CN108457099B - 一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108457099B
CN108457099B CN201810166512.3A CN201810166512A CN108457099B CN 108457099 B CN108457099 B CN 108457099B CN 201810166512 A CN201810166512 A CN 201810166512A CN 108457099 B CN108457099 B CN 108457099B
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carboxylic acid
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CN108457099A (zh
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胡青青
陈红霞
陆鹏
袁洪胜
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Jiangsu Goldsun Textile Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法，该缓冲剂是由羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂组成，溶剂为水；其中，羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂的重量比为35‑45：5‑8：8‑10，含固量为30‑40%。其制备方法是将羧酸及其盐的混合物水溶液加入去离子水中搅拌均匀，再加入渗透剂，搅拌均匀，最后加入无机盐，搅拌均匀，补加去离子水至含固量为30%‑40%，静置24h后即可。该缓冲剂在纺织染整加工过程中能中和调节布面的pH值，维持成品面料存储过程中pH值，经过处理的面料色光无变化，布面也无异味。

Description

一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于面料染整技术领域，具体涉及一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
从古至今，纺织面料一直是人类社会生活的必需品，随着社会的发展，对面料的需求已经有最基本的保暖要求衍生到安全需求。在国家强制检测标准中，面料的pH值早已经成为强制指标来执行。在人体正常情况下，人体表面的pH值是呈现弱碱性的。一般情况下，在弱酸性环境中才能抑制细菌的存活，如果纺织面料pH值与人体皮肤表面酸碱度差异较大时，就会对人体产生不良的影响，对人体皮肤产生直接刺激。过高的pH值会对皮肤产生刺激作用，引发皮肤炎症，对人体的汗腺系统以及神经系统都会造成损伤，特别是儿童和婴儿用品。
面料在印染加工过程中，如煮练、丝光、印花或染色过程中，都会加入碱剂或酸剂，尤其是全棉面料，使用的碱剂用量很大，因此为了控制成品面料的布面pH值一般都需要加入酸来进行中和。由于无机酸的酸性很强，且反应较为剧烈，因此工厂一般选用酸性较弱、反应比较缓和的有机酸进行中和，常见的有机酸有甲酸、醋酸和柠檬酸等，但是甲酸具有较强的酸性和还原性，容易使面料色光发生变化(如偏红)，醋酸中和的面料容易产生较大的酸味，柠檬酸中和的面料，布面容易泛黄，尤其影响某些活性含金属染料的色光，且对强力有一定的损伤；也有选用有机酸和有机酸盐组成的缓冲液，但这类缓冲液缓冲能力有限，无法达到预期的效果。然而，无论是采用小分子有机酸还是采用有机酸及其盐组成的缓冲体系，都有共同的几个弊端：首先，有机酸的渗透及中和速度较慢，对厚重织物以及布面碱性偏高的织物来讲，这种现象尤为明显，面料经过定型机工作液槽的时间也就1-3s，无法很快完成反应；如果要保证最终pH值达到要求，只能通过加大酸的用量，造成表面过酸，内部pH值仍然很高，造成成品面料pH合格的假象。其次，有机酸与面料上残留的碱发生中和后，会在面料上暂时形成一个有机酸及其盐的缓冲体系，经过一段时间的存放后，面料上的有机酸经过挥发，只剩下有机酸盐的存在，此时造成面料布面pH值偏碱而不合格。第三，有机酸在电离时只能部分电离，当用量很高时，其pH值变化也不明显，因此遇到高温定型或强拉力时容易造成强力的损伤。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂及其制备方法，该缓冲剂在纺织染整加工过程中能中和调节布面的pH值，维持成品面料存储过程中pH值，经过处理的面料色光无变化，布面也无异味。
一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂，由羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂组成，溶剂为水；其中，羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂的重量比为35-45：5-8：8-10，含固量为30-40％。
进一步地，所述羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液由以下步骤制得：
步骤1，用去离子水配制浓度为0.1mol/L的巴豆酸溶液，同时在溶液中加入过硫酸铵，使过硫酸铵的浓度为0.001mol/L，得到巴豆酸混合溶液；
步骤2，将500mL去离子水升温至50-60℃，依次递加80mL步骤1的巴豆酸混合溶液和20mL0.05mol/L丙烯酸水溶液，边加边搅拌，滴加完毕后，升温至80-90℃保温搅拌0.5-1h，滴加5mL0.005mol/L的阻聚剂，继续保温搅拌4-5h得到重均分子量为800-1500的羧酸聚合物水溶液；
步骤3，向步骤2制成的羧酸聚合物水溶液中滴加0.01mol/L的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液，调节体系中羧酸与羧酸盐的摩尔比为50-65：50-35，制得羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液。
进一步地，步骤2中巴豆酸混合溶液的滴加速度为16-20滴/min，丙烯酸溶液的滴加速度为4-5滴/min。
进一步地，所述无机盐为氯化钠或硫酸钠。
进一步地，所述渗透剂为异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚，氧乙烯基的数目为3-5。
上述平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂的制备方法，将羧酸及其盐的混合物水溶液加入去离子水中搅拌均匀，再加入渗透剂，搅拌均匀，最后加入无机盐，搅拌均匀，补加去离子水至含固量为30％-40％，静置24h后即可。
全棉或含棉面料在所有的面料中仍占有主要地位，其在染整加工过程中，常常需要大量的碱剂，如在前处理煮练和丝光都需要浓度较高的烧碱，主要是为了能够去除棉纤维上的杂质以及小分子浆料；在丝光工序中，丝光能让棉纤维溶胀从而具有很好的光泽和尺寸稳定性；在染色或印花过程中，也需要使用纯碱对活性染料进行固色。由此可见，在染整的主要环节，都不可避免的使用碱剂。尽管每道工序中，都会通过水洗来洗除面料中的碱剂，但是碱剂与纤维素纤维上的羟基发生反应生成碱纤维素，加之水洗时间较短，如果这些工序中去碱不净，势必会造成布面pH值偏高，会给柔软定型工序增加pH控制的难度。
本发明的缓冲剂能够快速渗透到面料内部，同时与纤维素纤维具有较好的亲和力，使其一直能够维持布面的pH。无机盐氯化钠或硫酸钠能够在布面形成双电层，屏蔽纤维素纤维表面的负电性，使羧酸类小分子聚合物能够避免静电斥力而迅速的吸附到面料表面，加之其分子量较大，吸附能力会更好；异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚能够很好的润湿布面，使羧酸类小分子聚合物快速地由表面渗透到内部；同时，无机盐氯化钠或硫酸钠能提供质子交换，使含羧酸类小分子聚合物及其盐能够不断的更新，即始终保持其羧酸或羧酸盐的平衡，即能够维持pH在5.0-6.5。整个过程中各助剂之间相互协同促进，能够很好的调节面料的pH。同时，羧酸类小分子聚合物仍然具有较高的平均分子量，与纤维素纤维之间存在较强的范德华力和氢键，因此，其在面料上能够稳定的存在，在存储过程中，这一点显得尤为重要。
有益效果：
本发明的缓冲剂在纺织染整加工过程中能中和调节布面的pH值，在前处理练漂、丝光、印花水洗中都能很好的中和布面的碱；尤其在柔软定型中能快速渗透、迅速中和布面的碱，对染色或印花面料的色光不产生影响，不影响面料的强力；在面料长期存储过程中，维持面料存储过程中pH值的稳定。
具体实施方式
羧酸及其羧酸盐的制备方法：
步骤1，巴豆酸混合溶液的配制：用去离子水配制浓度为0.1mol/L的巴豆酸溶液，同时在溶液中加入过硫酸铵，使得体系中过硫酸铵的浓度为0.001mol/L，最终获得巴豆酸混合溶液；
步骤2，在1000mL圆底烧瓶中加入500mL去离子水，将温度升温至50-60℃，同时分别滴加80mL 0.1mol/L巴豆酸混合溶液和20mL 0.05mol/L丙烯酸溶液(去离子水配制)，巴豆酸混合溶液的滴速为16-20滴/min，丙烯酸溶液的滴速为4-5滴/min，边滴加边搅拌，两种溶液都滴加完毕后，将温度升温至80-90℃，继续保温搅拌0.5-1h后，向圆底烧瓶中滴加5mL0.005mol/L阻聚剂，继续保温搅拌4-5h后即可获得重均分子量为800-1500的羧酸聚合物水溶液；
步骤3，向步骤2制成的羧酸聚合物水溶液中，滴加0.01mol/L氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液，调节体系中羧酸与羧酸盐的摩尔比为50-65：50-35，制得含有羧酸及其盐的混合物水溶液。
平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂(以下简称：缓冲剂)的制备方法：
配制方法：将40份羧酸及其盐的混合物水溶液，加入20份去离子水中缓慢搅拌均匀；然后加入10份的渗透剂，常温下缓慢搅拌均匀；最后将8份的无机盐分批缓慢撒入到溶液中，边撒边快速搅拌至均匀后，补足余量的水，静置1天后即可。
缓冲剂处方：
Figure BDA0001584608680000031
性能：
外观 淡黄色粘稠液体
pH 5.0-6.5
含固量 30-32％
面料加工流程：
对全棉面料进行加工，经过烧毛、退浆、煮练、漂白、拉幅、丝光、拉幅增白、印花、蒸化、水洗、柔软定型等工序。下述实施例分别是实施例1为在煮练工序加入缓冲剂，实施例2为在丝光工序中加入缓冲剂，实施例3为在印花后水洗工序中加入缓冲剂，实施例4为在柔软定型时加入缓冲剂。
实施例1
40s全棉缎纹印花面料采用煮漂两段法进行煮练，其中煮练工序中烧碱40-50g/L，精练剂8-10g/L，螯合分散剂5g/L，102℃汽蒸60min，在出煮练蒸箱后的第三格水洗槽中缓冲剂8g/L；漂白工序中100％双氧水3-4g/L，双氧水稳定剂6g/L。
实施例2
采用直辊丝光机对60s全棉缎纹面料进行丝光，丝光碱浓度为220g/L，在丝光水洗机第3格水槽中加入醋酸5g/L，倒数第2格水洗槽中加入缓冲剂20g/L。
实施例3
32s全棉缎纹印花面料印花后在水洗工序时，在水洗机第5格水洗槽中和倒数第2格水洗槽中添加本发明专利的缓冲剂，其中在第5格中加入8g/L，在倒数第2格中加入5g/L，其余水洗工序中的其余工艺同正常水洗工艺。
实施例4
32s全棉斜纹印花面料在柔软定型时，加入工作液槽中加入10g/L缓冲剂。定型车速40-50m/min，定型温度160-170℃。
实施例5
将实施例4处理的面料，放置在空气中15天。
对照例1
将实施例4中的缓冲剂换成醋酸，其余不变，使布面pH＝6左右。将处理好的面料放置在空气中15天。
对照例2
将实施例4中的缓冲剂换成柠檬酸，其余不变，使布面pH＝6左右。将处理好的面料放置在空气中15天。
表1面料主要性能指标
性能指标 pH 耐汗渍牢度 耐洗牢度 日晒 轧酸后面料的色光 异味
实施例1 6.43 / / / / 无
实施例2 6.48 / / / / 无
实施例3 6.25 3-4/3-4 3-4/3-4 ＞3 无明显变化 无
实施例4 6.36 3-4/3-4 3-4/3-4 ＞3 无明显变化 无
实施例5 6.40 3-4/3-4 3-4/3-4 ＞3 无明显变化 无
对照例1 8.56 3-4/3 3-4/3 2-3 无明显变化 有酸味
对照例2 7.48 3-4/2-3 3-4/2-3 2-3 有一定的泛黄，色光红移 无
从上表中可以看出，本发明的缓冲剂适用于染整加工中需要调酸的各个环节，尤其是在后整理柔软调酸工序中，对面料的色光没有影响，且没有异味产生。将面料浸轧酸之后，暴露在空气中一段时间，能较好的维持面料布面的pH值。

Claims (3)

1.一种平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂，其特征在于：由羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂组成，溶剂为水；其中，羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液、无机盐和渗透剂的重量比为35-45：5-8：8-10，含固量为30-40%；
所述羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液由以下步骤制得：
步骤1，用去离子水配制浓度为0.1mol/L的巴豆酸溶液，同时在溶液中加入过硫酸铵，使过硫酸铵的浓度为0.001mol/L，得到巴豆酸混合溶液；
步骤2，将500mL去离子水升温至50-60℃，依次滴加80mL步骤1的巴豆酸混合溶液和20mL 0.05mol/L丙烯酸水溶液，边加边搅拌，滴加完毕后，升温至80-90℃保温搅拌0.5-1h，滴加5mL 0.005mol/L的阻聚剂，继续保温搅拌4-5h得到重均分子量为800-1500的羧酸聚合物水溶液；
步骤3，向步骤2制成的羧酸聚合物水溶液中滴加0.01mol/L的氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液，调节体系中羧酸与羧酸盐的摩尔比为50-65：50-35，制得羧酸聚合物及其盐的混合水溶液；
所述无机盐为氯化钠或硫酸钠；
所述渗透剂为异辛醇聚氧乙烯醚，氧乙烯基的数目为3-5。
2.根据权利要求1所述的平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂，其特征在于：步骤2中巴豆酸混合溶液的滴加速度为16-20滴/min，丙烯酸溶液的滴加速度为4-5滴/min。
3.权利要求1所述的平衡面料酸碱度的缓冲剂的制备方法，其特征在于：将羧酸及其盐的混合物水溶液加入去离子水中搅拌均匀，再加入渗透剂，搅拌均匀，最后加入无机盐，搅拌均匀，补加去离子水至含固量为30%-40%，静置24h后即可。
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