CN108292717B - 电池用包装材料、电池、电池用包装材料的制造方法 - Google Patents
电池用包装材料、电池、电池用包装材料的制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108292717B CN108292717B CN201680070017.1A CN201680070017A CN108292717B CN 108292717 B CN108292717 B CN 108292717B CN 201680070017 A CN201680070017 A CN 201680070017A CN 108292717 B CN108292717 B CN 108292717B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种电池的连续生产性优异的电池用包装材料。本发明的电池用包装材料包括至少依次具有基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层的叠层体,上述热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的上述阻隔层侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池用包装材料、电池、电池用包装材料的制造方法。
背景技术
现有技术中,已经开发了各种类型的电池,但在全部电池中,用于密封电极、电解质等电池元件的包装材料是不可缺少的部件。现有技术中,作为电池用包装大多使用金属制的包装材料,但近年来伴随电动汽车、混合动力电动汽车、电脑、相机、移动电话等的高性能化,对于电池来说,在被要求多样的形状的同时,还被要求薄型化和轻量化。然而,现有技术中使用较多的金属制的电池用包装材料难以追随形状的多样化,而且轻量化也有限度。
为此,作为容易加工成多样的形状且能够实现薄型化和轻量化的电池用包装材料,提出了依次叠层有基材层/粘接剂层/阻隔层/热熔合性树脂层的膜状的叠层体(例如参照专利文献1)。这样的膜状的电池用包装材料形成为如下:使热熔合性树脂层彼此相对并将边缘部通过热封进行热熔接,由此能够将电池元件封装。
在电池用包装材料中,封入电池元件时利用模具进行成型,形成收纳电池元件的空间。在该成型时,由于电池用包装材料被拉伸,存在在模具的凸缘部,容易在阻隔层发生裂纹、针孔的问题。为了解决这样的问题,已知有在电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的表面涂布滑剂或在形成热熔合性树脂层的树脂中配合滑剂后使滑剂在表面析出等,由此提高热熔合性树脂层的滑性的方法。通过采用这样的方法,在成型时电池用包装材料容易被拉入模具中,能够抑制电池用包装材料的裂纹、针孔。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2008-287971号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术问题
本发明的发明人关于电池用包装材料的成型条件进行反复研究,结果发现如下问题:例如,作为对电池用包装材料进行成型的模具,使用例如表面平滑性高(例如,在JIS B0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2所规定的、表面的Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm以下)的不锈钢制的模具的情况下,模具与热熔合性树脂层的接触面积变大,因此热熔合性树脂层的表面容易被磨削,在成型时,位于热熔合性树脂层表面部分的滑剂容易转移至模具,污染模具。
以模具被滑剂污染的状态成型其他的电池用包装材料时,附着在模具的滑剂的小块会附着在电池用包装材料的表面,并以该状态进行热熔合性树脂层的热熔合。这样的话,在使热熔合性树脂层热熔合时,附着有滑剂的部分的熔化程度变得不均匀,因此发生密封不良。为了防止发生密封不良,有必要增加用于去除附着在模具的滑剂的清扫频度,存在电池的连续生产性降低的问题。
本发明的主要目的在于提供一种电池的连续生产性优异的电池用包装材料及其制造方法。
用于解决技术问题的技术方案
本发明的发明人为了解决上述技术问题而进行了锐意研究。其结果发现,如下电池用包装材料,即使在对其使用例如表面平滑性高的不锈钢制的模具进行成型的情况下,滑剂也不易附着在模具,电池的连续生产性优异,上述电池用包装材料包括至少依次具有基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层的叠层体,热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的与上述阻隔层相反侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。本发明基于这些知识,并通过进一步进行反复研究而完成。
即,本发明提供下述所举出的方式的发明。
项1.一种电池用包装材料,其包括至少依次具有基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层的叠层体,
上述热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂,
在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下,使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的与上述阻隔层相反侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
项2.如项1所述的电池用包装材料,其中,在下述试验条件下测定的、上述热熔合性树脂层的与上述阻隔层相反侧的表面的动摩擦系数为0.4以下。
(试验条件)
在静置于水平面的俯视时为矩形的金属板的表面,将上述电池用包装材料以上述热熔合性树脂层侧向下的方式静置。接下来,在上述电池用包装材料的上述基材层侧的表面放置重200g的重物。接下来,将上述电池用包装材料以拉动速度100mm/min、在水平方向拉动25mm,测定此时的动摩擦系数。
上述金属板为JIS B 0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、表面的Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm的不锈钢制。并且,上述金属板的上述表面与上述电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的接触面积设为160cm2。并且,上述重物与上述电池用包装材料的基材层的表面的接触面积设为40cm2。
项3.如项1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其中,构成上述热熔合性树脂层的树脂为聚丙烯。
项4.如项1~3中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,在上述阻隔层与上述热熔合性树脂层之间,具有由酸改性聚丙烯构成的粘接层。
项5.如项1~4中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,上述阻隔层由铝合金或不锈钢构成。
项6.如项1~5中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其中,在上述阻隔层的至少一个面具备耐酸性被膜层。
项7.如项1~6中任一项所述的电池用包装材料,其为用于二次电池的包装材料。
项8.一种电池,其中,至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳在由项1~7的任一项所述的电池用包装材料形成的包袋体内。
项9.一种电池用包装材料的制造方法,其中,
包括至少依次叠层基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层而得到叠层体的工序,
作为上述热熔合性树脂层,使用含有滑剂的物质,
在上述工序中,叠层如下的热熔合性树脂层,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的上述阻隔层侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
发明效果
利用本发明,能够提供电池的连续生产性优异的电池用包装材料及其制造方法。
附图说明
图1是示出本发明的电池用包装材料的剖面构造的一例的图。
图2是示出本发明的电池用包装材料的剖面构造的一例的图。
图3是示出本发明的电池用包装材料的剖面构造的一例的图。
图4是用于说明对本发明的电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的表面压入压头的操作的示意图。
图5是用于说明测定本发明的电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层表面的动摩擦系数的方法的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的电池用包装材料的特征在于,其包括至少依次具有基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层的叠层体,热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的与上述阻隔层相反侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。下面,对于本发明的电池用包装材料及其制造方法进行详细说明。
需要说明的是,在本说明书中,用“~”表示的数值范围的含义为“以上”、“以下”。例如,2~15mm这样的表述的含义为2mm以上15mm以下。
1.电池用包装材料的叠层构造
如图1所示,电池用包装材料10包括至少依次叠层有基材层1、阻隔层3和热熔合性树脂层4的叠层体。在本发明的电池用包装材料中,基材层1成为最外层侧,热熔合性树脂层4成为最内层。即,在组装电池时,通过位于电池元件的边缘的热熔合性树脂层4彼此热熔接而密封电池元件,从而将电池元件封装。
如图2所示,本发明的电池用包装材料10中,在基材层1与阻隔层3之间,以提高它们的粘接性为目的,根据需要可以具有粘接剂层2。另外,如图3所示,在阻隔层3与热熔合性树脂层4之间,以提高它们的粘接性为目的,根据需要可以具有粘接层5。
2.形成电池用包装材料的各层的组成
[基材层1]
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,基材层1为位于最外层侧的层。对于形成基材层1的原材料,在具备绝缘性的限度内,没有特别限制。作为形成基材层1的原材料,可以列举例如聚酯、聚酰胺、环氧树脂、丙烯酸树脂、含氟树脂、聚氨酯、含硅树脂、酚醛树脂、聚醚酰亚胺、聚酰亚胺和它们的混合物、共聚物等。
作为聚酯,具体而言可以列举:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、以亚乙基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯、以亚丁基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯等。另外,作为以亚乙基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯,具体而言可以列举:以亚乙基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体与亚乙基间苯二甲酸酯聚合而得到的共聚物聚酯(以下,按照“聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸酯)”的写法进行省略)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/己二酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/钠磺基间苯二甲酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/钠间苯二甲酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/苯基-二羧酸酯)、聚亚乙基(对苯二甲酸酯/癸二羧酸酯)等。另外,作为以亚丁基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体的共聚聚酯,具体而言可以列举:以亚丁基对苯二甲酸酯为重复单元的主体与亚丁基间苯二甲酸酯聚合而得到的共聚物聚酯(以下,按照“聚亚丁基(对苯二甲酸酯/间苯二甲酸酯)”的写法进行省略)、聚亚丁基(对苯二甲酸酯/己二酸酯)、聚亚丁基(对苯二甲酸酯/癸二酸酯)、聚亚丁基(对苯二甲酸酯/癸二羧酸酯)、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯等。这些聚酯可以单独使用1种,也可以将2种以上组合使用。聚酯具有耐电解液性优异、对于电解液的附着不易发生白化等这样的优点,从而适合作为基材层1的形成原材料使用。
另外,作为聚酰胺,具体而言可以列举:尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙610、尼龙12、尼龙46、尼龙6与尼龙66的共聚物等脂肪族系聚酰胺;包含来自对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸的构成单元的尼龙6I、尼龙6T、尼龙6IT、尼龙6I6T(I表示间苯二甲酸、T表示对苯二甲酸)等六亚甲基二胺-间苯二甲酸-对苯二甲酸共聚聚酰胺、聚己二酰间苯二甲胺(MXD6)等含有芳香族的聚酰胺;聚氨基甲基环己基己二酰二胺(PACM6)等脂环系聚酰胺;进一步将内酰胺成分、4,4’-二苯基甲烷-二异氰酸酯等的异氰酸酯成分共聚的聚酰胺、作为共聚聚酰胺与聚酯、聚亚烷基醚二醇的共聚物的聚酯酰胺共聚物、聚醚酯酰胺共聚物;上述物质的共聚物等。这些聚酰胺可以单独使用1种,也可以将2种以上组合使用。拉伸聚酰胺膜的拉伸性优异,能够防止由于成型时基材层1的树脂破裂而产生白化,从而适合作为基材层1的形成原材料使用。
基材层1可以由单轴或双轴拉伸后的树脂膜形成,也可以由未拉伸的树脂膜形成。其中,单轴或双轴拉伸后的树脂膜,特别是双轴拉伸后的树脂膜由于取向结晶化而耐热性提高,因此适合作为基材层1使用。另外,基材层1也可以通过将上述材料涂布在阻隔层3上而形成。
这些之中,作为形成基材层1的树脂膜,优选列举尼龙、聚酯,更优选列举双轴拉伸尼龙、双轴拉伸聚酯,特别优选双轴拉伸尼龙。
基材层1中,为了提高耐针孔性和作为电池的包装体时的绝缘性,也可以将不同原材料的树脂膜和涂层的至少一者叠层化。具体而言,可以列举将聚酯膜与尼龙膜叠层而成的多层构造、将双轴拉伸聚酯与双轴拉伸尼龙叠层而成的多层构造等。将基材层1制成多层构造的情况下,各树脂膜可以通过粘接剂粘接,另外,也可以不通过粘接剂而直接叠层。在不通过粘接剂而使其粘接的情况下,可以列举例如,共挤出层压法、夹层层压法、热层压法等在热熔融状态下进行粘接的方法。另外,在通过粘接剂粘接的情况下,所使用的粘接剂可以是双液固化型粘接剂,也可以是单液固化型粘接剂。而且,对于粘接剂的粘接机制也没有特别限制,可以使用化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型、电子射线固化型或紫外线固化型等的任意种类。作为粘接剂的成分,可以列举聚酯系树脂、聚醚系树脂、聚氨酯系树脂、环氧系树脂、酚醛树脂系树脂、聚酰胺系树脂、聚烯烃系树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂、纤维素系树脂、(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂、聚酰亚胺系树脂、氨基树脂、橡胶、硅系树脂。
作为基材层1的厚度,可以列举例如4~50μm左右,优选9~30μm左右。
[粘接剂层2]
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,粘接剂层2是为了粘接基材层1与阻隔层3而根据需要设置的层。
粘接剂层2由能够粘接基材层1与阻隔层3的粘接剂形成。用于形成粘接剂层2的粘接剂可以是双液固化型粘接剂,也可以是单液固化型粘接剂。而且,对于用于形成粘接剂层2的粘接剂的粘接机制也没有特别限制,可以是化学反应型、溶剂挥发型、热熔融型、热压型等中的任意种。
作为能够用于形成粘接剂层2的粘接剂的树脂成分,具体而言可以列举:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚萘二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、共聚聚酯等聚酯系树脂;聚醚系粘接剂;聚氨酯系粘接剂;环氧系树脂;酚醛树脂系树脂;尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙12、共聚聚酰胺等聚酰胺系树脂;聚烯烃、酸改性聚烯烃、金属改性聚烯烃等聚烯烃系树脂;聚乙酸乙烯酯系树脂;纤维素系粘接剂;(甲基)丙烯酸系树脂;聚酰亚胺系树脂;尿素树脂、三聚氰胺树脂等氨基树脂;氯丁二烯橡胶、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶等橡胶;有机硅系树脂;氟化乙烯丙烯共聚物等。这些粘接剂成分可以单独使用1种,也可以将2种以上组合使用。关于2种以上粘接剂成分的组合方式没有特别限制,例如,作为该粘接剂成分,可以列举聚酰胺与酸改性聚烯烃的混合树脂、聚酰胺与金属改性聚烯烃的混合树脂、聚酰胺与聚酯、聚酯与酸改性聚烯烃的混合树脂、聚酯与金属改性聚烯烃的混合树脂等。这些之中,从延展性、在高湿度条件下的耐久性、抑制黄变作用、热封时的热劣化抑制作用等优异、抑制基材层1与阻隔层3之间的层压强度的降低来有效抑制分层的发生的观点出发,优选例举聚氨酯系双液固化型粘接剂;聚酰胺、聚酯或它们与改性聚烯烃的掺混树脂。
另外,可以利用不同的粘接剂成分使粘接剂层2多层化。在利用不同粘接剂成分使粘接剂层2多层化的情况下,从提高基材层1与阻隔层3的层压强度的观点出发,优选选择与基材层1的粘接性优异的树脂作为配置在基材层1侧的粘接剂成分,并选择与阻隔层3的粘接性优异的粘接剂成分作为配置在阻隔层3侧的粘接剂成分。在利用不同粘接剂成分使粘接剂层2多层化的情况下,具体而言,作为配置在阻隔层3侧的粘接剂成分,优选可以列举包含酸改性聚烯烃、金属改性聚烯烃、聚酯与酸改性聚烯烃的混合树脂、共聚聚酯的树脂等。
关于粘接剂层2的厚度,可以列举例如2~50μm左右,优选3~25μm左右。
[阻隔层3]
在电池用包装材料中,阻隔层3是除了具有提高电池用包装材料的强度之外,还具有防止水蒸气、氧、光等侵入电池内部的功能的层。作为构成阻隔层3的金属,具体而言可以列举铝、不锈钢、钛等,优选例举铝。阻隔层3例如能够由金属箔或金属蒸镀膜、无机氧化物蒸镀膜、含碳无机氧化物蒸镀膜、设有这些蒸镀膜的膜等形成,优选由金属箔形成,进一步优选由铝合金箔形成。在制造电池用包装材料时,从防止阻隔层3产生褶皱、针孔的观点出发,阻隔层更优选由例如经退火处理后的铝(JIS H4160:1994A8021H-O、JIS H4160:1994A8079H-O、JIS H4000:2014A8021P-O、JIS H4000:2014A8079P-O)等软质铝合金箔形成。
关于阻隔层3的厚度,可以列举例如10~200μm左右,优选20~100μm左右。
另外,阻隔层3中,为了粘接的稳定化、溶解和腐蚀的防止等,优选至少一个面,优选为至少热熔合性树脂层4侧的面,进一步优选两面经化学法表面处理。这里,化学法表面处理是指,在阻隔层3的表面形成耐酸性被膜的处理。即,阻隔层3优选在其至少一个面具备耐酸性被膜层。作为用于形成耐酸性被膜层的化学法表面处理,可以列举例如,使用硝酸铬、氟化铬、硫酸铬、乙酸铬、草酸铬、磷酸二氢铬、铬酸乙酰乙酸酯、氯化铬、硫酸钾铬等铬酸化合物的铬酸铬酸盐处理;使用磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸铵、多磷酸等磷酸化合物的磷酸处理;使用包含后述通式(1)~(4)所表示的重复单元的氨基化酚聚合物的铬酸盐处理等。需要说明的是,在该氨基化酚聚合物中,后述通式(1)~(4)所表示的重复单元可以单独含有1种,也可以是2种以上的任意的组合。
通式(1)~(4)中,X表示氢原子、羟基、烷基、羟基烷基、烯丙基或苄基。另外,R1和R2相同或不同,表示羟基、烷基或羟基烷基。通式(1)~(4)中,作为X、R1、R2所表示的烷基,可以列举例如,甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、叔丁基等碳原子数1~4的直链或支链状烷基。另外,作为X、R1、R2所表示的羟基烷基,可以列举例如,羟基甲基、1-羟基乙基、2-羟基乙基、1-羟基丙基、2-羟基丙基、3-羟基丙基、1-羟基丁基、2-羟基丁基、3-羟基丁基、4-羟基丁基等取代有1个羟基的碳原子数1~4的直链或支链状烷基。在通式(1)~(4)中,X优选为氢原子、羟基和羟基烷基中的任意种。包含通式(1)~(4)所表示的重复单元的氨基化酚聚合物的数均分子量可以列举例如,约500~约100万,优选为约1000~约2万。
另外,作为对阻隔层3赋予抗腐蚀性的化学法表面处理方法,可以列举通过涂布在磷酸中分散有氧化铝、氧化钛、氧化铈、氧化锡等金属氧化物、硫酸钡的微粒的物质并在150℃以上进行烘烤处理,由此在阻隔层3的表面形成耐酸性被膜层的方法。另外,在耐酸性被膜层之上,也可以形成利用交联剂将阳离子性聚合物交联的树脂层。这里,作为阳离子性聚合物,可以列举例如,聚乙烯亚胺、由聚乙烯亚胺和具有羧酸的聚合物构成的离子高分子配位化合物、在丙烯酸主骨架接枝有伯胺的伯胺接枝丙烯酸树脂、聚烯丙胺或其衍生物、氨基苯酚等。这些阳离子性聚合物可以单独使用1种,也可以将2种以上组合使用。另外,作为交联剂,可以列举例如,具有选自异氰酸酯基、缩水甘油基、羧基和噁唑啉基中的至少一种官能团的化合物、硅烷偶联剂等。这些交联剂可以单独使用1种,也可以将2种以上组合使用。
这些化学法表面处理可以单独进行1种化学法表面处理,也可以将2种以上的化学法表面处理组合进行。而且,这些的化学法表面处理可以单独使用1种化合物来进行,也可以将2种以上的化合物组合使用来进行。这些之中,优选例举铬酸铬酸盐处理,更优选例举组合了铬酸化合物、磷酸化合物和氨基化酚聚合物的铬酸盐处理。
在化学法表面处理中,对于形成在阻隔层3的表面的耐酸性被膜的量没有特别限制,例如组合铬酸化合物、磷酸化合物和氨基化酚聚合物来进行铬酸盐处理的情况下,阻隔层3的表面每1m2中所含有的比例优选为:铬酸化合物以铬换算计为约0.5~约50mg,优选约1.0~约40mg,磷化合物以磷换算计为约0.5~约50mg,优选约1.0~约40mg,以及氨基化酚聚合物为约1~约200mg,优选约5.0~150mg。
通过将含有用于形成耐酸性被膜的化合物的溶液利用棒涂法、辊涂法、凹版涂布法、浸渍法等涂布在阻隔层3的表面后,加热使阻隔层3的温度达到70~200℃左右,由此进行化学法表面处理。另外,在对阻隔层3实施化学法表面处理前,也可以预先对阻隔层3进行利用碱浸渍法、电解清洗法、酸清洗法、电解酸清洗法等的脱脂处理。通过进行这样的脱脂处理,能够进一步高效地进行阻隔层3的表面的化学法表面处理。
[热熔合性树脂层4]
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,热熔合性树脂层4相当于最内层,是在组装电池时通过热熔合性树脂层彼此发生热熔接而密封电池元件的层。
在本发明中,热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂。作为滑剂,没有特别限制,优选例举酰胺系滑剂。作为酰胺系滑剂,只要具有酰胺基就没有特别限制,优选例举脂肪酰胺和芳香族双酰胺。滑剂可以单独使用1种,也可以组合使用2种以上。
作为脂肪酰胺,可以列举例如,饱和脂肪酰胺、不饱和脂肪酰胺、取代酰胺、羟甲基酰胺、饱和脂肪酸双酰胺、不饱和脂肪酸双酰胺等。作为饱和脂肪酰胺的具体例,可以列举月桂酰胺、棕榈酰胺、硬脂酰胺、山萮酰胺、羟基硬脂酰胺等。作为不饱和脂肪酰胺的具体例,可以列举油酰胺、芥酰胺等。作为取代酰胺的具体例,可以列举N-油酰基棕榈酰胺、N-硬脂基硬脂酰胺、N-硬脂基油酰胺、N-油酰基硬脂酰胺、N-硬脂基芥酰胺等。另外,作为羟甲基酰胺的具体例,可以列举羟甲基硬脂酰胺等。作为饱和脂肪酸双酰胺的具体例,可以列举亚甲基双硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双癸酰胺、亚乙基双月桂酰胺、亚乙基双硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双羟基硬脂酰胺、亚乙基双山萮酰胺、六亚甲基双硬脂酰胺、六亚甲基双山萮酰胺、六亚甲基羟基硬脂酰胺、N,N’-二硬脂基己二酰二胺、N,N’-二硬脂基癸二酰胺等。作为不饱和脂肪酸双酰胺的具体例,可以列举亚乙基双油酰胺、亚乙基双芥酰胺、六亚甲基双油酰胺、N,N’-二油酰基己二酰二胺、N,N’-二油酰基癸二酰胺等。作为脂肪酸酯酰胺的具体例,可以列举硬脂酰胺乙基硬脂酸酯等。另外,作为芳香族系双酰胺的具体例,可以列举间亚苯二甲基双硬脂酰胺,间亚苯二甲基双羟基硬脂酰胺,N,N’-二硬脂基间苯二甲酰胺等。
作为热熔合性树脂层4中的滑剂的含量,没有特别限制,从提高电池用包装材料的成型性、并且抑制成型时滑剂对于模具的附着、发挥电池的优异的连续生产性的观点出发,优选为100~2000ppm左右,更优选为500~1200ppm左右。
热熔合性树脂层4优选由聚烯烃形成。作为聚烯烃,在能够热熔接的限度内,没有特别限制,可以列举例如聚烯烃、环状聚烯烃、羧酸改性聚烯烃、羧酸改性环状聚烯烃。
作为上述聚烯烃,具体而言可以列举低密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、高密度聚乙烯、线状低密度聚乙烯等聚乙烯;均聚丙烯、聚丙烯的嵌段共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的嵌段共聚物)、聚丙烯的无规共聚物(例如丙烯与乙烯的无规共聚物)等的聚丙烯;乙烯-丁烯-丙烯的三元共聚物;等。这些聚烯烃中,优选例举聚乙烯和聚丙烯。
上述环状聚烯烃为烯烃与环状单体的共聚物,作为上述环状聚烯烃的构成单体的烯烃,可以列举例如乙烯、丙烯、4-甲基-1-戊烯、苯乙烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯等。另外,作为上述环状聚烯烃的构成单体的环状单体,可以列举例如,降冰片烯等环状烯烃;具体而言可以列举,环戊二烯、二环戊二烯、环己二烯、降冰片二烯等环状二烯等。这些聚烯烃中,优选例举环状烯烃,更优选例举降冰片烯。
上述羧酸改性聚烯烃,是指将上述聚烯烃利用羧酸嵌段聚合或接枝聚合而进行了改性的聚合物。作为用于改性的羧酸,可以列举例如,马来酸、丙烯酸、衣康酸、巴豆酸、马来酸酐、衣康酸酐等。
上述羧酸改性环状聚烯烃,是指通过将构成环状聚烯烃的单体的一部分替代成α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐后进行共聚、或者将α,β-不饱和羧酸或其酸酐对于环状聚烯烃进行嵌段聚合或接枝聚合而得到的聚合物。对于被羧酸改性的环状聚烯烃来说,与上述相同。另外,作为用于改性的羧酸,与在上述酸改性环烯烃共聚物的改性中所使用的羧酸相同。
作为构成热熔合性树脂层4的树脂,在这些的树脂成分之中,优选聚丙烯,进一步优选无规聚丙烯。即,热熔合性树脂层4中可以含有聚烯烃骨架,优选含有聚烯烃骨架。关于热熔合性树脂层4包含聚烯烃骨架与否,能够通过例如红外光谱法、气相色谱法质量分析法等进行分析,不特别限定分析方法。例如,通过红外光谱法测定马来酸酐改性聚烯烃时,在波数1760cm-1附近和波数1780cm-1检测出来自马来酸酐的峰。但是,如果酸改性度低,则有时因峰变小而不被检测到。这种情况下,能够利用核磁共振光谱法进行分析。作为构成热熔合性树脂层4的压入压头的表面的树脂,优选聚丙烯,更优选无规聚丙烯。
热熔合性树脂层4可以由1种树脂成分单独形成,也可以由组合2种以上树脂成分的共混聚合物形成。此外,热熔合性树脂层4可以仅由1层构成,但也可以由相同或不同的树脂成分形成为2层以上。
在本发明中,热熔合性树脂层4的特征在于,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下,使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500,以如图4所示的方式,对于热熔合性树脂层4的与阻隔层3相反侧的表面4a,将维氏形状的压头P以负载速度5mN/10sec压入(向热熔合性树脂层4的厚度方向压入),压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点的压头对于热熔合性树脂层4的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
如上所述,作为成型电池用包装材料的模具,使用表面平滑性高(例如,JIS B0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2所规定的、表面的Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm的模具。需要说明的是,Rz的确认使用了日本金属电铸制的比较用表面粗糙度标准片。)的不锈钢制的模具的情况下,由于模具与热熔合性树脂层的接触面积变大,位于热熔合性树脂层表面的滑剂容易被磨削,位于热熔合性树脂层的表面部分的滑剂容易转移至模具,从而污染模具,存在降低电池的连续生产性的问题。
与此相对,在本发明的电池用包装材料中,由于热熔合性树脂层4具备上述那样特定的硬度,即使在利用表面平滑性高的模具成型的情况下,位于热熔合性树脂层的表面的滑剂也不易被磨削,因此位于热熔合性树脂层的表面部分的滑剂不易转移至模具,模具的污染被有效地抑制。因此,将本发明的电池用包装材料用于电池的生产时,能够提高电池的连续生产性。
从进一步提高电池的连续生产性的观点出发,作为压头向热熔合性树脂层4的该压入深度,优选可以列举5.5μm以下左右,更优选列举5.3μm以下左右。需要说明的是,从容易对压入量进行比较判断的观点出发,作为该压入深度的下限值,可以列举例如4.5μm左右、4.8μm左右。
在本发明中所使用的维氏形状的压头,是指由尖端形状为正四角锥的金刚石片构成的压头(维氏型)。
进而,在本发明的电池用包装材料中,在后述试验条件下(依照JIS K7125:1999)测定的、热熔合性树脂层4的与阻隔层3相反侧的表面4a的动摩擦系数优选为0.4以下。由此,能够进一步提高使用了本发明的电池用包装材料的电池的成型性和连续生产性。需要说明的是,动摩擦系数的测定环境设为温度24℃、相对湿度50%。
(试验条件)
如图5所示,在静置于水平面20的俯视时为矩形的金属板11的表面,将电池用包装材料10以上述热熔合性树脂层4侧向下的方式静置。接下来,在电池用包装材料10的基材层1侧的表面放置重200g的重物12。接下来,将电池用包装材料10以拉动速度100mm/min、在水平方向(与热熔合性树脂层4的厚度方向垂直的方向)拉动25mm,测定此时的动摩擦系数。需要说明的是,金属板11、电池用包装材料10和重物12,以在它们重叠的状态下俯视观察时各自的中心相一致的方式静置。
金属板11为JIS B 0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2所规定的、表面的Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm的不锈钢制。并且,将金属板11的表面与电池用包装材料10的热熔合性树脂层4的接触面积设为160cm2(所接触的面为正方形)。并且,将重物12与电池用包装材料10的基材层1侧的表面的接触面积设为40cm2(所接触的面为正方形)。
需要说明的是,从容易对压入量进行比较判断的观点出发,作为该动摩擦系数的下限值,可以列举例如0.1,进一步可以列举0.2等。
在本发明中,作为调整上述压入深度的方法,可以列举例如,调整构成热熔合性树脂层4的树脂的熔体质量流动速率(MFR)的方法等。作为构成热熔合性树脂层4的树脂的230℃的MFR,优选可以列举5.0g/10分以上,更优选列举10~20g/10分左右。存在该MFR越高,则压入深度越深,该MFR越低,则压入深度越浅的倾向。需要说明的是,作为具备所期望的MFR的树脂,能够使用市售品。
另外,作为热熔合性树脂层4的厚度,能够进行适当选定,可以列举例如10~100μm左右,优选列举15~50μm左右。
[粘接层5]
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,粘接层5是为了牢固粘接阻隔层3与热熔合性树脂层4而在它们之间根据需要设置的层。
粘接层5由能够将阻隔层3和热熔合性树脂层4粘接的粘接剂形成。关于用于形成粘接层5的粘接剂,其粘接机制、粘接剂成分的种类等能够设为与上述粘接剂层2的情况相同。另外,粘接层5也能够由在上述热熔合性树脂层4中例示的树脂构成。作为用于粘接层5的粘接剂成分,使用在热熔合性树脂层4中例示的树脂的情况下,作为粘接剂成分,可以列举酸改性聚烯烃,优选列举羧酸改性聚烯烃,特别优选列举羧酸改性聚丙烯。作为这些树脂的具体例,能够例示与热熔合性树脂层4相同的树脂。特别是,羧酸改性聚丙烯与阻隔层的密合性优异,因而优选。即,粘接层5中也可以含有聚烯烃骨架,优选含有聚烯烃骨架。粘接层5包含聚烯烃骨架与否,能够通过例如红外光谱法、气相色谱法质量分析法等进行分析,不特别限定分析方法。例如,通过红外光谱法测定马来酸酐改性聚烯烃时,在波数1760cm-1附近和波数1780cm-1检测出来自马来酸酐的峰。但是,如果酸改性度低,则有时因峰变小而不被检测到。这种情况下,能够利用核磁共振光谱法进行分析。
关于粘接层5的厚度,可以列举例如2~50μm左右,优选列举15~40μm左右。
3.电池用包装材料的制造方法
对于本发明的电池用包装材料的制造方法,在能够得到叠层规定组成的各层而成的叠层体的限度内,没有特别限制。即,本发明的电池用包装材料能够通过以下制造:具备至少依次叠层基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层而得到叠层体的工序,作为上述热熔合性树脂层,使用含有滑剂的树脂层;在上述工序中叠层如下的热熔合性树脂层,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR(注册商标)HM500对于上述热熔合性树脂层的与上述阻隔层相反侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,上述压头对于上述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
关于电池用包装材料的各层的组成等,与上述相同。作为本发明的电池用包装材料的制造方法的具体例,可以列举例如以下方法。
首先,形成依次叠层有基材层1、粘接剂层2、阻隔层3的叠层体(以下,有时表述为“叠层体A”)。具体而言,叠层体A的形成,能够通过在基材层1上或在根据需要对表面实施了化学法表面处理的阻隔层3上,利用挤出法、凹版涂布法、辊涂法等涂布方法将用于形成粘接剂层2的粘接剂进行涂布、干燥,之后,将该阻隔层3或基材层1叠层,使粘接剂层2固化的干式层压法进行。
接下来,在叠层体A的阻隔层3上叠层热熔合性树脂层4。在阻隔层3上直接叠层热熔合性树脂层4的情况下,在叠层体A的阻隔层3上,利用凹版涂布法、辊涂法等方法将构成热熔合性树脂层4的树脂成分进行涂布即可。另外,在阻隔层3与热熔合性树脂层4之间设置粘接层5的情况下,可以列举例如:(1)通过在叠层体A的阻隔层3上共挤出粘接层5和热熔合性树脂层4而进行叠层的方法(共挤出层压法),(2)另外形成叠层粘接层5与热熔合性树脂层4而成的叠层体,将其通过热层压法叠层在叠层体A的阻隔层3上的方法,(3)在叠层体A的阻隔层3上,将用于形成粘接层5的粘接剂通过挤出法或溶液涂布后在高温进行干燥进而进行烘烤的方法等进行叠层,并通过热层压法将预先制膜成片状的热熔合性树脂层4叠层在该粘接层5上的方法,(4)在叠层体A的阻隔层3与预先制膜成片状的热熔合性树脂层4之间,一边使熔融的粘接层5流入,一边隔着粘接层5将叠层体A与热熔合性树脂层4贴合的方法(夹层层压法)等。需要说明的是,为了使粘接剂层2和根据需要设置的粘接层5的粘接性牢固,可以进一步进行热辊接触式、热风式、近红外或远红外线式等的加热处理。作为这样的加热处理的条件,例如可以列举在150~250℃处理1~5分钟。
在本发明的电池用包装材料中,对于构成叠层体的各层,根据需要,可以为了使制膜性、叠层化加工、最终产品2次加工(包装化、压花成型)适性等提高或稳定化,而进行电晕放电处理、喷砂处理、氧化处理、臭氧处理等表面活性化处理。
4.电池用包装材料的用途
本发明的电池用包装材料用作用于将正极、负极、电解质等电池元件密封而收纳的包装材料。
具体而言,利用本发明的电池用包装材料将至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件,以与上述正极和负极各自连接的金属端子突出在外侧的状态、且以在电池元件的边缘能够形成凸缘部(热熔合性树脂层彼此接触的区域)的方式包覆,将上述凸缘部的热熔合性树脂层彼此通过热封而进行密封,由此能够提供使用电池用包装材料的电池。需要说明的是,使用本发明的电池用包装材料收纳电池元件的情况下,以本发明的电池用包装材料的密封部分成为内侧(与电池元件相接的面)的方式使用。
本发明的电池用包装材料可以用于一次电池、二次电池的任意种,优选用于二次电池。对于能够适用本发明的电池用包装材料的二次电池的种类,没有特别限制,可以列举例如锂离子电池、锂离子聚合物电池、铅蓄电池,镍-氢蓄电池、镍-镉蓄电池、镍-铁蓄电池、镍-锌蓄电池、氧化银-锌蓄电池、金属空气电池、多价阳离子电池、电容器(condenser)、电容器(capacitor)等。在这些二次电池中,作为本发明的电池用包装材料的优选适用对象,可以列举锂离子电池和锂离子聚合物电池。
实施例
以下示出实施例和比较例,对本发明进行详细说明。但本发明不受实施例所限定。
实施例1~12和比较例1~2
<电池用包装材料的制造>
在表1所记载的基材层上,通过干式层压法叠层对两面实施了化学法表面处理的表1所记载的阻隔层(厚度40μm)。具体而言,在阻隔层的一个面涂布双液型聚氨酯粘接剂(多醇化合物与芳香族异氰酸酯系化合物),在阻隔层上形成粘接剂层(厚度3μm)。需要说明的是,在基材层为单层的情况下,厚度为25μm,PET/尼龙为从电池用包装材料的外侧(与阻隔层相反的一侧)依次叠层PET(12μm)、尼龙(15μm)。接下来,将阻隔层上的粘接剂层和基材层通过干式层压法叠层后,在40℃实施24小时的熟化处理,由此制作基材层/粘接剂层/阻隔层的叠层体。需要说明的是,利用辊涂法将包含酚醛树脂、氟化铬化合物和磷酸的处理液以铬的涂布量为10mg/m2(干燥质量)的方式涂布在阻隔层的两面,进行烘烤,由此进行阻隔层的化学法表面处理。接下来,在叠层体的阻隔层上,共挤出酸改性聚丙烯(PPa,配置在阻隔层侧)40μm与聚丙烯(PP,最内层侧)40μm,由此在阻隔层上叠层粘接层和热熔合性树脂层,得到依次叠层有基材层/粘接剂层/阻隔层/粘接层/热熔合性树脂层的电池用包装材料。实施例和比较例所使用酸改性聚烯烃和聚丙烯的详细情况如下述(表1)。
酸改性聚丙烯A(PPa-A):230℃的MFR为8g/10分钟、滑剂量为0ppm的马来酸酐改性聚丙烯
酸改性聚丙烯B(PPa-B):230℃的MFR为10g/10分钟、滑剂量为0ppm的马来酸酐改性聚丙烯
酸改性聚丙烯C(PPa-C):230℃的MFR为12g/10分钟、滑剂量为0ppm的马来酸酐改性聚丙烯
聚丙烯A(PP-A):230℃的MFR为16g/10分钟、作为滑剂含有700ppm的芥酰胺的无规聚丙烯
聚丙烯B(PP-B):230℃的MFR为20g/10分钟、作为滑剂含有700ppm的芥酰胺的无规聚丙烯
聚丙烯C(PP-C):230℃的MFR为20g/10分钟、作为滑剂含有1200ppm的芥酰胺的无规聚丙烯
聚丙烯D(PP-D):230℃的MFR为18g/10分钟、作为滑剂含有1200ppm的芥酰胺的无规聚丙烯
<使用PICODENTOR的压入深度的测定>
使用PICODENTOR(Fischer Instruments制造的HM-500),测定对于在上述中得到的各电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的表面的压入深度。具体而言,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下,使用PICODENTOR将压头相对于热熔合性树脂层的阻隔层侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec缓缓地压入,测定压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点的压头的压入深度。结果示于表1。需要说明的是,作为压头,使用尖端由金刚石片构成的正四角锥(维氏型,对面角136°)的压头。
<动摩擦系数的测定>
通过下述试验条件,测定在上述中得到的各电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层表面的动摩擦系数。将结果示于表1。
(试验条件)
在静置于水平面的俯视时为矩形的金属板的表面,将上述电池用包装材料以上述热熔合性树脂层侧向下的方式静置。接下来,在上述电池用包装材料的上述基材层侧的表面放置重200g的重物。接下来,将上述电池用包装材料以100mm/min的拉动速度在水平方向拉动25mm,测定此时的动摩擦系数。上述金属板为JIS B 0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2所规定的、表面的Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm的不锈钢制。另外,将上述金属板的上述表面与上述电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的接触面积设为160cm2(所接触的面为正方形)。另外,将上述重物与上述电池用包装材料的基材层侧的表面的接触面积设为40cm2(所接触的面为正方形)。
(电池的连续生产性的评价)
将在上述中得到的各电池用包装材切断为80mm×120mm的方形而制作样品。接下来,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下,使用具有30×50mm的口径的成型模具(阴模)和与其相对应的成型模具(阳模),以按压压0.4MPa、5mm的成型深度,将这些样品各冷轧成型500个。接下来,目视观察经冷轧成型后的模具的拐角部,将有滑剂转印至模具而出现白化的情况评价为连续生产性低(C),将未出现白化的情况评价为连续生产性高(A)。将结果示于表1。需要说明的是,作为阳模和阴模,分别使用JIS B 0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2所规定的、Rz(最大高度粗糙度)为0.8μm的不锈钢制的模具。
[表1]
其中,表1的注释如下。
Ny:尼龙
PET:聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
PBT:聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯
PP:聚丙烯
PPa:酸改性聚丙烯
PET/尼龙,表示从电池用包装材料的外侧(与阻隔层相反的一侧)依次叠层PET(12μm)、尼龙(15μm)。
AL:铝合金
SUS:不锈钢
从表1所明示的结果可知,在热熔合性树脂层表面的上述压入深度为5.5μm以下的实施例1~12的电池用包装材料中,电池的连续生产性优异。另一方面可知,在热熔合性树脂层表面的上述压入深度为6.2μm或6.1μm的比较例1、2的电池用包装材料中,电池的连续生产性差。
符号说明
1 基材层
2 粘接剂层
3 阻隔层
4 热熔合性树脂层
4a 热熔合性树脂层的阻隔层侧的表面
5 粘接层
10 电池用包装材料
11 金属板
12 重物
20 水平面
P 维氏形状的压头
Claims (9)
1.一种电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
包括至少依次具有基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层的叠层体,
所述热熔合性树脂层含有滑剂,
在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR HM500对于所述热熔合性树脂层的与所述阻隔层相反侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,所述压头对于所述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
在下述试验条件下测定的、所述热熔合性树脂层的与所述阻隔层相反侧的表面的动摩擦系数为0.4以下,
试验条件:
在静置于水平面的俯视时为矩形的金属板的表面,将所述电池用包装材料以所述热熔合性树脂层侧向下的方式静置;接下来,在所述电池用包装材料的所述基材层侧的表面放置重200g的重物;接下来,将所述电池用包装材料以拉动速度100mm/min在水平方向拉动25mm,测定此时的动摩擦系数;
所述金属板为JIS B 0659-1:2002附属书1(参考)比较用表面粗糙度标准片的表2中所规定的、表面的Rz为0.8μm的不锈钢制;并且,所述金属板的所述表面与所述电池用包装材料的热熔合性树脂层的接触面积设为160cm2;并且,所述重物与所述电池用包装材料的基材层侧的表面的接触面积设为40cm2,其中Rz为最大高度粗糙度。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
构成所述热熔合性树脂层的树脂为聚丙烯。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
在所述阻隔层与所述热熔合性树脂层之间,具有由酸改性聚丙烯构成的粘接层。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
所述阻隔层由铝合金或不锈钢构成。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
在所述阻隔层的至少一个面具备耐酸性被膜层。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的电池用包装材料,其特征在于:
其为用于二次电池的包装材料。
8.一种电池,其特征在于:
至少具备正极、负极和电解质的电池元件收纳在由权利要求1~7中任一项所述的电池用包装材料形成的包袋体内。
9.一种电池用包装材料的制造方法,其特征在于:
包括至少依次叠层基材层、阻隔层和热熔合性树脂层而得到叠层体的工序,
作为所述热熔合性树脂层,使用含有滑剂的物质,
在所述工序中,叠层如下的热熔合性树脂层,在温度24℃、相对湿度50%的环境下使用PICODENTOR HM500对于所述热熔合性树脂层的所述阻隔层侧的表面以负载速度5mN/10sec压入维氏形状的压头,在压头的负载达到3.0mN的时间点,所述压头对于所述热熔合性树脂层的压入深度为5.8μm以下。
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