CN108342898B - 一种丝绸的防皱处理方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明为一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,公开了一种丝绸的保养方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡;(2)放入防皱保护液中浸泡,所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂0.5‑5%,硫酸铝0.8‑1.2%,柔软剂3‑5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.5‑1%,三乙醇胺0.3‑0.6%,余量为水;(3)置于温度为70‑90℃,湿度为50‑60%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸;(4)置于90‑120℃的温度中干燥10‑15min;(5)放入醋水中浸泡20‑30min;(6)进行水洗后,烘干,自然冷却即可。本方法处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,并且无甲醛残留,不损伤丝绸,对于丝绸色泽和手感基本无影响,防皱处理作用持久。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及面料的保养方法,具体涉及一种丝绸的防皱处理方法。
背景技术
蚕丝是天然的动物蛋白质纤维,富含18种人体所需的氨基酸,主要由丝素蛋白和丝胶蛋白组成,是丝绸织造最主要的原料。蚕丝具有吸湿、保暖、透气等优点,其触感光滑、柔软、冬暖夏凉,有很好的延伸性,较好的耐热性。丝绸面料的织物,不但能防止紫外线的辐射、防御有害气体侵入、抵抗有害细菌,而且还能增强体表皮肤细胞的活力,促进皮肤细胞的新陈代谢,同时对某些皮肤病有良好的辅助治疗作用,所以丝绸织物广受消费者的喜爱。
起皱是丝绸在储存和使用过程中常遇到的问题。起皱是由于真丝纤维的蛋白质分子之间不存在化学交联,只有氢键、盐式键等键合作用,并且其无定形区高达50%。当这些无定形区受到水分子或其他溶剂分子的作用时,这些键易受破坏,削弱了蛋白质分子链之间的作用力,从而造成纤维分子链之间在外力作用下容易发生相对滑移和变形。当水分子或其他溶剂作用去除之后,大分子之间没有足够的约束力使其回到原来的位置,当此变化是一个不可逆的过程时,表现在真丝织物上就是缩水和起皱。
目前,丝绸的防皱方法通常是使用防皱整理剂进行防皱,主要使用的几类防皱整理剂有:
(一)甲醛树脂防皱整理剂,虽然整理效果较好,成本也低,但存在整理后丝绸泛黄、变色以及生产加工过程中释放大量甲醛等问题,现在这类整理剂已逐步被淘汰。
(二)低甲醛树脂防皱整理剂,为降低整理过程中甲醛的释放量和织物上游离甲醛含量,在整理剂中加人甲醛捕捉剂如碳酰肼,改进催化系统,添加多元酸,或对含甲醛树脂进行醚化处理。另外,在整理加工过程中强化水洗和皂洗,以及让整理后织物通过蒸汽处理等也可以显著降低甲醛释放,目前国内丝绸厂基本都采用此种方法,但是含甲醛整理剂及其整理工艺固有的缺点并没有被克服。
(三)无甲醛防皱整理剂,主要有如下四种:
(1)环氧树脂类防皱整理剂:品种少,价格贵,具有挥发性和毒性,多数都影响丝绸织物的手感和悬垂性,但整理后真丝织物的强力、白度以及抗皱性能均较理想。
(2)聚氨酯类:虽然能提高真丝织物的弹性,但是也影响真丝织物的手感和白度,并且不耐高温。
(3)乙二醛:是一种价廉易得的非甲醛试剂,在棉织物防皱整理的研究中已取得成功。一般认为乙二醛可与丝素中的羟基和氨基酸产生交联分别形成半缩醛式和胺醇式结构,因而能改善真丝织物的抗皱性。在一些助剂的配合下,乙二醛能显著改善真丝织物的干折皱回复角,但是湿折皱回复角尚需进一步改善。
(4)多元羧酸类:丁基四羧酸(BTCA)虽然防皱效果堪与2D树脂相媲美,甚至某些指标超过2D树脂,但是成本大约为2D树脂的10倍,并且使用的次磷酸盐还具有还原性,易导致染色织物变色,污染环境。另外为了使丁基四羧酸形成酸酐分子,往往需要高温(约170℃)焙烘,从而会影响真丝织物的手感和悬垂性。真丝织物以柠檬酸(CA)整理后,耐洗牢度差,强力下降显著,而且泛黄。
发明内容
本发明的目的是根据丝绸独有的特性,提供一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,通过各步骤处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,能很好的改善丝绸的干折皱回复角和湿折皱回复角,并且处理后的丝绸无甲醛残留,处理过程条件温和,不损伤丝绸纤维,对于丝绸色泽和手感基本无影响,防皱处理作用持久。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:20-40,浸泡温度为30-40℃,浸泡时间为40-60min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为50-60%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂0.5-5%,硫酸铝0.8-1.2%,柔软剂3-5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.5-1%,三乙醇胺0.3-0.6%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70-90℃,湿度为50-60%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10-20分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于90-120℃的温度中干燥10-15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡20-30min;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于95-105℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85-90℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解20-30min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为20-25mol/L,水解时间为160-180min,水解温度为60-65℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为6.8-7.2,再加入活性碳,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的3-7%,5-10min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂3%,硫酸铝1.1%,柔软剂3.5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.7%,三乙醇胺0.5%,余量为水;
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(2)中,所述柔软剂为端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液、太古油、磺化油中的一种或几种。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(4)中,所述干燥为分段干燥,先将丝绸在90℃温度环境中干燥8min,再在110℃温度环境中干燥5min。
上述技术方案,作为优选,步骤(5)中,所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:5-8。
上述技术方案,作为优选,所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:15-20。
上述技术方案,作为优选,所述丝绸是使用了一年以上的丝绸。
有益效果:
通过本发明各步骤处理后的丝绸防皱效果好,能很好的改善丝绸的干折皱回复角和湿折皱回复角,整理后丝绸的干、湿折皱回复角分别提高达59°和68°,并且处理后的丝绸无甲醛残留,处理过程条件温和,不损伤丝绸纤维,对于丝绸色泽和手感基本无影响,防皱处理作用持久,耐水洗。使用本发明的防皱处理方法处理后的丝绸面料具有轻薄、平整光洁、手感柔软,能很好的保留蚕丝富含的氨基酸及保持蚕丝蛋白的生物活性,对人体具有一定的保健作用。通过浸泡-汽蒸-干燥-浸泡等过程,在各步骤均设置了相应适宜的工艺参数,能够使各处理剂及成分在各步骤中更充分发挥各自的效果,使处理后的丝绸的防皱效果更好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡4min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:30,浸泡温度为35℃,浸泡时间为50min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为55%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂3%,硫酸铝1.1%,柔软剂(重量比为1:1:2的端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液、太古油、磺化油)3.5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.7%,三乙醇胺0.5%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为88℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解26min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为22mol/L,水解时间为170min,水解温度为63℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为7.0,再加入活性碳,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的5%,7min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为80℃,湿度为55%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸先在90℃温度环境中干燥8min,再在110℃温度环境中干燥5min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡25min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:6,所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:18;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于98℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例2
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:20,浸泡温度为30℃,浸泡时间为60min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为50%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂2.5%,硫酸铝0.8%,柔软剂(端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液)3%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺1%,三乙醇胺0.6%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解30min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为20mol/L,水解时间为180min,水解温度为65℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为6.8,再加入活性碳,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的3%,10min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70℃,湿度为60%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为20分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于90℃的温度中干燥15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡30min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:5。所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:20。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于95℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例3
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:40,浸泡温度为40℃,浸泡时间为40min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为60%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂4%,硫酸铝1.2%,柔软剂(任意比例的太古油和磺化油)5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.5%,三乙醇胺0.3%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为90℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解20min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为25mol/L,水解时间为160min,水解温度为60℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为7.2,再加入活性碳,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的3%,10min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为90℃,湿度为50%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于120℃的温度中干燥10min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡20min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:8。所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:20。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于105℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例4
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡4min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:35,浸泡温度为35℃,浸泡时间为45min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为56%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂5%,硫酸铝0.9%,柔软剂(磺化油)4%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.8%,三乙醇胺0.4%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为87℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解22min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为23mol/L,水解时间为170min,水解温度为62℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为6.9,再加入活性碳,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的6%,7min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂。
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为85℃,湿度为55%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于100℃的温度中干燥12min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡28min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:7。所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:16。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于101℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例5
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:30,浸泡温度为36℃,浸泡时间为50min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为55%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂(市购)2.5%,硫酸铝0.9%,柔软剂(市购)4%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.7%,三乙醇胺0.4%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为80℃,湿度为55%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为15分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于100℃的温度中干燥12min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡25min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:7。所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:1:8。
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于100℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
实施例6
一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:35,浸泡温度为40℃,浸泡时间为40min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为60%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂(市购)4%,硫酸铝1.0%,柔软剂(市购)5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.7%,三乙醇胺0.5%,余量为水;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为90℃,湿度为50%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为12分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于105℃的温度中干燥12min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于98℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
将使用了三年的素绉缎使用实施例1-6的处理方法进行防皱处理后,再进行抗皱性能及其他性能比较,数据见表1。
表1
注:空白组为未进行任何处理的素绉缎。
由表1可以看出,经实施例1-6的防皱处理方法处理后的丝绸,抗皱性能都有明显地提高,并且处理后的丝绸仍保持滑爽柔软、悬垂性好的特性。由实施例1与实施例5、实施例6的数据比较可以看出,在抗皱性方面,本发明配置的防皱剂和柔软剂对防皱性能有较大影响,醋水的配置对防皱性能也有一定的影响。通过本发明各步骤的配合,能够显著提高丝绸的干折皱回复角以及湿折皱回复角。本发明的防皱保护液,通过各组分的相互配合,能够与丝绸中的蚕丝纤维分子结合,在蚕丝纤维微隙处的分子之间能起到架桥作用,增加了分子间或纤维间结合力,并且比较稳定,提高了丝绸的抗皱性以及耐洗性能。经试验,经实施例1处理后的丝绸,在使用及洗涤30次后,干折皱回复角还能保持在257°,湿折皱回复角还能保持在163°。本发明的处理方法还能保持丝绸有较高的悬垂感、白度及断裂强力,保证丝绸在经过防皱处理后还能保持各方面性能在良好的状态。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限制本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可做些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (5)
1.一种丝绸的防皱处理方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将丝绸放入清水中浸泡,室温浸泡3-5min,捞起晾挂至无水滴落;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的丝绸放入防皱保护液中浸泡,浴比1:20-40,浸泡温度为30-40℃,浸泡时间为40-60min,脱水,丝绸脱水后的含水量为50-60%;
所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂0.5-5%,硫酸铝0.8-1.2%,柔软剂3-5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.5-1%,三乙醇胺0.3-0.6%,余量为水;
所述防皱剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:
A、取缫丝下脚料,使用碳酸钠进行脱胶;
B、将脱胶后的缫丝下脚料加入温度为85-90℃、质量分数为12%的氯化钙水溶液中浸泡溶解20-30min,得到粘稠液;
C、在粘稠液中加入醋酸进行水解,醋酸的浓度为20-25mol/L,水解时间为160-180min,水解温度为60-65℃,得到水解溶液;
D、在水解溶液中加入氨水,调节水解溶液pH为6.8-7.2,再加入活性炭 ,活性炭的加入量为水解溶液重量的3-7%,5-10min后除去活性炭,得到防皱剂半成品;
E、将防皱剂半成品进行鼓风干燥,得到防皱剂;
所述柔软剂为端羟基聚硅氧烷乳液、磺化油中的一种或几种;
(3)将步骤(2)处理后的丝绸置于温度为70-90℃,湿度为50-60%的水蒸汽中进行汽蒸,汽蒸时间为10-20分钟;
(4)将步骤(3)处理后的丝绸置于90-120℃的温度中干燥10-15min;
(5)将步骤(4)处理后的丝绸放入醋水中浸泡20-30min;所述醋水是由食醋和洗米水组成,食醋和洗米水的体积比为1:5-8;
(6)将步骤(5)处理后的丝绸进行水洗后,于95-105℃的温度下烘干,自然冷却即可。
2.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的防皱处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述防皱保护液由如下重量百分数的组分制成:防皱剂3%,硫酸铝1.1%,柔软剂3.5%,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.7%,三乙醇胺0.5%,余量为水。
3.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的防皱处理方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述干燥为分段干燥,先将丝绸在90℃温度环境中干燥8min,再在110℃温度环境中干燥5min。
4.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的防皱处理方法,其特征在于:所述洗米水的米和水的重量比为1:15-20。
5.如权利要求1所述的丝绸的防皱处理方法,其特征在于:所述丝绸是使用了一年以上的丝绸。
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