CN108367991A - 用于制造基于石膏的板的方法以及与其一起使用的灰墁浆料 - Google Patents

用于制造基于石膏的板的方法以及与其一起使用的灰墁浆料 Download PDF

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CN108367991A
CN108367991A CN201680074267.2A CN201680074267A CN108367991A CN 108367991 A CN108367991 A CN 108367991A CN 201680074267 A CN201680074267 A CN 201680074267A CN 108367991 A CN108367991 A CN 108367991A
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gypsum
stucco
weight
mixture
starch
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CN108367991B (zh
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R.莫拉特
J.弗莱彻
R.卡姆勒
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Saint Gobain Placo SAS
BPB Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/14Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by simple casting, the material being neither forcibly fed nor positively compacted
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
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    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
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    • B28B5/026Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
    • B28B5/027Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04CSTRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
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Abstract

用于连续地形成高固着强度的基于石膏的板材的方法包括如下步骤:y形成包括灰墁、未预凝胶化的迁移性淀粉、玻璃纤维和水的混合物;y将所述混合物流延在连续的带上;y将所述带保持在足以使所述灰墁形成互锁的固化石膏基质的条件下;y切割所述带以形成一个或多个湿板材前体;和y将所述湿板材前体干燥以形成一个或多个基于石膏的板材;y所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.7;y所述灰墁以相对于所述混合物的总固体内容物的60重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的3重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的1重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;和所述基于石膏的板材的密度大于700kg/m3

Description

用于制造基于石膏的板的方法以及与其一起使用的灰墁浆料
技术领域
本发明涉及用于制造基于石膏(gypsum)的板(board)的方法以及与其一起使用的灰墁(stucco)浆料。具体地,本发明涉及使用具有低的水规格(water gauge)的灰墁浆料制造基于石膏的板的方法。
背景技术
石膏灰泥板(plasterboard)或墙板典型地包括夹在两个外层衬片(liner)(例如纸衬片)之间的石膏(硫酸钙二水合物)芯层.
这样的板通常是使用熟石膏作为起始材料以连续工艺制造的。熟石膏(也称作灰墁)是已经被加热以赶走所结合水分子的至少一些的硫酸钙二水合物,并且因此主要包括硫酸钙半水合物和在某些情况下还包括一些硫酸钙无水石膏(anhydrite)。
将灰墁与水以及添加剂一起进料到混合器中以产生灰墁浆料,将所述灰墁浆料沉积到在传送带上移动的连续前行的纸衬片上。容许所述浆料铺展在该前行的纸衬片上面,之后将第二个衬片铺设在所述浆料上面以提供具有夹心结构的墙板预成型体的连续带。所述预成型体可经历成形过程以满足期望的厚度。随着所述灰墁浆料的带通过传送带向前移动,灰墁与所述浆料中的水反应以形成硫酸钙二水合物,并且开始固化(set)。当灰墁在生产线中达到充分地进行了固化过程的点,则切下灰墁带的段并且送去干燥。
在石膏墙板的制造中至关重要的参数是灰墁浆料的水规格(即,水对灰墁质量比)。所述浆料的水含量显著地超过使灰墁形成硫酸钙二水合物所需要的水含量。需要该另外的水来提供具有足够流动性的灰墁浆料以容许所述浆料在其被沉积到墙板衬片上时均匀地铺展。
以此方式制造的灰泥板板材(panel)常用于提供建筑物内的隔板(partition)。对于该应用而言它们的优点包括如下事实:它们轻并且安装起来快。然而,在某些情况下,灰泥板板材可具有如下缺点:它们未结实到足以支承固定设施(fixture)(例如洗涤盆、电视机、暖气片、灭火器、架子和需要附着至所述板材的任何其它物品)。在这样的情况下,所述固定设施的重量可导致固着(fixing)工具(例如螺钉)从所述板材拔出,使得所述固定设施从所述隔板脱离。
典型地,该问题一直通过如下而解决:提供胶合板片材来提高所述板材的固着强度。在此情况下,将所述胶合板片材固着至所述板材的支承框架,并且随后将灰泥板固定(affix)至所述胶合板片材,使得所述胶合板片材被提供在所述板材的与其上安置所述固定设施的侧相反的侧上。所述胶合板片材可提供对于保持用于将所述固定设施紧固(secure)至所述板材的一个或多个固着工具(例如螺钉)而言提高的强度。典型地,将所述胶合板片材安置在隔板框架内,然后将灰泥板固着至所述胶合板,使得其位于隔板框架外部。
作为一种替代方案,可提供金属支承工具。这些可包括固着板(plate)、槽、条、或金属紧固件。如胶合板片材的情况那样,所述金属支承工具通常被安置在所述板材的与所述固定设施将被紧固至的侧相反的侧上,并且起到接收和紧固用于将所述固定设施附着至所述板材的固着工具例如固着螺钉的作用。
这两种布置均具有如下缺点:它们需要现场进行额外的安装动作来紧固所述板材和所述另外的支承部件。而且,当使用金属支承工具时,可需要多个这样的支承工具来支承将所述固定设施紧固至所述板材所需要的全套固着工具。因此,安装过程可为耗时且昂贵的。
此外,金属支承工具或胶合板片材的加入使所述隔板的重量和厚度增加,和/或导致空心墙空间的减少。通常,所述胶合板本身必须在现场切割到规定尺寸,从而增加了安装所需要的时间并且可能导致粉尘和潜在有害的成分的释放。
已发现,通过在灰泥板中包括相对高水平(浓度、含量,level)的聚合物添加剂(例如淀粉)、以及纤维(例如玻璃纤维),可实现固着强度的显著改善。
然而,认为,灰墁浆料中聚合物(特别是淀粉)和纤维添加剂的存在导致降低的浆料流动性,除非提高浆料的水规格。
发明内容
令人惊讶地,已经发现,包含淀粉和纤维添加剂的灰墁浆料即使在显著低于之前所考虑的水规格下也可用于基于石膏的板的连续制造。
这具有许多优点,特别是对于基于石膏的板的干燥。较低的水规格辅助干燥,因为其容许干燥时间和/或温度的降低。这对于包含高水平的淀粉的基于石膏的板而言是尤其有利的,因为淀粉往往具有强的对水的亲和性,从而通常倾向于增加干燥所需要的时间和/或能量,这可进而导致例如所述板的燃烧和/或所述板较低的机械性能的问题。
灰泥板制造中使用的淀粉可为迁移性的(migratory)或非迁移性的。这些术语指的是在所述板的干燥期间淀粉在所述板中扩散(disperse)的能力。迁移性淀粉具有如下优点:其能够穿过石膏芯而行进至与所述板的衬片的界面,在所述界面处其可起到将所述衬片粘合至所述芯的胶的作用和/或保护所述板不燃烧。然而,迁移性淀粉从所述石膏芯扩散出来的倾向意味着,较少的淀粉可用在所述芯内以提高所述芯的强度。
令人惊讶地,已经发现,在淀粉为迁移性淀粉的情况下,使用低的水规格是特别有益的,因为其被认为容许更大地控制所述淀粉穿过石膏芯的移动。即,通过降低水规格,所述淀粉从石膏芯向外扩散出来的倾向可受到限制,使得可在将淀粉供应至芯/衬片界面的要求和将淀粉保持在石膏芯内以改善强度的要求之间实现改善的平衡。通过控制到达石膏芯与衬片之间的界面的淀粉的量,还可减小淀粉堵塞板表面处的孔网络和阻碍干燥过程的倾向。
因此,在第一方面中,本发明可提供用于连续地形成基于石膏的板材的方法,其包括:
形成包括灰墁、迁移性淀粉、玻璃纤维和水的混合物;
将所述混合物流延在连续的带上;
将所述带保持在足以使所述灰墁形成互锁的固化石膏基质的条件下;
切割所述带以形成一个或多个湿板材前体;和
将所述湿板材前体干燥以形成一个或多个基于石膏的板材;
其中在所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.7;
所述灰墁以相对于所述混合物的总固体内容物的60重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;
所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的3重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;
所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的1重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;和
所述基于石膏的板材的密度大于700kg/m3
迁移性淀粉为已经通过例如如下而改性的未蒸煮的淀粉:酸解(acid-thinning)、热分解、或者氧化以将淀粉分子通过水解切断,使得淀粉的分子链长度减小。术语“迁移性淀粉”排除,例如,被特别地改性以降低迁移性特性的预凝胶化的淀粉。
典型地,所述浆料中的水对灰墁的比率小于0.65、优选地小于0.60、更优选地小于0.55。通常,所述浆料中的水对灰墁的比率大于0.4。
通常,所述灰墁以相对于所述混合物的总固体内容物的70重量%以上、在某些情况下80重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中。
典型地,所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的4重量%以上、在某些情况下5重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中。
在某些情况下,所述基于石膏的板材的密度大于800kg/m3
典型地,所述低的水对灰墁的比率是通过向所述浆料添加流化剂例如基于聚羧酸盐(polycarboxylate)的流化剂、磷酸酯(phosphate)缩聚物(优选地,包括侧链的磷酸酯缩聚物)和/或基于萘磺酸盐(naphthalenesulphonate)的流化剂而实现的。所述流化剂典型地以相对于所述灰墁的至少0.10重量%、优选地至少0.20重量%、更优选地至少0.50重量%的量存在。
用于获得低的水规格的其它手段可为使所述灰墁在煅烧之后和在所述灰墁浆料形成之前经历调理(conditioning)处理。所述调理处理包括将熟石膏退火以减少微裂纹数量的步骤。所述调理处理可包括如下步骤:将所述灰墁在升高的温度和/或压力下暴露于水蒸气(例如,可将所述灰墁在100℃以上的温度下暴露于至少70%的相对湿度)。作为一种替代方案,所述调理处理可包括将所述灰墁在少量水或水溶液的存在下研磨。
因此,在某些情况下,所述方法进一步包括将流化剂包括在所述混合物内和/或使用已经经历调理处理的灰墁。
在某些情况下,所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁至少1.5重量%、优选地至少2重量%的量存在。
典型地,所述玻璃纤维具有在范围3-12mm内的平均长度。
通常,所述玻璃纤维具有在范围5-50微米内的平均直径。
在第二方面中,本发明可提供在用于制备具有至少700kg/m3的密度的基于石膏的板材的连续方法中使用的灰墁浆料,所述浆料包括:
灰墁、未预凝胶化的迁移性淀粉、玻璃纤维和水;
其中所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.7;
所述灰墁以相对于所述浆料的总固体内容物的60重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中;
所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的3重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中;
所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的1重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中。
在某些情况下,所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的至少1.5重量%、优选地至少2重量%的量存在。
本发明第二方面的浆料可具有一个或多个任选的、在本发明第一方面的方法中形成的浆料的特征,无论是单独还是组合地考虑。
所述用于制造石膏板材的浆料的水规格可通过检查存在于所述板材中的孔而测定。典型地,孔可表征为空气空隙(即,它们产生于(例如通过将泡沫添加至浆料)在浆料中引入空气)或者水空隙(即,它们产生于存在于浆料中的过量的水的蒸发。过量的水指的是浆料中的水的超过将灰墁颗粒再水合所需要的水的部分)。
典型地,空气空隙具有圆形的形状(例如,它们可具有椭圆形横截面)并且还通常与其它空气空隙分离并且因此通常是不连续的。通常,空气空隙具有大于10微米且常常大于15微米的直径。
典型地,水空隙是形状不规则的,而且与其它水空隙连接,从而在固化的石膏晶体之间的通常连续的网络中形成不规则的通道。通常,水空隙的最大尺寸(维度,dimension)小于7微米、更经常地小于5微米。
因此,在第三方面中,本发明可提供具有大于1m的最大维度(尺寸,dimension)的板材,所述板材具有基于石膏的芯,所述芯包括其中嵌入有如下的石膏基质:相对于所述石膏的至少3重量%的量的淀粉和相对于所述石膏的至少1重量%的玻璃纤维,
其中所述基于石膏的芯的密度大于700kg/m3,和在所述基于石膏的芯中的石膏的量大于60重量%,
和进一步地,其中在所述板材芯中,水空隙的总体积小于石膏的总体积。
典型地,在所述板材芯中,水空隙的总体积为石膏的总体积的小于90%、优选地小于80%、更优选地小于70%。
优选地,所述淀粉为迁移性淀粉。
水空隙的总体积可从板材截面的扫描电子显微照片测定。所述板材芯中的石膏的总体积(即,不包括孔的石膏的真实体积)可通过所述板材芯的截面的能量色散x-射线分析(EDAX)而测定。
本发明第三方面的板材可引入本发明第一方面的方法中形成的浆料的一个或多个特征,无论是单独还是组合地考虑。
具体实施方式
现在将仅通过实例描述本发明。
由根据表1中阐述的配方的灰墁浆料制备具有12kg/m2的重量的基于石膏的板。各成分的量是作为相对于灰墁量的百分比给出的。将浆料流延为铺设第一纸衬片的连续带。将第二纸衬片铺设在所沉积的浆料上。
容许石膏固化并且将其切割成段,然后将所述段干燥以形成基于石膏的板。
对已经在23℃的温度和50%的相对湿度下调理的尺寸为100mm乘100mm的样品进行螺钉拔出试验。将50mm单螺纹木螺钉穿过安置在所述样品的表面上的金属负荷传递元件而插入到所述样品中。所述负荷传递元件具有配置成位于螺钉头与样品表面之间的第一部分、和配置成与试验机接合以容许将负荷沿着所述螺钉的轴施加至所述螺钉的第二部分。
然后将所述试样安装在Zwick Universal Testing Machine中并且沿着所述螺钉的轴向所述螺钉施加10N的预负荷。随后,通过设置10mm/分钟的恒定十字头速度而提高负荷,直至实现拔出。
结果示于表1中。这些为各自从16个样品所取的平均值。
可看到,螺钉拔出强度随着水规格降低而增加。这被认为是由于如下事实引起的:在以更低的水规格制备的板中淀粉更均匀地分布,即,淀粉具有更低的迁移至板表面的倾向。

Claims (12)

1.用于连续地形成基于石膏的板材的方法,其包括:
形成包括灰墁、迁移性淀粉、玻璃纤维和水的混合物;
将所述混合物流延在连续的带上;
将所述带保持在足以使所述灰墁形成互锁的固化石膏基质的条件下;
切割所述带以形成一个或多个湿板材前体;和
将所述湿板材前体干燥以形成一个或多个基于石膏的板材;
其中在所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.7;
所述灰墁以相对于所述混合物的总固体内容物的60重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;
所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的3重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;
所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的1重量%以上的量存在于所述混合物中;和
所述基于石膏的板材的密度大于700kg/m3
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中在所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.65、优选地小于0.6、更优选地小于0.55。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2的方法,其中所述混合物另外包括流化剂。
4.根据权利要求3的方法,其中所述流化剂为如下之一:基于聚羧酸盐的流化剂、磷酸酯缩聚物流化剂、和基于萘磺酸盐的流化剂。
5.根据权利要求3或权利要求4的方法,其中所述流化剂以相对于所述灰墁的至少0.1重量%的量存在。
6.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其进一步包括在形成混合物的步骤之前的如下步骤:通过使所述灰墁经历退火处理而调理所述灰墁以减少所述灰墁中的微裂纹程度。
7.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其中所述玻璃纤维具有在范围3-12mm内的平均长度。
8.根据权利要求7的方法,其中所述玻璃纤维具有在范围5-50微米内的平均直径。
9.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其中所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的至少5重量%的量存在。
10.根据前述权利要求任一项的方法,其中所述淀粉为酸解淀粉或者氧化淀粉。
11.在用于制备具有至少700kg/m3的密度的基于石膏的板材的连续方法中使用的灰墁浆料,所述浆料包括:
灰墁、未预凝胶化的迁移性淀粉、玻璃纤维和水;
其中在所述混合物中水对灰墁的重量比小于0.7;
所述灰墁以相对于所述浆料的总固体内容物的60重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中;
所述淀粉以相对于所述灰墁的3重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中;
所述玻璃纤维以相对于所述灰墁的1重量%以上的量存在于所述浆料中。
12.板材,其具有基于石膏的芯,所述芯包括其中嵌入有如下的石膏基质:相对于所述石膏的至少3重量%的量的未预凝胶化的迁移性淀粉和相对于所述石膏的至少1重量%的量的玻璃纤维,所述板材具有大于1m的最大维度,
其中所述基于石膏的芯的密度大于700kg/m3,和在所述基于石膏的芯中石膏的量大于60重量%,
和进一步地其中在所述基于石膏的芯中的水空隙的总体积小于在所述板材芯中的石膏的总体积。
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EP3393997A1 (en) 2018-10-31
UA122917C2 (uk) 2021-01-20
CU20180057A7 (es) 2019-03-04
CA3008773A1 (en) 2017-06-29
EP3393997B1 (en) 2020-02-05
CN108367991B (zh) 2020-11-03
US11220461B2 (en) 2022-01-11
RU2719871C2 (ru) 2020-04-23
HUE048593T2 (hu) 2020-07-28
SA518391789B1 (ar) 2021-03-29
PL3393997T3 (pl) 2020-07-13
JP2019509188A (ja) 2019-04-04
ES2784372T3 (es) 2020-09-24
US10683235B2 (en) 2020-06-16
TN2018000199A1 (en) 2019-10-04
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PH12018501273A1 (en) 2019-01-28
GB201522664D0 (en) 2016-02-03
CA3008773C (en) 2021-03-23
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IL259626A (en) 2018-07-31
KR20180095673A (ko) 2018-08-27

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