixed item of traverse Bamboo.
The very useful bamboo chip bow of frame, is fixed on plastic tape on the horizontal bamboo of column top, bends distance between bamboo and bow bamboo 25 centimetres, 20-30 centimetres of bow bamboo Edge Distance column jacket is used in combination a bamboo to pinion bow bamboo edge, plays protection plastic foil, finally Two bedsteads are all covered from the beginning to the end with plastic foil.When interior canopy will divulge information, the film roll on both sides can be placed on to bow bamboo edge On the hook of bamboo.Shading shed (i.e. outer canopy) is taken outside interior canopy.The outer canopy of flower mushroom, which all around hides, wants sparse, convenient for ventilation, that is to say, that people It stands outside canopy, it can be seen that in canopy.Ceiling shades object density degree root Ju Various Seasonal to adjust, and the Gregorian calendar is adjusted to 7 10-November Cloudy sun three is that flower mushroom sunlight shines into mushroom shed, and 12 12 months next year ceilings must be sparse, is adjusted to eight positive two cloudy or even full sun, with Just sunlight shines into, and improves temperature of shed, especially frost day.
(4) stock, spice, pack, sterilizing, inoculation:Culture material formula:Weed tree sawdust 80.5%, wheat skin 18%, land plaster 1%, calcium carbonate 0.5%, spice, pack, sterilizing, inoculation are identical with conventional cultivation.
(5) bacterium germination:1., the bacteria phase to punch ventilation, for the first time after mycelia walks full mushroom letter, grasp prick punch use Power is pressed into 1.5-2 centimetres of depths in mushroom letter, every bag of 2-3 rows of punching.It is beaten again with prick punch after mushroom cylinder knob is formed for the second time 2-3 row of hole promotes mushroom cylinder annesl uniform;2., veraison, Miao Jian is inoculated with cave downward or the place iron nail acanthopore more than the ponding, So that ponding is outflowed, accumulates yellow water to prevent bacterium cylinder and cause rotten cylinder.
(10) mushroom cylinder restocking and flower bud management
1., shelf life be typically scheduled at Gregorian calendar weather in October lower season
2., flower bud:Certain humidity is kept, temperature difference alternating temperature flower bud is utilized.After mushroom flower bud occurs, 1-1.5 centimetres i.e. broad bean is grown to When size, 3/4 film is cut along mushroom flower bud periphery with scraper, keeps its exposed.General every bag is stayed mushroom flower bud 5-10 or so, cuts flower bud people Work is expensive.
(11) management of producing mushroom:
1., after mushroom flower bud cuts, lid plastic foil 2-3 days, avoid overdraft, keep certain humiture, keep its stalwartness raw It is long, avoid dead mushroom, especially frosting cold day.When mushroom flower bud grows to thumb head size, except rainy day, frost day, scrape cold wind in addition to, lift Film is divulged information to promote decorative pattern to be formed.It, can will be with the bacterium of small mushroom bud (1-1.5cm) if large and small mushroom flower bud extent of growth is inconsistent Cylinder is emitted on chassis, and practicably film covering is best, and small mushroom bud is promoted to mushroom out, and it is dead to reduce the atrophy of mushroom flower bud.
2., grown the mushroom cylinder of a damp mushroom, if mushroom cylinder weight at 2 jin hereinafter, the water filling that can have an injection, but water filling cannot be stood It carries out, it is necessary to allow or so mushroom cylinder recuperation two weeks, every 0.6-0.7 jin of rate of water make-up.This is because moisturizing immediately, mushroom cylinder 3- President mushroom again after 4 days, the mushroom grown is small and thin, when recuperate two weeks after, cover film, continuous water spray 3 days, 1 time a day, mushroom Cylinder long mushroom again, after mushroom flower bud occurs, it is necessary to stop water spray.
3., after frosting, mushroom shed shade wants dilute, increases illumination, improves temperature of shed, and mushroom flower bud is promoted to be formed and growth.
4., lower cold weather, 4 points to afternoon of at 10 points in morning daytime can suitably divulge information, and cover film at night.It drowns and freezes day, temperature, Humidity is all very low, generally all covers film at night daytime, avoids cold wind blow-through, mushroom flower bud is made to freeze to death, divulging information can only also select Noon.If excessively in dry (mushroom cap surface not only light but also black) in canopy, can earthward it pour at noon or to canopy internal spraying water, to flower Mushroom forms advantageous with growth.
5., flower mushroom ninety percent it is ripe when, so that it may with harvesting, the rainy day will suitably shift to an earlier date temporarily, prevent flower mushroom quality decline, especially It is white flower mushroom.
Using this method per 15100 kilograms -16000 kilograms of per mu yield fresh mushroom amount, deformity mushroom rate≤10%, flower mushroom rate reaches 50%.
1 comparative example of table is compared with embodiment experiment in cultivation data

Claims (8)

1. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1) cultivar selects:Selection adaptation is good, heat safe bacterial strain.
(2) cultivation area selects:Selection height above sea level is higher, topography is flat, draughty area.
(3) mushroom shed is built:Mushroom shed is east-west, using the structure of inside and outside canopy.Sunshade net is stamped on outer canopy, between interior canopy upper cover black and white Every plastic foil.
(4) it stocks up:Weed tree sawdust 72.5%, cotton seed hulls 8%, wheat skin 18%, land plaster 1%, precipitated calcium carbonate 0.5%, it is above equal For dry biomass ratio.
(5) spice:After quality proportioning weighing in step (3), it is dry-mixed stir evenly after plus water stirring, Compost moisture content 54%~56%.
(6) it packs:Pack, which is selected, exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag and polyethylene outer bag is used cooperatively, inner bag not tying.
(7) it sterilizes:Using the automatic sterilizing cabinet sterilizing of high pressure, is first kept for 40 minutes at 70 DEG C, then rise to 121 DEG C, kept for 420 points Clock.Barrel is further taken out when cabinet temperature drop is to 70 DEG C.
(8) it is inoculated with:Transfer room after sterilization is inoculated with, and pricks cave inoculation using 3 points, heap bavin formula is discharged, and heap is high by 10~13 Layer.
(9) bacterium germination:It turns over pile within 10 days after inoculation, bacterium bag is discharged by groined type, it is 8~10 layers high.19 DEG C~21 DEG C of room temperature is cultivated, it is empty Air humidity degree 62%~67%.The acanthopore oxygenation after flower mushroom stick is covered with mycelia, and carry out bacterium cylinder row and dredge.
(10) management of producing mushroom:For bacterium cylinder after the culture of 90~120d, mycelia reaches physiological maturity, in 18 DEG C~20 DEG C of temperature Batch framed bent under environment, the humidity and thermal stimulation then improved by way of water spray in mushroom shed carry out flower bud to bacterium cylinder Fruiting.After mushroom cylinder is buddingged, polyethylene outer bag is sloughed in time, and reservation exempts to cut water-retaining film inner bag.Stronger ventilation and stop after fruiting Water spray makes humidity be reduced to 65%~75% first batch of flower mushroom of promotion and is formed.After first batch of flower mushroom harvesting, stops water spray, carry out Ventilation reduces humidity, allows mycelia restoration ecosystem, and the method for " pat and shy gill fungus " is carried out after 20d and stimulates second batch of flower bud management of producing mushroom, Fruit-body formation is promoted by water-filling method combination thermal stimulation every batch later.
(11) it harvests:Flower mushroom ninety percent can harvest when ripe.
2. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The flower mushroom kind is L808.
3. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The cultivation area selection is in height above sea level For 600~1000 meters of area.
4. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The screening of the outer canopy upper cover of the mushroom shed Screened postive is eight needle sunshade nets, and culture bedstead is erected in mushroom shed.
5. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:What the pack was selected exempts to cut guarantor The specification of moisture film inner bag and polyethylene outer bag is respectively 14.8cm × 54cm and 15.2cm × 55cm, per packed wet feed 1.9kg~ 2.0kg。
6. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The pack and inoculation time are 2 months November to next year.
7. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Bacterium cylinder during the bacterium germination It refers to that bacterium cylinder is discharged bacterium bag by " △ " font that row, which dredges, and heap is 6~7 layers high, and heap is away from 10cm.
8. a kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The temperature difference during management of producing mushroom Stimulation refers to closing on daytime mushroom shed plastic foil, and night opens mushroom shed plastic foil.
CN201611018975.2A 2016-11-18 2016-11-18 A kind of summer flower mushroom cultivation method Pending CN108370824A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111328631A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-06-26 重庆市城口县松坤菌草科技开发有限责任公司 Flower mushroom cultivation method suitable for high-altitude areas
CN114847081A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-05 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 Method for effectively promoting fruiting of two-crop mushrooms in common steel-frame temperature-control greenhouse in winter

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1498525A (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-05-26 彭根相 Technics of dual bags for planting shiitake
CN101663955A (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-10 吴方 Single-layer cutting-free bag flower mushroom cultivation process
CN104381024A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-04 罗源县岐峰山水生态农业农民专业合作社 Planting method of flower mushrooms
CN104838884A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-19 吉林农业大学 Cultivation method for good-quality flower mushrooms
CN105557310A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-05-11 江苏鸿程食用菌科技有限公司 Lentinus edodes cultivation method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1498525A (en) * 2002-11-08 2004-05-26 彭根相 Technics of dual bags for planting shiitake
CN101663955A (en) * 2008-09-03 2010-03-10 吴方 Single-layer cutting-free bag flower mushroom cultivation process
CN104381024A (en) * 2014-12-10 2015-03-04 罗源县岐峰山水生态农业农民专业合作社 Planting method of flower mushrooms
CN104838884A (en) * 2015-04-22 2015-08-19 吉林农业大学 Cultivation method for good-quality flower mushrooms
CN105557310A (en) * 2016-01-04 2016-05-11 江苏鸿程食用菌科技有限公司 Lentinus edodes cultivation method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111328631A (en) * 2020-04-14 2020-06-26 重庆市城口县松坤菌草科技开发有限责任公司 Flower mushroom cultivation method suitable for high-altitude areas
CN114847081A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-08-05 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 Method for effectively promoting fruiting of two-crop mushrooms in common steel-frame temperature-control greenhouse in winter

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Application publication date: 20180807