CN108330678B - 一种丝绸的保养方法 - Google Patents
一种丝绸的保养方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡;(2)放入保养液中浸泡,所述保养液由如下组分制成:防皱剂,硫酸铝,柔软剂,防紫外线整理剂,过氧化氢二异丙苯,丙酮酸乙酯,三乙醇胺,酒石酸,柠檬汁,余量为水;(3)汽蒸;(4)干燥;(5)水中浸泡;(6)水洗后,鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。通过各步骤处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,丝绸不易褪色、变黄,手感柔软舒适,垂感强,并且具有很好的抗紫外线的作用,保养后的丝绸耐水洗,各方面的性能保持时间长。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及面料的保养方法,具体涉及一种丝绸的保养方法。
背景技术
蚕丝是天然的动物蛋白质纤维,富含18种人体所需的氨基酸,主要由丝素蛋白和丝胶蛋白组成,是丝绸织造最主要的原料。蚕丝具有吸湿、保暖、透气等优点,其触感光滑、柔软、冬暖夏凉,有很好的延伸性,较好的耐热性。丝绸面料的织物,不但能防止紫外线的辐射、防御有害气体侵入、抵抗有害细菌,而且还能增强体表皮肤细胞的活力,促进皮肤细胞的新陈代谢,同时对某些皮肤病有良好的辅助治疗作用,所以丝绸织物广受消费者的喜爱。
丝绸面料在使用过程中会伴随有起皱、褪色、变黄、垂感度下降、断裂强力下降等问题,因此丝绸在制造过程中通常会进行保养处理后使用,以及在丝绸的使用过程中会定期对丝绸进行再保养。
起皱是丝绸在储存和使用过程中常遇到的问题。起皱是由于真丝纤维的蛋白质分子之间不存在化学交联,只有氢键、盐式键等键合作用,并且其无定形区高达50%。当这些无定形区受到水分子或其他溶剂分子的作用时,这些键易受破坏,削弱了蛋白质分子链之间的作用力,从而造成纤维分子链之间在外力作用下容易发生相对滑移和变形。当水分子或其他溶剂作用去除之后,大分子之间没有足够的约束力使其回到原来的位置,当此变化是一个不可逆的过程时,表现在真丝织物上就是缩水和起皱。
目前,丝绸的防皱方法通常是使用防皱整理剂进行防皱,主要使用的几类防皱整理剂有甲醛树脂防皱整理剂、低甲醛树脂防皱整理剂和无甲醛树脂防皱整理剂。其中,甲醛树脂防皱整理剂整理效果较好,成本也低,但存在整理后丝绸泛黄、变色以及生产加工过程中释放大量甲醛等问题,现在这类整理剂已逐步被淘汰。低甲醛树脂防皱整理剂是目前国内大部分丝绸厂都采用的方法,但是含甲醛整理剂及其整理工艺固有的缺点并没有被克服。无甲醛防皱整理剂,主要有:环氧树脂类防皱整理剂,品种少,价格贵,具有挥发性和毒性,多数都影响丝绸织物的手感和悬垂性,但整理后真丝织物的强力、白度以及抗皱性能均较理想;聚氨酯类:虽然能提高真丝织物的弹性,但是也影响真丝织物的手感和白度,并且不耐高温;乙二醛:是一种价廉易得的非甲醛试剂,在一些助剂的配合下,乙二醛能显著改善真丝织物的干折皱回复角,但是湿折皱回复角尚需进一步改善;多元羧酸类:丁基四羧酸(BTCA)虽然防皱效果堪与2D树脂相媲美,甚至某些指标超过2D树脂,但是成本大约为2D树脂的10倍,并且使用的次磷酸盐还具有还原性,易导致染色织物变色,污染环境。另外为了使丁基四羧酸形成酸酐分子,往往需要高温(约170℃)焙烘,从而会影响真丝织物的手感和悬垂性。真丝织物以柠檬酸(CA)整理后,耐洗牢度差,强力下降显著,而且泛黄。
除了上述关于丝绸的起皱问题,目前对于丝绸的褪色、变黄、垂感度下降、断裂强力下降、如何防霉抗菌、如何防蛀等问题,未发现有较全面、效果显著的解决方法。
目前紫外线辐射强度不断增大,对人类产生很大的影响,特别是在夏天,紫外线对于人体的直接照射,对皮肤的伤害非常大,因此很多纺织厂已经开始研制具有抗紫外线性能的纺织品。虽然现在市面上有很多种抗紫外线剂,并且已被运用到丝织品中,但是经过水洗或干洗后,容易减少,丝织品的防紫外线作用则会减弱甚至消失,并且经过抗紫外线处理剂处理后的纺织品的手感、外观受到的影响较大。丝绸面料具有很特殊的结构和特质,很多的抗紫外线剂并不适用,甚至有些抗紫外线剂还会分解丝绸面料中的蚕丝,降低丝绸织物的耐久性和耐洗性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是根据丝绸独有的特性,提供一种丝绸的保养方法,通过各步骤处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,丝绸不易褪色、变黄,手感柔软舒适,垂感强,并且具有很好的抗紫外线的作用,保养后的丝绸耐水洗,各方面的性能保持时间长。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:30-40,浸泡温度为30-35℃,浸泡时间为20-30min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为40-50%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂0.5-8%,硫酸铝0.8-1.2%,柔软剂3-5%,防紫外线整理剂0.8-5%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.5-0.8%,丙酮酸乙酯0.2-0.5%,三乙醇胺0.3-0.6%,酒石酸0.3-0.5%,柠檬汁0.1-0.5%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70-80℃,湿度为60-70%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10-15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于85-110℃的温度中干燥8-15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡30-50min;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于80-90℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85-90℃、质量分数为15%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解15-20min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入NaOH碱液进行水解,NaOH碱液的浓度为0.4-0.6mol/L,水解时间为40-50min,水解温度为60-70℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入醋酸,调节水解溶液pH为6.8-7.2得到防皱剂。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述柔软剂为端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液、太古油、磺化油中的一种或几种。
进一步的,步骤(2)中,所述防紫外线整理剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛20-30份,明矾粉4-6份,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯20-30份,聚丙烯酰胺1-2份。
进一步的,步骤(4)中,所述干燥为分段干燥,先将丝绸在85℃温度环境中干燥6min,再在109℃温度环境中干燥4min。
进一步的,步骤(5)中,所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至60-80℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂。
进一步的,所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.3-0.5:0.1-0.2:100。本步骤能调节色泽以及提高丝绸的抗变色性能。
进一步的,所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂7%,硫酸铝1%,柔软剂4%,防紫外线整理剂1%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.6%,丙酮酸乙酯0.3%,三乙醇胺0.4%,酒石酸0.4%,柠檬汁0.3%,余量为水。
进一步的,所述丝绸是使用了三年以上的丝绸。本保养方法对于使用过的,有一定年限的丝绸效果更佳。
有益效果:
通过本发明各步骤处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,能很好的改善丝绸的干折皱回复角和湿折皱回复角,整理后丝绸的干、湿折皱回复角分别提高达56°和64°,并且处理后的丝绸无甲醛残留,处理过程条件温和,不损伤丝绸纤维,对于丝绸色泽和手感基本无影响,防皱处理作用持久,耐水洗。使用本发明的防皱处理方法处理后的丝绸面料具有轻薄、平整光洁、手感柔软,能很好的保留蚕丝富含的氨基酸及保持蚕丝蛋白的生物活性。
本发明处理后的丝绸不易褪色、变黄,手感柔软舒适,垂感强,并且具有很好的抗紫外线的作用,保养后的丝绸耐水洗,各方面的性能保持时间长。
本发明添加的含有纳米二氧化钛、明矾粉、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和聚丙烯酰胺的防紫外线整理,除了可以增进丝绸的日光牢度,还可使丝绸纤维免于遭受阳光紫外线的伤害,延长纤维寿命。
本发明通过浸泡-汽蒸-干燥-浸泡等过程,在各步骤均设置了相应适宜的工艺参数,能够使各处理剂及成分在各步骤中更充分发挥各自的效果,使处理后的丝绸的效果更好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡4min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:35,浸泡温度为32℃,浸泡时间为25min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为45%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂7%,硫酸铝1%,柔软剂4%,防紫外线整理剂1%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.6%,丙酮酸乙酯0.3%,三乙醇胺0.4%,酒石酸0.4%,柠檬汁0.3%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为88℃、质量分数为15%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解16min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入NaOH碱液进行水解,NaOH碱液的浓度为0.5mol/L,水解时间为45min,水解温度为65℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入醋酸,调节水解溶液pH为6.9-7.0得到防皱剂。
所述柔软剂由质量比为1:2的端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液与磺化油组成。
所述防紫外线整理剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛24份,明矾粉5份,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯26份,聚丙烯酰胺1.5份。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为75℃,湿度为65%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为13分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸分段干燥,先将丝绸在85℃温度环境中干燥6min,再在109℃温度环境中干燥4min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡30-50min;所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至60-80℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂,所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.4:0.1:100。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于85℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例2
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:30,浸泡温度为35℃,浸泡时间为20min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为50%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂8%,硫酸铝0.8%,柔软剂5%,防紫外线整理剂2.0%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.5%,丙酮酸乙酯0.5%,三乙醇胺0.3%,酒石酸0.5%,柠檬汁0.5%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85℃、质量分数为15%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解20min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入NaOH碱液进行水解,NaOH碱液的浓度为0.4mol/L,水解时间为50min,水解温度为60℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入醋酸,调节水解溶液pH为6.8得到防皱剂。
所述柔软剂为端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液。
所述防紫外线整理剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛20份,明矾粉4份,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯20份,聚丙烯酰胺1份。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为80℃,湿度为70%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于85℃的温度中干燥15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡30min;所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至80℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂,所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.3:0.2:100。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于80℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例3
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:40,浸泡温度为35℃,浸泡时间为30min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为40%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂6%,硫酸铝1.2%,柔软剂3%,防紫外线整理剂3%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.8%,丙酮酸乙酯0.2%,三乙醇胺0.6%,酒石酸0.3%,柠檬汁0.1%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为90℃、质量分数为15%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解15min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入NaOH碱液进行水解,NaOH碱液的浓度为0.6mol/L,水解时间为40min,水解温度为70℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入醋酸,调节水解溶液pH为7.2得到防皱剂。
所述柔软剂为磺化油。
所述防紫外线整理剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛30份,明矾粉6份,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯30份,聚丙烯酰胺2份。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70℃,湿度为60%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于110℃的温度中干燥8min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡50min;所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至60℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂,所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.5:0.1:100。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于90℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例4
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:35,浸泡温度为33℃,浸泡时间为26min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为45%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂(市购织物防皱整理剂)0.8%,硫酸铝1.1%,柔软剂(市购)4.5%,防紫外线整理剂(市购)4%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.7%,丙酮酸乙酯0.3%,三乙醇胺0.5%,酒石酸0.4%,柠檬汁0.3%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为75℃,湿度为65%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为12分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于100℃的温度中干燥10min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡40min;所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至70℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂,所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.4:0.1:100。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于85℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例5
一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡4min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:35,浸泡温度为32℃,浸泡时间为25min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为50%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂(市购)0.5%,硫酸铝1.2%,柔软剂(市购)5%,防紫外线整理剂(市购)5%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.8%,丙酮酸乙酯0.5%,三乙醇胺0.5%,酒石酸0.5%,柠檬汁0.4%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为75℃,湿度为70%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为14分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于95℃的温度中干燥11min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡40min;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于85℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
将使用了五年的素绉缎用实施例1-5的处理方法进行保养处理后,再进行性能比较,数据见表1。
表1
项目 | 空白组 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
干折皱回复角(°) | 218.9 | 275.3 | 274.6 | 274.0 | 251.2 | 240.7 |
湿折皱回复角(°) | 116.0 | 180.5 | 178.7 | 177.9 | 165.3 | 144.2 |
悬垂系数(%) | 27.6 | 29.4 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 28.2 | 28.0 |
断裂强力(N) | 441 | 438 | 439 | 435 | 389 | 381 |
UPF值 | 5.89 | 88.12 | 89.34 | 88.91 | 25.99 | 33.86 |
注:1.空白组为未进行任何处理的素绉缎;2.UPF值:按照欧盟纺织品日光紫外线防护性能标准RrEN13758,采用UV-1000F型紫外线透射率分析仪,测定波长250-450nm的防紫外系数UPF。
由表1可以看出,经实施例1-5的保养处理后的丝绸,抗皱性能都有明显地提高,并且处理后的丝绸仍保持滑爽柔软、悬垂性好的特性。由实施例1与实施例4、实施例5的数据比较可以看出,在抗皱性方面,本发明配置的防皱剂和柔软剂对防皱性能有较大影响。通过本发明各步骤的配合,能够显著提高丝绸的干折皱回复角以及湿折皱回复角。本发明的防皱剂,通过各组分的相互配合,能够与丝绸中的蚕丝纤维分子结合,在蚕丝纤维微隙处的分子之间能起到架桥作用,增加了分子间或纤维间结合力,并且比较稳定,提高了丝绸的抗皱性以及耐洗性能。经试验,经实施例1处理后的丝绸,在洗涤30次后,干折皱回复角还能保持在253°,湿折皱回复角还能保持在160°。从悬垂系数和断裂强力数据可以看出,本发明的保养方法还能保持丝绸有较高的悬垂感及断裂强力,保证丝绸在经过保养处理后还能保持各方面性能在良好的状态。从UPF值看,UPF值越大,紫外线防护效果越好,通过各组数据对比可知,使用本发明的保养方法进行保养后,丝绸具有较高的UPF值,防紫外线效果好,而直接从市场上购买的防紫外线整理剂的使用,明显比本发明使用纳米二氧化钛、明矾粉、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯和聚丙烯酰胺进行配置的防紫外线整理剂的效果差很多。
在试验过程中,还做了实施例1和实施例5的白度测试,实施例1处理后的丝绸白度为70.6%,而实施例5处理后的丝绸白度为58.1%,说明使用本发明的保养方法进行保养,通过各步骤以及硼砂、明矾的相互配合,能够保持较高的白度,解决保养处理后丝绸白度不足的问题,使丝绸保持良好的色泽及外观。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限制本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可做些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种丝绸的保养方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入保养液中浸泡,浴比1:30-40,浸泡温度为30-35℃,浸泡时间为20-30min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为40-50%;
所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂0.5-8%,硫酸铝0.8-1.2%,柔软剂3-5%,防紫外线整理剂0.8-5%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.5-0.8%,丙酮酸乙酯0.2-0.5%,三乙醇胺0.3-0.6%,酒石酸0.3-0.5%,柠檬汁0.1-0.5%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85-90℃、质量分数为15%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解15-20min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入NaOH碱液进行水解,NaOH碱液的浓度为0.4-0.6mol/L,水解时间为40-50min,水解温度为60-70℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入醋酸,调节水解溶液pH为6.8-7.2得到防皱剂;
所述防紫外线整理剂由以下重量份数的原料制成:纳米二氧化钛20-30份,明矾粉4-6份,聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯20-30份,聚丙烯酰胺1-2份;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70-80℃,湿度为60-70%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10-15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于85-110℃的温度中干燥8-15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入水中浸泡30-50min;所述水是经过如下处理再使用:将水加热至60-80℃,然后加入明矾,混合均匀,冷却后再加入硼砂;所述各组分的质量比为明矾:硼砂:水=0.3-0.5:0.1-0.2:100;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于80-90℃的温度下鼓风烘干,自然冷却即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的保养方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述柔软剂为端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液、磺化油中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的保养方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述干燥为分段干燥,先将丝绸在85℃温度环境中干燥6min,再在109℃温度环境中干燥4min。
4.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的保养方法,其特征在于:所述保养液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂7%,硫酸铝1%,柔软剂4%,防紫外线整理剂1%,过氧化氢二异丙苯0.6%,丙酮酸乙酯0.3%,三乙醇胺0.4%,酒石酸0.4%,柠檬汁0.3%,余量为水。
5.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的保养方法,其特征在于:所述丝绸是使用了三年以上的丝绸。
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