CN1082541A - 氟代红豆杉醇 - Google Patents
氟代红豆杉醇 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1082541A CN1082541A CN93107654A CN93107654A CN1082541A CN 1082541 A CN1082541 A CN 1082541A CN 93107654 A CN93107654 A CN 93107654A CN 93107654 A CN93107654 A CN 93107654A CN 1082541 A CN1082541 A CN 1082541A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- compound
- taxol
- formula
- fluoro
- alpha
- Prior art date
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- Granted
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- -1 Fluoro taxols Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 33
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
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- WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl n-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)carbamate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC(NC(=O)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 WSDQIHATCCOMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
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- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 6
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- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000004579 taxol derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/16—Printed circuits incorporating printed electric components, e.g. printed resistor, capacitor, inductor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C233/00—Carboxylic acid amides
- C07C233/64—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C07C233/81—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups
- C07C233/82—Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by carboxyl groups with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by an acyclic carbon atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C271/00—Derivatives of carbamic acids, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C271/06—Esters of carbamic acids
- C07C271/08—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/10—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
- C07C271/22—Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D305/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D305/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I的氟化红豆杉醇,式I中各取代
基的定义见说明书。本发明还提供了药物组合物以
及对式I的氟化红豆杉醇有用的中间体。还提供了
一种用式I的化合物治疗哺乳动物肿瘤的方法。
Description
本申请是1993年1月19日提交的USSN08/006,423的部分继续申请,USSN08/006,423作为本申请的参考文献,它又是1992年7月1日提交的USSN07/907,261的继续申请。本申请也是1992年12月24日提交的USSN07/996,455和1993年3月11日提交的USSN08/029,819的部分继续申请,USSN07/996,455和08/029,819也作为本申请的参考文献。
本发明提供了具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物。本发明还提供了用于制备具有抗肿瘤活性化合物的中间体。
红豆杉醇最初是从短叶紫杉(Western Yew),短叶红豆杉(Taxus brevifolia)Nutt(紫杉科)分离出来的,其结构如下(示出了2′-,7-,10-和13-位)
在由National Cancer Institute(NCI)资助的临床试验中,结果表明红豆杉醇有望用于抵抗卵巢癌、乳腺癌以及其它癌症的发展。最近红豆杉醇已被批准用于治疗转移性卵巢癌。
在抗有丝分裂的药物中红豆杉醇是无与伦比的,即使在其他方面不利的条件下它也能促进微管蛋白的稳定的微管组装。该药物与微管结合,使微管稳定不发生解聚,从而破坏微管蛋白与微管之间的平衡,最终抑制有丝分裂。有关红豆杉醇的作用机制、毒理学、临床疗效等综述于许多文章中,例如Rowinsky等人的文章,见Taxol;A Novel Investigational Antimicrotubule Agent,J.Natl.Cancer Inst.,82;p1247(1990)。
由于发现红豆杉醇在癌症治疗中效果显著,许多实验室已设立了开发红豆杉醇类似物的项目,以便进一步研究其药理学特性。由此发现了下式的taxotere
据报道它在促进微管组装方面和红豆杉醇一样有效且其有效性大约是胞毒剂的两倍。见,Biologically Active Taxol Analogues With Deleted A-Ring Side Chain Substitutents and Variable C-2′Configurations,J.Med.Chem.34,p1176(1991);Relationships between the Structure of Taxol Analogues and Their Antimitotic Activity,J.Med.Chem.,34,p992(1991)。
近年来,将氟引入到药理学活性化合物中发现了一些意义深远且意想不到的结果。(生物学活性有机氟化合物制备方法的进展详见;Advances in the Preparation of Biologically Active Organofluorine Compounds,Tetrahedron,43,No.14,p3123(1987)。)本发明的目的是提供氟化红豆杉醇及其衍生物。
本发明涉及一种式Ⅰ的氟化红豆杉醇衍生物
式中R1为-CORz,其中的Rz为RO-或R;
Rg为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、或式-W-Rx的基团,其中的W是一个键、C2-6烯烃二基、或-(CH2)t-,其中的t为1-6;Rx为萘基、呋喃基、噻吩基或苯基,此外,Rx可被1-3个相同或不同的C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代;
R2为-OCOR、H、OH、-OR、-OSO2R、-OCONRoR、-O-CONHR、-OCOO(CH2)tR、或-OCOOR;
R和Ro各自为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C3-6环烷基、C2-6炔基、或苯基,苯基可被1~3个相同或不同的C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代。
本发明还提供药物组合物和对式Ⅰ的氟化红豆杉醇有用的中间体。还提供一种用式Ⅰ的化合物治疗哺乳动物肿瘤的方法。
本发明涉及式Ⅰ的氟化红豆杉醇衍生物
式中R1为-CORz,其中的Rz为RO-或R;
Rg为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、或式-W-Rx的基团,其中的W是一个键、C2-6烯烃二基、或-(CH2)t-,其中的t为1-6;Rx为萘基、呋喃基、噻吩基或苯基,此外,Rx可被1-3个相同或不同的C1-6烷基,C1-6烷氧基,卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代;
R2为-OCOR、H、OH、-OR、-OSO2R、-OCONRoR、-O-CONHR、-OCOO(CH2)tR、或-OCOOR;
R和Ro各自为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C3-6环烷基、C2-6炔基、或苯基,苯基可被1~3个相同或不同的C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代。
可用多种方法合成式Ⅰ的氟化红豆杉醇衍生物。下面对合成的描述和具体的实施例只是为了说明的目的,不以任何方式对用其他方法制备本发明的化合物构成限制。
在一个实施方案中,可用方案Ⅰ的方法制备式Ⅰ的化合物。在方案Ⅰ中,式Ⅱ的2′-羟基保护的红豆杉醇与二乙氨基硫三氟化物(DAST)反应,除得到式ⅩⅩⅤ的8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(或简称为7,8-环丙红豆杉醇)衍生物外还得到式Ⅲ的7-α-氟代红豆杉醇衍生物。步骤(a)。步骤(a)的反应可在多种溶剂中进行,如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二乙醚、甲苯、1,1-二甲氧基乙烷(DME)等,或它们的任意组合/混合物。已普遍观察到,当步骤(a)在THF/二乙醚的混合物或大约10∶1~8∶1的甲苯;四氢呋喃中进行时,可获得较高的7-α-氟代红豆杉醇Ⅲ与7,8-环丙红豆杉醇ⅩⅩⅤ之比。在此所用的R3为常用的羟基保护基。可将式Ⅲ的化合物与化合物ⅩⅩⅤ分离开,或者不经任何分离将混合物用于步骤(b),在步骤(b)之后将产物I1与化合物ⅩⅩⅥ分离开。化合物的分离可用本领域的技术人员常用的任何常规纯化技术来进行。分离方法包括色谱法、分级结晶法等。特别适用于分离的方法是HPLC(高压液相色谱)。
在此使用的常规羟基保护基(或简称为羟基保护基)是可用于保护羟基官能团的部分,它们是本领域的技术人员熟知的。所说的基团最好是可用不会明显破坏分子的其余部分的方法除去的基团。这种易于除去的羟基保护基的实例包括氯乙酰基、甲氧甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧甲基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基(或简称为三氯乙氧羰基)、四氢吡喃基、四氢呋喃基、叔丁基、苄基、对硝基苄基、对甲氧基苄基、二苯基甲基、三C1-6烷基甲硅烷基、三苯基甲硅烷基等。其他适用的保护基见Chapter 2 of“Protecting Groups in Organic Synthesis”,Second Ed.,by Theodora W.Greene and Peter G.M.Wuts(1991,John Wiley & Sons)。特别是有利的式Ⅱ化合物的保护基是苄氧羰基,它可通过催化氢解除去,或是三C1-6烷基甲硅烷基,它可用氟离子除去。
在另一个实施方案中,可用方案Ⅱ的方法制备式I2的化合物。在方案Ⅱ中,用还原剂如氢硼化四丁铵从式I1的化合物中除去(C)13-侧链,得到式Ⅳ的7-α-氟代浆果赤霉素Ⅲ。步骤(a)。随后在步骤(b)中氮杂环丁酮ⅩⅤ与式Ⅳ的化合物反应。普通种类的式ⅩⅤ的氮杂环丁酮是众所周知的。它们的合成或其前体的合成已有报道,例如见Holton的欧洲专利申请0,400,971A2(1990年12月5日公开);Holton的欧洲专利申请0,534,709A1,0,534,708A1,和0,534,707A1(均于1993年3月31日公开);Ojima等人的Tetrahedron,48,No.34,pp6985-7012(1992);Journal of Organic Chemistry,56,pp1681-1683(1991);和Tetrahedron Letters,33,No.39,pp5737-5740(1992);Brieva等人的J.Org.Chem.,58,pp1068-1075;以及Palomo等人的Tetrahedron Letters,31,No.44,pp6429-6432(1990);这九篇文献均作为参考文献。为了生产式ⅩⅤ范围内的其它氮杂环丁酮对方法进行改动,但未在此具体公开或在以上九篇文献中公开或在其它文献中报道过的方法对本领域的技术人员来说应是显而易见的。
欧洲专利申请0,400,971A2,0,534,709A1,0,534,708A1,和0,534,707A1,以及Tetrahedron,48,No.34,pp6985-7012(1992)也描述了这样的方法,即式ⅩⅤ的氮杂环丁酮与浆果赤霉素Ⅲ衍生物或其金属醇盐的(C)13-羟基反应,得到具有多种(C)13一侧链的红豆杉醇类似物。在方案Ⅱ的步骤(b)中,在偶联之前将(C)13-碳上的羟基(用星号标示)转化为金属醇盐是有利的。所说的金属醇盐的金属阳离子最好选自Ⅰa或Ⅱa族金属。可通过使Ⅳ的化合物与强金属碱反应形成所需的金属醇盐,强金属碱如二异丙基氨化锂、C1-6烷基锂、双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化锂、苯基锂、氢化钠、氢化钾、氢化锂,或类似的碱。例如当需要醇锂时,可在惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃中使式Ⅳ的化合物与正丁基锂反应。在步骤(c)中从式Ⅴ的化合物去除R3得到式I3的化合物。当R3是三C1-6烷基甲硅烷基时,如三乙基甲硅烷基,可用氟离子或在醇或乙腈中用无机酸除去R3。用氟离子除去R3是在惰性溶剂如四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、1,4-二恶烷、DMF、氯仿、或类似的溶剂中进行的;反应介质最好用弱酸如乙酸进行缓冲。如果有7,8-环丙衍生物存在,实质上也不会影响方案Ⅱ的各步骤,条件是应考虑到由于7,8-环丙衍生物的存在会消耗适量的试剂。通常会发现在步骤(a)之后,但在步骤(b)之前分离7,8-环丙衍生物较好。
方案Ⅲ描述了一种获得式I5的化合物的方法,式中Rm为-O-COR、-OSO2R、-OCONRoR、-OCONHR、-OCOO(CH2)tR、或-OCOOR。式ⅩⅩⅩ的起始化合物 中做了充分描述或者可用红豆杉醇领域中熟知的方法来制备。例如,如方案Ⅲa所示,式ⅩⅩⅩⅧ的化合物能与RC(=O)L,R(CH2)tOC(=O)L,ROC(=O)L,LSO2R,LCONRoR,LCONHR,O=C=N-R或它们的酐衍生物反应,其中L是典型的离去基团如氯、溴、甲磺酰基、三氟甲磺酰基、或甲苯磺酰基,得到式ⅩⅩⅩⅨ的化合物。在步骤(a)中通常需要碱以脱去C-10羟基中的质子。特别适用于步骤(a)的碱为强碱如C1-6烷基锂、双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化锂、或类似的碱,其用量大约为1.1当量。用碱去质子最好在非质子传递溶剂如四氢呋喃中,在低温下,通常在-40°~0℃下进行。在步骤(b)中,式ⅩⅩⅩⅩⅨ的化合物可与式ⅩⅤ的氮杂环丁酮以与方案Ⅱ步骤(b)基本上相同的方式进行反应,得到式ⅩL的化合物,除去式ⅩL化合物上的R3基团,得到式ⅩⅩⅩ的化合物。
在式Ⅰ化合物范围内的式Ⅰ3化合物可用方案Ⅳ的方法制备。在步骤(a)中,当式Ⅵ的化合物用1~2当量常用的羟基保护试剂,优选氯甲酸三氯乙酯进行处理时,可同时得到2′-和7-羟基保护的(式ⅩⅢ化合物)和2′-和10-羟基保护的(式ⅤⅡ化合物)红豆杉醇衍生物的混合物。
在步骤(b)中式ⅩⅢ化合物随后与1,1,2-三氟-2-氯三乙胺反应,得到式Ⅷ的二烯酮。在步骤(c)中,除去保护基R3。(三氯乙氧羰基的去除或在乙酸中用锌粉来完成)。在步骤(d)中,对式ⅠⅩ化合物的二烯进行催化加氢,得到式Ⅹ化合物。随后在步骤(e)中,再次对2′-羟基加以保护,这次最好用苄氧羰基,得到式ⅩⅠ化合物。用DAST处理式Ⅺ化合物,得到式Ⅻ的氟代化合物。在步骤(g)中除去保护基R3,得到式I3化合物。
方案Ⅴ描述了一种制备式I4化合物的方法,式I4化合物也包括在式Ⅰ化合物的范围内。在步骤(a)中,式Ⅶ的化合物与DAST反应,得到式ⅩⅣ的化合物。除去R3保护基,得到式I4的化合物。
式Ⅵ的化合物或者是已知的,或者可用方案Ⅵ的方法容易地制备。步骤(a)与方案Ⅱ的步骤(b)基本上相同。在7-和10-羟基上具有保护基的式ⅩⅩⅩⅢ的浆果赤霉素Ⅲ衍生物也可以是已知的或者可从10-脱乙酰基浆果赤霉素Ⅲ容易地制备。例如见分别于1988年1月20日和1993年1月13日公开的欧洲专利申请0,253,738A1和0,522,958A1。在步骤(b)中除去羟基保护基,得到式Ⅵ的化合物。
在本申请中,符号“C”后面的下标是指某一特定基团可含有的碳原子数。例如,C1-6烷基是指具有1~6个碳原子的直链或支链烷基,这样的基团包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、正己基、3-甲基戊基、或类似的烷基;C2-6链烯基是指直链或支链的链烯基如乙烯基、烯丙基、1-丙烯基、异丙烯基、1-丁烯基、2-丁烯基、3-丁烯基、甲代烯丙基、1,1-二甲基烯丙基、1-己烯基、2-己烯基、或类似的基团;C3-6环烷基是指环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基;C2-6炔基是指直链或支链炔基如乙炔基、炔丙基(2-炔丙基)、1-炔丙基、2-丁炔基、3-丁炔基、1-己炔基、4-甲基-2-戊炔基、和类似的基团;C2-6烯烃二基是指这样的基团如乙烯-1,2-二基(1,2-亚乙烯基),2-甲基-2-丁烯-1,4-二基、2-己烯-1,6-二基、和类似的基团;C1-6烷氧基是指直链或支链烷氧基如甲氧基、乙氧基、正丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、叔丁氧基、正戊氧基、正己氧基、或3-甲基戊氧基等;卤素是指氟、氯、溴或碘。氮杂环丁酮是指氮杂环丁-2-酮。在本申请中,所有符号一经定义就保持相同的含意。
方案Ⅰ
方案Ⅱ
方案Ⅱ(续)
方案Ⅲ
方案Ⅲa
方案Ⅳ
方案Ⅳ(续)
方案Ⅴ
方案Ⅳ(续)
方案Ⅵ
方案Ⅶ
下面的具体实施例说明了本发明有代表性化合物的合成,它们不对本发明的范围构成限制。为了生产本发明所包括的化合物可对方法做某些本文公开内容以外的改动。此外,以稍有不同的方式生产相同的化合物而对方法所做的改动对于本领域的技术人员来说也是显而易见的。
应明确的是所有温度在未做规定时均为摄氏度(℃)。核磁共振(NMR)波谱特性是指化学位移(δ),以每百万的份数(ppm)表示,以四甲基硅烷(TMS)作为参照标准。对于在质子NMR波谱数据中各种不同的位移所记载的相对面积相应于分子中某一特定官能类型的氢原子数。关于峰裂数位移的性质被记载为宽单峰(bs)、宽双峰(bd)、宽三峰(bt)、宽多重峰(bm)、宽四重峰(bq)、单峰(s)、多重峰(m)、双峰(d)、四重峰(q)、三峰(t)、双双峰(dd)、双三峰(dt),和双四重峰(dq)。记录NMR谱所用的溶剂为DMSO-d6(全氘二甲亚砜)、D2O(氘化水)、CDCl3(含氘氯仿)和其它常规氘化溶剂。“Exch.”意指可与CD3OD交换的。(例如,“d plus exch.”意指双峰加上一个可交换的信号。总信号在另一个质子发生交换之后正好收缩为一个双峰)。“Incl.”意指包括。
红外(IR)光谱的描述只包括具有官能团鉴定值的吸收波数(cm-1)。
Celite是Johns-Manville Products Corporation对硅藻土的注册商标。
本文中所用的缩写符号都是本领域中广泛使用的常规缩写符号。其中一些缩写符号为:
Ac: 乙酰基
Ar: 芳基
Bz: 苯甲酰基
Cbz: 苄氧羰基
DCI: 解吸化学电离
DMF: 二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO: 二甲亚砜
FAB: 快原子轰击
h: 小时
HRMS: 高分辨质谱分析
i-PrOH: 异丙醇
min: 分钟
MS: 质谱分析
NOBA: 间硝基苯甲醇
Ph: 苯基
rt: 室温
tBu: 叔丁基
TES: 三乙基甲硅烷基
THF: 四氢呋喃
tlc: 薄层色谱
V/V: 体积/体积
Y: 产率
表1和表2列出了一些化合物,在下面的实施例中描述了这些化合物的合成:
表 1
表1-续
表1续
表 2
实施例1
2′-O-(苄氧羰基)红豆杉醇(Ⅱa)
室温下向搅拌中的红豆杉醇(150mg,0.176mmol)和N,N-二异丙基乙基胺(93μl,0.534mmol,3eq)于无水CH2CL2(4ml)的溶液中加入氯甲酸苄酯(75μL,0.525mmol,3eq)。反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时。将反应混合物浓缩到2ml体积,产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(洗脱剂;1∶1EtOAc/己烷),得到150mg(0.125mmol,Y;86%)标题化合物(Ⅱa),为白色粉末。mp=140-150℃(分解)。
[α]D 20
-53.5°(c=0.2,95% EtOH);1H-NMR(300 MHz,acetone-d6)δppm;1.18(3H,s,17-H3),1.92(3H,s,16-H3),1.66(3H,s,19-H3),1.96(3H,s,18-H3),2.16(3H,s,10-OAc),2.5(3H,s,4-OAc),3.53(1H,d,J=5.89Hz,7-OH,exchanged with D2O),3.85(1H,d,J=7.19Hz,3-H),3.9(1H,s,1-OH,exchanged with D2O),4.17(2H,ABq,20-H2),4.25(1H,m,7-H),4.97(1H,d,J=9.56Hz,5-H),5.19(2H,ABq,OCH2C6H5),5.54(1H,d,J=5.5Hz,2′-H),5.68(1H,d,J=7.13Hz,2-H),6.01(1H,dd,J=5.5,9.05Hz,3′-H),6.17(1H,bt,J=9.0Hz,13-H),6.42(1H,s,10-H),7.28-7.69(16H,m),7.87(2H,"d",J=8Hz,3′-NHCOPh),8.14(2H,"d",J=8Hz,2-CO2Ph),8.55(1H,d,J=9.06Hz,NH,exchanged with D2O);MS(FAB-NOBA/NaI+KI);m/e988(M+H)+,1010(M+Na)+,1026(M+K)+;IR(KBr)νmax;3448,1748(C=O),1726(CONH),1250(C-O)cm-1;UV(MeOH:H2O,1∶1)λmax∶198(ε7.3x104),230nm(ε2.7x104).
HRMS calcd for C55H58NO16(MH+);988.3756.Found;988.3766.
Anal.calcd for C55H57NO16·H2O;C,65.67;H,5.92;N,1.40.Found;C,65.99;H,5.64;N,1.33.
实施例2
2′-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-α-氟代红豆杉醇(Ⅲa)
将DAST(18.7μL,0.141mmol)溶于无水二氯甲烷(0.5ml),将该溶液冷却至0℃。加入化合物Ⅱa(71mg,0.072mmol)于无水二氯甲烷(1ml)的溶液,所得溶液在0℃保持30分钟,室温下保持4小时。然后向反应混合物中加水(0.15ml)以中止反应,浓缩该混合物得到残余物。残余物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(洗脱剂;40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到61mg化合物(Ⅲa)和2′-O-苄氧羰基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(ⅩⅩⅤa)的混合物;
1H-NMR(mixture of Ⅲa and ⅩⅩⅤa,CDCl3)δ8.08(d,J=8.7Hz,2H)7.65-7.17(m,18H)6.85(exch.d,J=9.4Hz,1H),6.49(s,1H,H-10)6.25-6.14(m,1H,H-13)5.92(dd,J=9.4Hz,J′=2.4Hz,1H,H-3′)5.68(d,J=7.2Hz,1H,H-2)5.38(m,1H,H-2′)5.06(m,2H)4.96(bd,1H,H-5)4.80-4.35(m,1H,H-7)4.31-4.20(m,2H,H-20),3.94(d,H=7.2Hz,1H,H-3)2.47-1.64(m,17H incl.s at 2.38,3H,at 2.11,3H,at 1.78,3H,1.65,3H)1.10(s,3H),1.07(s,3H).
实施例3
7-α-氯代红豆杉醇(Ⅰa)
将化合物Ⅲa和2′-O-苄氧羰基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(89mg)的1∶1混合物溶于乙酸乙酯(3ml),混合物在10%Pd/C(29mg,0.027mmol)存在下,在稍高于一个大气压的氢压下进行搅拌,12小时后,除去溶剂,残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到67.7mg标题化合物和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(ⅩⅩⅥa)的混合物;为白色固体;1H-NMR(mixture of ⅩⅩⅥa and Ⅰa,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8.7Hz,2H)7.72-7.07(m,14H)6.50(s,1H,H-10)6.14(bt,1H,H-13)5.80(dd,J=9.0Hz,J′=2.4Hz,1H,H-3′)5.74(d,J=7.2,1H,H-2)4.98(d,J=8.1Hz,1H,H-5)4.77(m,1H,H-2′)4.70-4.40(m,1H,H-7)4.40-4.21(m,2H,H-20)4.02(d,J=7.2Hz,1H,H-3)2.60-1.55(m,17H,incl.s at 2.37,3H,2.20,3H,1.77,3H,1.74,3H)1.14(s,3H),1.12(s,3H).
可使用下述HPLC方法从8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇分离α-氟代红豆杉醇:
方法1:
仪器:
泵: PE系列4
柱: SHANDON HYPERCARB(石墨化碳),7μ,100×4.6mm,#59864750(有关制备型柱的资料可从KEYSTONE SCIENTIFIC,BELLEFONTE,PA获取)
注射器;PE ISS-100
检测器;HP-1040M
条件
流动相;85∶15二氯甲烷∶己烷
未损失分离∶80∶19∶1二氯甲烷∶己烷∶异丙醇
流速;2.5ml/分钟
检测器;254nm
稀释剂;样品溶于二氯甲烷
方法2
使用DYNAMAX-60A(Si83.121-C)制备型HPLC柱(30cm×2.5cm),以1∶1乙酸乙酯和己烷作洗脱剂,流速为10ml/分,7-α-氟代红豆杉醇的保留时间为15.59分钟,8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇的保留时间为16.65分钟。
实施例4
7-α-氟代红豆杉醇(Ⅰa)
将化合物Ⅱa(258mg,0.26mmol)溶于THF(1.7ml)和二乙醚(3.4ml),将溶液冷却至-78℃。将DAST(69μL,0.52mmol)加到溶液中,混合物在-78℃搅拌30分钟,然后在室温下过夜。加水(0.3ml)终止反应,混合物经浓缩得到残余物。残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;30%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到87mg(Y;33.7%)2′-O-(苄氧羰基)-7-α-氟代红豆杉醇(Ⅲa),为非晶固体。1H-NMR谱基本上与实施例2相同;19F-NMR(CDCl3)φ(vs.CF3COOH)90(ddd,JF,H7=49.6Hz,JF,H6=40.1Hz,JF,H6′=21.6Hz).
如实施例3所述脱除2′-O-苄氧羰基,得到标题化合物,产率87%。1H-NMR谱与结构一致。HRMS计算值MH+;856.3344,实测值;856.3367。
实施例5
N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-2′-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-7-α-氟代红豆杉醇(Ⅴa)
7-α-氟代红豆杉醇和2′-O-苄氧羰基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇的混合物(572mg,3∶2混合物)用溶于无水二氯甲烷(7ml)的四丁基铵氢硼化物(286mg,1.111mmol)于室温下处理过夜。过量的氢硼化物用乙酸(0.4ml)淬灭,蒸除溶剂后得到粗产物。粗产物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(洗脱剂;50%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到271mg7-α-氟代浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(Ⅳ)和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(ⅩⅩⅦ)的混合物,为白色泡沫。NMR谱与结构一致。
将化合物Ⅳ和8-去甲基-7,8-环丙浆果赤霉素Ⅲ的混合物(130mg)于无水THF(1ml)的溶液冷却至-40℃,氩气下滴加正丁基锂(1.63M己烷溶液,0.164ml,0.260mmol)。15分钟后,加入1-叔丁氧羰基-(3R,4S)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-苯基氮杂环丁酮(ⅩⅤa)(203mg,0.530mmol)于无水THF(0.5ml)的溶液,将混合物升温至0℃。使反应在0℃持续90分钟,然后用饱和氯化铵水溶液中止反应。用乙酸乙酯萃取反应混合物。乙酸乙酯层经干燥、过滤和真空浓缩,得到粗产物油状物。经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;40%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到143mg标题化合物和N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-2′-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(ⅩⅩⅥⅡa)的混合物,为白色泡沫;
1H-NMR(mixture of XXVIIIa and Va,300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.14(d,2H),7.45-7.17(m,8H),6.56(s,0.6H,H-10)6.32(s,0.4H,H-10),6.28(m,1H,H-13)5.72(d,0.6H,H-2)5.62(d,0.4H,H-2)5.44(m,1H,H-3′)5.28(exch.m,1H,N-H)5.00(d,1H,H-5)4.70-4.45(m,1H,H-7)4.50(bs,1H,H-2′)4.40-4.35(m,2H,H-20)4.05(d,1H,H-3)2.63-1.15(m,32H)0.73(m,9H)0.34(m,6H).
实施例6
N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-7-α-氟代红豆杉醇(Ⅰb)
在-5℃向含有化合物Ⅴa和N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-2′-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇混合物(100mg)的乙腈(1ml)溶液中加入HCl水溶液(0.0192ml,0.30mmol,36%溶液)。反应混合物搅拌10分钟,用乙酸乙酯(1.5ml)稀释。有机相用水洗涤、干燥、过滤和浓缩,得到残余物。残余物经硅胶色谱提纯(用40%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到73mg标题化合物和N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-8-去甲基-7,8-环丙红豆杉醇(ⅩⅩⅨa)的混合物,为白色泡沫;
1H-NMR(mixtue of XXIXa and Ib,300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(m,2H)7.60-7.22(m,8H)6.50(s,0.6H,H-10)6.30(s,0.4H,H-10)6.22(m,1H,H1-13)5.72(d,0.6H,H-2)5.61(d,0.4H,H-2)5.50-5.42(m,1H,H-3′)5.28(exch.bd,1H,N-H)5.00(d,1H,H-5)4.70-4.40(m,1H,H-7)4.60(bs,1H,H-2′)4.40-4.23(m,2H,H-20)4.02(d,1H,H-3)3.40(exch.bs,1H,O-H)2.65-1.10(m,32H).HRMS Calcd.for MH+852.3607,found 852.3604.
实施例7
7α-氟代浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(Ⅳ)
在惰性气氛下向一干烧瓶中加入2′-O-(苄氧羰基)红豆杉醇(Ⅱa)(4g,4mmol)和无水甲苯(80ml)。生成的浆液在环境温度下搅拌,同时滴加无水四氢呋喃(16ml)至无色溶液形成。将上述溶液在干冰/丙酮浴中冷却至-78℃,然后用二乙氨基硫三氟化物(DAST,1.2ml,2.5eq.)处理。搅拌反应混合物16小时,逐渐升至环境温度。过滤得到的悬液,滤液(用乙酸乙酯(30ml)稀释)用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水先后洗涤。有机层经干燥(MgSO4)和浓缩,得到白色泡沫状粗产物。粗产物经硅胶柱色谱部分提纯(用10%CH3CN/CH2Cl2洗脱),得到1.45g7-α-氟代衍生物Ⅲa和7,8-环丙加合物(ⅩⅩⅤa)的混合物(1H-NMR谱示出82∶18混合物)。
将上述混合物1.45g浸溶于乙酸乙酯(60ml),用Pd/C(300mg)处理。在50psi氢压下振摇4小时后,将反应混合物倾出,经短塞硅胶过滤并浓缩,得到的混合产物为白色泡沫(1.24g,Y;99%,1H-NMR示出为90∶10混合物)。将7-α-氟代-和7,8-环丙红豆杉醇混合物浸溶于无水二氯甲烷(30ml),用四丁基铵氢硼化物(745mg,2.9mmol.2eq.)处理,搅拌6小时。然后用乙酸(1ml)中止反应,用另一份二氯甲烷(30ml)稀释,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤。干燥(MgSO4)和浓缩有机部分。取代的红豆杉烷核心(taxanecore)粗混合物经硅胶柱色谱部分提纯(用10%CH3CN/CH2Cl2洗脱),得到标题化合物浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(510mg,60%),为7-α-氟代和7,8-环丙类似物的混合物(1H-NMR谱示出90∶10混合物),为白色泡沫。泡沫经热异丙醇结晶,得到7-α-氟代浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(Ⅳ),为白色针晶(Y;410mg);m.p.=234-236℃(分解);
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.14(d,2H,J=6Hz),7.65-7.52(m,1H),7.52-7.49(m,2H),6.57(s,1H),5.72(d,1H,J=9Hz),5.03(d,1H,J=9Hz),4.86-4.79(m,1H),4.55(dd,C-7 proton 1H,J=3.9,JH-F=47.1Hz),4.36(A of ABq,1H,J=7.8Hz),4.27(B of ABq,1H,J=7.8Hz),4.12(d,1H,J=6.9Hz),2.60-2.48(m,2H),2.30-1.07(m,22H including singlets at 2.30;2.21;2.08;1.77;1.58;1.13;1.07).
实施例8
1-叔丁氧羰基-(3R,4S)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-苯基氮杂环丁酮(ⅩⅤa)的制备,方案Ⅶ
将溶于无水二氯甲烷(15ml)的(L)苏氨酸甲酯盐酸盐(1.26g,7.44mmol)与咪唑(1.01g,14.89mmol)和叔丁氧基二苯基甲硅烷基氯(2.274g,7.816mmol)在室温下一起搅拌16小时。反应混合物用水和二氯甲烷分层。有机层用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液和水洗涤、干燥、浓缩,得到2.88g粗油状物,粗产物直接用于下一步骤;
上述的油状物(548mg,1.414mmol)于无水二氯甲烷(10ml)的溶液用苯甲醛(0.158ml,1.55mmol)在4A分子筛存在下于室温处理过夜,就地得到式ⅩⅤⅡa的化合物。将含有化合物ⅩⅤⅡa的溶液冷却至-40℃,加入三乙胺(0.20ml,1.698mmol),接着加入乙酰氧基乙酰氯(ⅩⅥa)(0.182ml,1.698mmol),用时10分钟。使混合物用4小时升至室温,产物用水和二氯甲烷分层。有机层再用水和盐水洗涤,干燥,浓缩。经硅胶色谱提纯(用1∶4EtOAc/己烷洗脱),得到411mg化合物ⅩⅤⅢa,为大约10∶1的3R,4S∶3S,4R非对映体的混合物。
用乙酸(0.15ml)和四丁基铵氟化物(TBAF,1M THF溶液,1.20ml)处理非对映体混合物(245.1mg,0.414mmol)于无水THF(2ml)的溶液。溶液在室温下搅拌14小时,然后用乙酸乙酯和5%碳酸氢钠水溶液分层,有机相干燥和浓缩。经快速硅胶色谱提纯(用1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到66mg(Y;50%)化合物ⅩⅠⅩa(一种非对映体),为泡沫状物。1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ:7.42-7.25(m,5H),5.90(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.09(d,J=4.8Hz,1H)4.28(m,1H)4.01(d,J=4.8Hz,1H)3.70(s,3H)1.73(s,3H)1.19(d,J=6.6Hz,3H).
在-78℃,用三乙胺(9.40ml,0.0671mol)和甲磺酰氯(MsCl,3.5ml,0.0457mol)处理化合物ⅩⅠⅩa(9.8g,0.0305mol)于无水二氯甲烷(100ml)的溶液。使溶液升至室温,然后用水和二氯甲烷分层,有机相用5%碳酸氢钠水溶液,稀HCl水溶液,水和盐水洗涤,浓缩后得到化合物ⅩⅩa,为粗油状残余物。粗残余物(10.0g)溶于二氯甲烷(250ml),在-78℃用臭氧处理至溶液的颜色呈蓝色。加入二甲硫(11ml),浓缩反应混合物,得到化合物ⅩⅩⅠa(粗产物)。
将化合物ⅩⅩⅠa溶于THF(150ml),在-78℃用水合肼(10ml)处理。2小时后,将混合物倾入稀HCl和乙酸乙酯中,分离两相。有机相用更多的酸,水和盐水洗涤,浓缩后得到粗产物。粗产物用硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;1-5%甲醇/二氯甲烷),得到4.40g(Y;71%)式ⅩⅩⅡa的化合物1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.38-7.24(m,5H)6.31(bs,1H)5.87(bm,1H)5.04(d,J=4.8Hz,1H)1.67(s,3H).
向冷却的(-5℃)1M KOH水溶液(140ml)和乙腈(100ml)的混合物中滴加化合物ⅩⅩⅡa(2.39g,11.22mmol)于乙腈(130ml)的溶液。混合物在0℃搅拌1小时,用乙酸乙酯(300ml),水(50ml)和饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(50ml)稀释。分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯萃取(3×200ml)。合并有机相,干燥,过滤和浓缩,得到式ⅩⅩⅡa的化合物(粗产物),然后用己烷/丙酮重结晶,mp=184-186℃,产量;1.53g(Y;82%)。
向式ⅩⅩⅢa的氮杂环丁酮(580mg,3.55mmol)于无水THF(5.0ml)的溶液中加入咪唑(265.5mg,3.90mmol),然后加入三乙基甲硅烷基氯(TESCl,0.654ml,3.90mmol)。混合物搅拌1小时,加入乙酸乙酯,有机层用盐水和10%HCl水溶液洗涤并干燥。经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;25%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到670mg(Y;68%)式ⅩⅩⅣa的化合物,为泡沫状物。
在0℃和氩气下,向搅拌中的化合物ⅩⅩⅣa(2.20g,7.92mmol)于无水THF(25ml)的溶液中加入二异丙基乙胺(1.65ml,9.51mmol)。搅拌溶液5分钟,然后加入二叔丁基碳酸酯(BoC2O,2.08g,9.51mmol)和4-二甲氨基吡啶(193.6mg,1.58mmol)。反应混合物在0℃搅拌1小时,用乙酸乙酯(250ml)稀释,混合物用盐水,10%碳酸氢钠水溶液和10%HCl水溶液洗涤并用硫酸镁干燥,浓缩后得到油状物。经快速硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;15%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到2.40g(Y;83%)式ⅩⅤa的化合物,为白色固体;
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ7.28(m,5H)5.03(m,2H)1.38(s,9H)0.76(t,J=7.56,9H)0.43(m,6H).
实施例9
7-α-氟代-2′-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇(Ⅴb)
用惰性气体吹扫7-α-氟代浆果赤霉素Ⅲ(Ⅳ)(59.3mg,0.1mmol)于无水四氢呋喃(5ml)的溶液,并于干冰/丙酮浴中冷却至-55℃。用注射器向溶液中滴加六甲基二硅氮烷锂(0.5M THF溶液,0.24ml,1.2eq.)。将得到的浅黄色溶液搅拌5分钟,然后加入外消旋1-叔丁氧羰基-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁酮(ⅩⅤb)(178.4mg,6eq.)的四氢呋喃(2ml)溶液,用时5分钟。用冰/盐水浴取代冷却浴,溶液在0℃搅拌1小时。通过加入饱和NH4Cl溶液(2ml)中止反应,然后用乙酸乙酯(25ml)稀释和用水洗涤(2×10ml)。有机层干燥(MgSO4)和浓缩,得到所需的粗产物,为无色油状物,经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂∶己烷∶乙酸乙酯=7∶3),得到标题化合物,为无色玻璃体(80.5mg,Y;84%);
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.13(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.62-7.56(m,1H),7.51-7.46(m,2H),7.38(s,1H),6.59(s,1H),6.45(dd,1H,J=1.8,3.2Hz),6.21(d,2H,J=3.2Hz),5.76(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),5.33(bt,2H),5.03(d,1H,J=7.5Hz),4.75(s,1H),4.57(dd,C-7 proton1H,J=4.3,JH-F=46.9Hz),4.37(A of ABq,1H,J=8.4Hz),4.27(B of ABq,1H,J=8.4Hz),4.05(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),2.49-1.16(m,11H,including singlets at:2.47(3H),2.20(3H),1.88(3H),1.72(3H),1.38(9H),0.83(t,9H,J=5Hz),0.55-0.37(m,6H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ206.0,171.1,169.4,169.1,167.2,155.2,152.1,141.8,141.4,133.6,131.8,130.1,129.2,128.7,110.6,107.1,96.2,93.9,81.9,80.7,80.0,78.7,77.9,77.8,75.0,72.3,70.8,56.9,56.7,52.7,42.6,40.0,35.5,33.9,33.6,28.1,28.0,25.5,22.5,21.2,20.7,14.6,14.5,14.3,14.2,6.4,4.2.
实施例10
7-α-氟代-2′-O-三乙基甲硅烷基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇(Ⅴc)
按实施例9所述方法制备,得到所需的白色泡沫状产物(Y;78%,基于回收的起始原料);
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.14(d,2H,J=9.0Hz),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.51-7.48(m,2H),7.24(dd,2H,J=2.4,3.6Hz),7.00-6.93(m,2H),6.58(s,1H),6.23(t,1H,J=9Hz),5.77(d,1H,J=6Hz),5.51-5.42(m,2H),5.03(d,1H,J=9Hz),4.57(d,1H,J=3Hz),4.59(dd,C-7 proton 1H,J=6,JH-F=48Hz),4.38(A of ABq,1H,J=6Hz),4.27(B of ABq,1H,J=6Hz),4.05(d,1H,J=7Hz),2.57-1.15(m,11H,including singlets at:2.44(3H),2.20(3H),1.88(3H),1.70(3H),1.32(9H),0.86(t,9H,J=5Hz),0.56-0.41(m,6H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ206.0,171.0,169.4,168.8,167.2,161.4,142.9,141.3,133.6,131.8,130.2,129.2,128.7,126.9,124.6,124.5,96.3,93.9,81.9,80.8,80.0,78.8,77.9,77.8,77.2,76.5,75.2,75.0,71.0,65.4,56.9,53.7,42.7,40.3,35.6,33.6,28.1,22.7,21.3,20.8,18.8,14.5,14.3,10.4,6.3,4.5.
实施例11
7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇(Ie)
将化合物(Ⅴb)(80mg,0.08mmol)于乙腈(2ml)的溶液在冰/盐水浴中冷却至0℃,向溶液中加入1N HCl溶液(0.5ml,6eq.),搅拌反应30分钟。然后真空蒸出溶剂,残余物用乙酸乙酯(25ml)和水(10ml)分层。有机层干燥(MgSO4)和浓缩,得到白色泡沫,粗产物经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;10%CH3CN/CH2Cl2),得到标题化合物,为白色泡沫(45.6mg,Y;77%,基于回收的起始原料);
[α]D=-26.2°(c.0.8mg/mL,CH2Cl2);1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.12(d,2H,J=6Hz),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.50(t,2H,J=6Hz),7.41(s,1H),6.57(s,1H),6.37-6.36(m,1H),6.33-6.31(m,1H),6.20(t,1H,J=6Hz),5.76(d,1H,J=6Hz),5.37-5.23(m,2H),5.02(d,1H,J=9Hz),4.71(bs,1H),4.57(dd,C-7 proton 1H,J=4.2,JH-F=46.8Hz),4.36(A of ABq,1H,J=8.7Hz),4.27(B of ABq,1H,J=8.1Hz),4.04(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),3.28(bs,1H),2.59-2.20(m,5H,including singlets at:2.41(3H),2.21(3H),1.85(s,3H),1.43-1.17(m,18H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ205.7,169.2,169.0,167.1,142.3,140.6,133.5,132.1,130.0,129.1,128.6,110.5,107.2,95.9,93.6,81.8,80.6,78.5,77.8,77.7,74.7,72.1,71.6,56.9,55.8,51.5,42.5,39.9,35.4,33.8,33.5,28.0,27.9,25.6,22.2,20.9,20.7,14.5,14.1,14.0;HRMS calcd for MH+(C43H53NO15F);842.3399;Found;842.3389.
实施例12
7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇(Ⅰf)
按实施例11所述方法制备,得到所需的白色泡沫状产物(22.5mg,Y;61%);
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ8.12(d,2H,J=9Hz),7.64-7.59(m,1H),7.50(t,2H,J=9Hz),7.28-7.26(m,2H),7.09-7.07(m,1H),7.01-6.98(m,1H),6.56(s,1H),6.19(t,1H,J=9Hz),5.76(d,1H,J=6Hz),5.53(bd,1H,J=12Hz),5.35(d,1H,J=9Hz),5.00(d,1H,J=9Hz),4.65-4.63(m,1.5H,C-7 proton hidden),4.48(d,0.5H,J=9Hz),4.36(A of ABq,1H,J=8.7Hz),4.27(B of ABq,1H,J=8.1Hz),4.04(d,1H,J=7.2Hz),3.28(bs,1H),2.59-2.20(m,5H,including singlets at:2.39(3H),2.18(3H),1.72(s,3H),1.43-1.17(m,18H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ205.6,172.1,169.3,169.0,167.0,141.5,140.6,133.6,132.1,130.1,129.3,129.0,128.6,126.9,125.2,125.1,95.9,93.5,81.8,80.8,80.2,78.5,77.8,77.7,77.3,76.8,74.7,73.3,72.2,56.9,52.5,42.5,39.9,35.5,33.8,33.5,28.0,27.9,25.6,22.3,20.9,20.7,14.6,14.1,14.0;[α]D=-156°(c.0.25mg/mL,CH2Cl2).
实施例13
三苯甲醛缩二氨的制备PhCH(-N=CHPh)2
向一装有机械搅拌器和温度计的3升三颈烧瓶中加入1升浓NH4OH(大约30%,14.8mol)。一次加入苯甲醛(265g,2.50mol)于500ml 2-丙醇的溶液。在大约22℃强烈搅拌混合物43小时,过滤得到的浆液,滤饼用水(1L)洗涤。真空干燥后,得到242.4g三苯甲醛缩二氨,为白色固体,mp=100-102℃,产率为97.4%。
按照上述步骤,可以制备下面式RgCH(-N=CHRg)2的二亚胺;
糠醛胺(Rg=2-呋喃基)
hydrothienamide(Rg=2-噻吩基)
实施例14
(±)-顺式-3-乙酰氧基-1-〔(苯基)(亚苄基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-苯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅤa)
向一装有磁性搅拌器,温度计和滴液漏斗的1升三颈圆底烧瓶中加入三苯甲醛缩二氨(30.00g,100.5mmol)和乙酸乙酯(150ml)。在搅拌和氩气下,将反应混合物冷却至5℃,加入三乙胺(16.8ml,121mmol)。然后用90分钟滴加乙酰氧基乙酰氯(12.4ml,116mmol)于乙酸乙酯(300ml)的溶液。在此温度保持16小时后,反应混合物用1.5小时升至20℃,将其移至分液漏斗中。有机相相继用NH4Cl水溶液(饱和,150ml,100ml),NaHCO3水溶液(饱和,120ml)和盐水(120ml)洗涤。为进行表征,可在此阶段通过用MgSO4干燥有机相,过滤和真空脱除溶剂分离标题化合物。这可以定量粗产率得到所需的产物,为红色玻璃体。HPLC纯度(面积);87.9%(非对映体1∶1混合物);
1H-NMR(CDCl3,200MHz):δ8.45(s,1H,N=CH),7.80-7.85(m,1H,Ph),7.60-7.65(m,1H,Ph),7.26-7.50(m,9H,Ph),7.00-7.10(m,4H,Ph),6.28(s,0.5H,NCHN),6.23(s,0.5H,NCHN),5.81(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-3),5.76(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-3),5.30(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-4),4.75(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-4),1.63(s,3H,CH3CO);IR(KBr);ν(cm-1)=1763(C=O),1641(C=N);UV(methanol);λmax(nm)=216,252.
实施例5
(±)-顺式-3-乙酰氧基-4-苯基氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅥa)
将实施例14的化合物于乙酸乙酯(500ml)的溶液在氩气流下谨慎地移到一个容积两升,内含有10%Pd/活性炭(6.00g)的帕尔(Parr)烧瓶中。混合物用氢气(4个大气压)处理20小时,然后用CeliteR(硅藻土,Johns Manville)滤除催化剂。滤饼用乙酸乙酯(200ml)制浆,搅拌10分钟并过滤。用乙酸乙酯(100ml)冲洗滤饼,合并滤液。有机层用10%HCl(300ml)洗涤,两层都用烧结玻璃漏斗过滤,以除去白色沉淀物(二苄胺·HCl),沉淀物用乙酸乙酯(100ml)冲洗。分离各相,有机相用另一份10%HCl(200ml)洗涤。合并在10%HCl洗液再用乙酸乙酯(200ml)萃取,合并的有机相用NaHCO3水溶液(饱和,300ml)和盐水(250ml)洗涤。有机相经MgSO4干燥,过滤并真空浓缩至75ml终体积。混合物冷却至4℃,过滤分离沉淀产物。滤饼用己烷(200ml)洗涤,得到16.12g(自三苯甲醛缩二氨的总产率为78.1%)标题化合物,为白色针晶。
mp=150-151℃;HPLC purity(area);99.8%
1H-NMR(CDCl3,200MHz):δ=7.30-7.38(m,5H,Ph),6.54(bs,exchangeable,1H,NH),5.87(dd,J=2.7,4.7Hz,1H,H-3),5.04(d,J=4.7Hz,1H,H-4),1.67(s,3H,CH3CO);IR(KBr);ν(cm-1)=3210(N-H),1755,1720(C=O);KF;0.17%;
C11H11NO3的计算值:C,64.38;H,5.40;N,6.83.
实测值;C,64.07;H,5.34;N,6.77.
实施例16
(±)-顺式-3-乙酰氧基-1-〔(2-呋喃基亚甲基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅤb)
按实施例14的方法,不同的是采用糠醛胺取代三苯甲醛缩二氨,且反应规模为18.6mmol(前例是100mmol),得到标题化合物。因此,采用糠醛胺(5.00g,18.6mmol),三乙胺(3.11ml,22.3mmol)和乙酰氧基乙酰氯(2.30ml,21.4mmol),得到6.192g(90.4%)标题化合物,为浅红色浆体。得到的是非对映体1∶1混合物;
1H-NMR(CDCl3;200MHz):δ8.211(s,0.5H,N=CH),8.208(s,0.5H,N=CH),7.14-7.56(m,3H,furyl),6.90(d,J=3.5Hz,0.5H,furyl),6.83(d,J=3.5Hz,0.5H,furyl),6.10-6.53(m,6H,furyl,NCHN),5.90(d,J=4.9Hz,0.5H,H-3),5.86(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-3),5.35(d,J=4.8Hz,0.5H,H-4),4.90(d,J=4.9Hz,0.5H,H-4),1.91(s,1.5H,CH3CO),1.88(s,1.5H,CH3CO);IR(film);ν(cm-1)=1778,1753(C=O),1642(C=N);UV(methanol);λmax(nm)=220,278.
实施例17
(±)-顺式-3-(乙酰氧基)-4-(2-呋喃基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅥb)
按实施例15的方法,不同的是产物通过制备性薄层色谱分离,基于初始的糠醛胺的量,反应以2.7mmol的规模进行,得到标题化合物。因此,将实施例16的粗产物(1.00g)再溶于乙酸乙酯(50ml),将其加到10%Pd/活性炭(150mg)中。通过制备性薄层色谱(2mm硅胶,1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷)纯化粗产物固体,得到386mg(65.8%,糠醛胺的修正总产率)标题化合物,为黄色固体。产物用乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶。
mp=118-119℃;HPLC purity(area);99.4%
1H-NMR(CDCl3,200MHz):δ7.44(t,J=1.3Hz,2H,furyl),6.39(d,J=1.3Hz,1H,furyl),6.21(bs,exchangeable,1H,NH),5.88(dd,J=2.2,4.6Hz,1H,H-3),5.05(d,J=4.6Hz,1H,H-4),1.92(s,3H,CH3CO);IR(KBr);ν(cm-1)=3203(N-H),1756,1726,(C=O);UV(methanol):λmax(nm)=222.
实施例18
(±)-顺式-3-乙酰氧基-1-〔(2-噻吩基)(2-噻吩基亚甲基亚氨基)甲基〕-4-(2-噻吩基氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅤc)
按实施例14的方法,不同是采用hydrothienamide取代三苯甲醛缩二氨,得到标题化合物。因此,使用hydrothienamide(30g,94.7mmol),三乙胺(15.84ml,114mmol)和乙酰氧基乙酰氯(11.6ml,108mmol),得到标题化合物,为粘油状产物。得到的是非对映体混合物;
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ8.52(s,1H),8.502(s,1H),7.51(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),7.45(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),7.41(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),7.37(d,1H),7.30(m,3H),7.16(m,1H),7.16(m,3H),7.09(m,2H),6.94(m,1H),6.89(m,1H),6.81-6.74(m,4H),6.48(s,1H),6.43(s,1H),5.85(m,2H),5.59(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),5.17(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),1.87(s,3H),1.86(s,3H).
实施例19
(±)-顺式-3-(乙酰氧基)-4-(2-噻吩基)氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅥc)
在25℃,将70%乙酸水溶液(0.35ml冰乙酸和0.15ml水)一次加到化合物ⅩⅩⅩⅤc(0.431g,1.03mmol)于二氯甲烷(2.93ml)的搅拌溶液中。使反应混合物回流,搅拌2.5小时。用50ml二氯甲烷稀释反应,用75ml份的饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液洗涤,然后用一份50ml饱和盐水洗涤。将有机提取物真空浓缩为褐色油状物,溶于少量二氯甲烷,然后将其置于4″×0.5″硅胶柱上。采用梯度洗脱(10-60%EtOAc/己烷),先得到较低极性的副产物,然后是标题化合物(0.154g,Y;75%),为白色固体。
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ7.32(dd,J=4.7,1.5Hz,1H),7.03(m,2H),6.75(bs,1H),5.86(dd,J=4.6,2.7Hz,1H),5.27(d,J=5.3Hz,1H),1.83(s,3H);13C-NMR(CDCl3):δ169.3,165.5,138.4,127.1,127.07,126.2,78.3,54.0,20.0.
实施例20
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰氧基红豆杉醇(Ⅰc)
10-去乙酰基红豆杉醇Ⅵa(140mg,0.173mmol)于无水二氯甲烷(3.5ml)的溶液在0℃用吡啶(0.028ml,0.346mmol)和氯甲酸三氯乙酯(0.0724ml,0.260mmol)处理。在此温度1小时后撤掉冷却浴,混合物在室温下搅拌过夜。蒸出溶剂,残余物用硅胶柱色谱提纯(用30-50%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到92.3mg(Y;46%)化合物ⅩⅢa,为泡沫状物。继续洗脱还获得了化合物Ⅶa,产率16%,为泡沫状物。
化合物ⅩⅢa(92.3mg,0.079mmol)于无水二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液用1,1,2-三氟-2-氯代三乙胺(0.0384ml,0.238mmol)处理。将溶液搅拌过夜,蒸出溶剂,残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(用25%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到42.8mg(Y;47%)化合物Ⅷa,为白色固体。
将二烯酮Ⅷa(39mg,0.034mmol)溶于甲醇(0.5ml)和乙酸(0.5ml)。加入锌粉(66.4mg,1.02mmol),混合物在40℃保持1小时。滤除不溶物,浓缩滤液,残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(用60%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到22mg(Y;81.5%)化合物Ⅸa,为泡沫。
在室温下在10%Pd/C(14.7mg)存在下,以稍高于一个大气压的压力氢化二烯酮Ⅸa(22mg,0.028mmol)于乙酸乙酯的溶液5.5小时。滤除催化剂,产物用硅胶色谱提纯(用1∶1乙酸乙酯/己烷活脱),得到15mg(Y;68%)化合物Ⅹa,为泡沫状物。
化合物Ⅹa(27mg,0.034mmol)于二氯甲烷(1ml)的溶液先用氯甲酸苄酯(0.0146ml,0.102mmol)处理,接着用二异丙基乙胺(0.0177ml,0.102mmol)处理。反应混合物在0℃搅拌45分钟,在室温搅拌12小时。蒸出溶剂,残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(用40%乙酸乙酯/己烷洗脱),得到25.5mg(Y;81%)化合物Ⅵa,为泡沫状物。
在0℃,用DAST(0.0071ml,0.055mmol)处理化合物ⅩⅠa(25.5mg,0.028mmol)于二氯甲烷(0.8ml)的溶液。在0℃保持45分钟后,使反应在室温下再进行5小时。蒸出溶剂和色谱提纯,得到ⅩⅡa,为粗产物泡沫状物。该化合物溶于乙酸乙酯(1ml),在Pd/C(10%,8.9mg)存在下,在稍高于一个大气压的氢压下于室温搅拌12小时。滤除催化剂,产物用硅胶色谱提纯,得到10mg(Y;40%,两步骤)化合物Ⅰc,为泡沫状物。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.08(d,2H)7.70(d,2H),7.68-7.28(m,11H)7.04(d,1H)6.04(bt,1H)5.75(dd,1H)5.69(d,1H)4.92(d,1H),4.72(dd,1H)4.55(dd,JH-F=47Hz)4.30-4.21(m,3H)3.81(dd,1H)3.47(d,exch,1H)3.37(bd,1H)2.48-1.30(m,13H,incl.singlets at 2.30,1.72,1.61)1.07(s,3H),1.02(s,3H);HRMS Calcd for MH+:798.3290,found,798.3264.
实施例21
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基红豆杉醇(Ⅰd)
化合物Ⅶa(如上述所得,120mg,0.103mmol)于二氯甲烷(2ml)的溶液在0℃冷却,用DAST(0.0266ml,0.207mmol)处理。溶液在0℃搅拌30分钟,在室温下搅拌4小时。加水(0.05ml)中止反应。浓缩反应混合物,残余物经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;30%乙酸乙酯/己烷),得到81mg(Y;68%)化合物ⅩⅣa,为泡沫状物。将该化合物(63mg,0.054mmol)溶于甲醇(0.5ml)和乙酸(0.5ml),在45℃用锌粉(104mg,1.62mmol)处理90分钟。过滤反应混合物,浓缩滤液。残余物经硅胶色谱提纯(洗脱剂;40%己烷/60%乙酸乙酯),得到38mg(Y;86%)化合物Ⅰd,为白色固体。
1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ8.17(d,2H)7.78(d,2H)7.66-7.26(m,11H)7.15(d,1H)6.20(bt,1H)5.83(dd,1H)5.76(d,1H),5.22(s,1H)5.01(d,1H),4.80(m,1H)4.56(dd,JH-F=47Hz)4.40(m,2H)4.10(d plusexch.s,2H)3.55(d,exch.1H)2.66-1.70(m,13H,incl.s at 2.41,1.82,1.76)1.12(s,3H)1.03(s,3H);HRMS calcd for MH+:814.3239,found 814.3214.
实施例22
(±)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅦa)
乙酰氧基内酰胺ⅩⅩⅩⅥb(3.78g,19.4mmol)于60ml甲醇的溶液与K2CO3(20mg,0.14mmol)一起搅拌90分钟,溶液用Dowex50W-X8中和并过滤。浓缩滤液,将残余物溶于80ml无水THF,于0℃与咪唑(1.44g,21.2mmol)和TESCl(3.4ml,20.2mmol)一起搅拌30分钟。溶液用乙酸乙酯稀释和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(用3∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱),得到4.47g(Y;86%)标题化合物,为无色油状物。
IR(film)3276(broad),1768,1184,732cm-1;1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)δ7.38(s,1H),6.39(bs,1H),6.35(s,2H),5.05(dd,J=4.6,2.3Hz,1H),4.78(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),0.82(t,J-8.5Hz,6H),0.50(dq,J=8.5,1.8Hz,9H);13C-NMR(CDCl3,75.5Hz)δ169.6,150.4,142.6,110.5,109.1,79.6,53.2,6.4,4.4.
实施例23
(±)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-(2-呋喃基)-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅤb)
TES内酰胺ⅩⅩⅩⅦa(2.05g,7.7mmol)于30ml二氯甲烷的溶液在0℃与二异丙基乙胺(1.5ml,8.6mmol)和二叔丁基碳酸酯(2.0g,9.2mmol)一起搅拌,加入催化量的二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)。溶液用二氯甲烷稀释和盐水洗涤,用MgSO4干燥并浓缩。残余物用硅胶色谱提纯(用8∶1己烷/乙酸乙酯洗脱),得到2.0g(Y;70%)标题化合物,为蜡状固体。
实施例24
(±)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-(2-噻吩基)-氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅩⅩⅦb)
将3-乙氧基内酰胺ⅩⅩⅩⅥc(2.5g,11.8mmol)溶于甲醇(10ml)并用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(10ml)处理,在环境温度下将得到的浆液搅拌3小时。然后用乙酸乙酯(20ml)稀释反应并用水(15ml)洗涤。用乙酸乙酯反萃取水相数次,用MgSO4干燥合并的有机相,浓缩后得到一种黄色固体(Y;1.7g)。将粗制物溶于干四氢呋喃(20ml)并在冰/水浴中使溶液冷却至5℃。然后加入咪唑(752mg,1.1eq)。搅拌5分钟后,滴加三乙基氯硅烷(1.85ml,1.1eq)。在此温度下将得到的悬浮液搅拌3小时;然后滤除固体。用水洗涤有机相(2×20ml),然后干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。用硅胶柱色谱(洗脱剂为己烷/乙酸乙酯7∶3)提纯粗产物,得到预期产物,为无色固体(1.5g,Y;45%)。m.p.70-71℃;
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.32-7.30(m,1H);7.05-6.98(m,2H),5.06-5.05(m,2H),0.82(t,9H,J=8Hz),0.55-0.46(m,6H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ169.1,139.7,126.5,126.4,125.8,79.4,55.1,6.3,4.4.
实施例25
(±)-顺式-3-三乙基甲硅烷基氧基-4-(2-噻吩基)-N-叔丁氧羰基氮杂环丁-2-酮(ⅩⅤc)
将甲硅烷基氮杂环丁酮ⅩⅩⅩⅦb(425.7mg,1.48mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(10ml)中并在冰/水浴中冷却在5℃。用催化剂量的DMAP,接着用二异丙基乙胺(0.25ml,1.0eq),再用二叔丁基碳酸酯(388.4mg,1.2eq)处理该反应。在此温度下搅拌2小时后,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液(5ml)中止反应,用水(5ml)洗涤有机相,然后干燥(MgSO4),通过一个硅胶短塞,浓缩后得到预期产物,为一种无色油状物(525.3mg,Y;93%);
1H-NMR(300MHz,CDCl3):δ7.31-7.29(m,1H),7.08-7.07(m,1H),7.00-6.58(m,1H),5.31(d,1H,J=6Hz),5.03(d,1H,J=6Hz),1.40(s,9H),0.83(t,9H,J=8Hz),0.56-0.47(m,6H);13C-NMR(75.6MHz,CDCl3):δ165.5,147.5,136.4,127.6,126.2,126.1,83.3,77.3,57.9,27.7,6.2,4.3.
实施例26
按照本文所述的方法和实施例,可合成下列式Ⅰ的特定红豆杉醇衍生物;
7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-噻吩基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=OAc)
7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-呋喃基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=OAc)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-苯甲酰基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-呋喃基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=-O-COC6H5)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-苯甲酰基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-噻吩基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=-O-COC6H5)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-甲基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-噻吩基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=OCH3)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-苯基甲基羰基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-呋喃基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=-OC(=O)OCH2C6H5)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-正丁基羰基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-噻吩基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=OCOCH2CH2CH2CH3)
7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基-10-甲基磺酰基-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)红豆杉醇(Rg=2-呋喃基,R1=苯甲酰基,R2=-OSO2CH3)
实施例27
选择性地衍生10-去乙酰基浆果赤霉素的C-10位的代表性实例
10-苯甲酰基-10-去乙酰基-7-三乙基甲硅烷基浆果赤霉素(ⅩⅩⅩⅠⅩa)
在氩气氛下,将式ⅩⅩⅩⅧ的浆果赤霉素衍生物(其中R3=SiEt3)(43.5mg,0.066mmol)溶于干四氢呋喃(1.0ml)中,使溶液冷却至-40℃并缓慢加入n-BuLi(0.050ml,0.82mmol,1.6M溶液)。搅拌5分钟后,加入苯甲酰氯(0.030ml,0.26mmol)并使反应混合物温热至0℃。将反应混合物搅拌1.5小时,然后用氯化铵的饱和溶液(2ml)中止反应。用乙酸乙酯萃取水相(2×5ml),干燥(硫酸镁),蒸发后得到一种油状物。用快速硅胶色谱(洗脱剂为50%乙酸乙酯/己烷)提纯,得到标题化合物(30mg,Y;60%,式ⅩⅩⅩⅠⅩ的化合物,其中R3=Si(Et)3,Rm=OCOC6H5),为一种泡沫状物;
1H-NMR(CDCl3):δ
8.17-8.05(m,4H),7.64-7.42(m,6H),6.67(s,1H),5.67(d,1H),4.95(d,1H),4.81(m,1H),4.56(dd,1H),4.30(d,1H),4.14(d,1H),3.92(d,1H),2.50(m,1H),2.30-2.0(m,18H),1.92-1.80(m,1H),1.72-1.62(bs,4H),1.30(s,3H),1.00(s,3H),0.89(t,3H),0.56(q,6H);HRMS(FAB/NOBA):Calculated for C42H54O11Si(MH+):762.3435.Found 762.3427.
用这种方法,可制备C-10碳酸盐、磺酸盐、氨基甲酸盐、醚类等。当使用六甲基二硅氮烷锂时,产率更好。
生物学数据
体外细胞毒性数据
本发明的7-氟代红豆杉醇衍生物对人结肠癌细胞HCT-116和HCT-116/VM46具有体外胞毒活性。HCT-116/VM46细胞是预选出来的替尼泊甙(teniposide)抗性细胞,它们可表达多种药物抗性表型,包括对红豆杉醇的抗性。在HCT-116人结肠癌细胞中通过XTT(2,3-双(2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-磺苯基)-5-〔(苯基氨基)羰基〕2H-四唑鎓氢氧化物)测定法(如D.A.Scudiero等人所报道的,见“Evaluation of soluble tetrazolium/formazan assay for cell growth and drug sensitivity in culture using human and other tumor cell lines”,Cancer Res.48:4827-4833,1988)估测了细胞毒性。在96孔微量滴定板中以每孔4000个细胞对细胞进行平板培养,24小时后加入药物并进行系列稀释。将细胞于37℃下温育72小时,此时加入四唑鎓染料,XTT。活细胞中的脱氢酶使XTT还原为在450nm处可吸光的形式,该形式可用分光光度测定法进行定量测定。吸光度越大,活细胞数目越大。结果以IC50表示。IC50是抑制细胞增殖(即,450nm处的吸光度)至未经处理的对照细胞的50%所需的药物浓度。在该测定中所评估的化合物的IC50值在表Ⅰ中给出。
表Ⅰ 对人结肠癌细胞的体外细胞毒性数据
IC50(μM)
化合物 HCT-116 HCT-116/VM46
Ic 0.301 0.979(3.3)*
Id 0.053 1.30(25)
Ia 0.011 0.158(14)
红豆杉醇 0.004 0.440(124)
*括号中的数值是相对于HCT-116细胞抗性的倍数。
小鼠M109模型
如William Rose所述(Evaluation of Madison 109 Lung Carcinoma as a Model for Screening Antitumor Drugs,Cancer Treatment Report,65,No.3-4(1981)),将0.5ml 2%(W/V)的M109肺癌浆腹膜内注入到Balb/c×DBA/2F1杂交小鼠体内。
用待研究的化合物处理小鼠,即,小鼠在肿瘤移值后的第1天、第5天和第9天或者在移植后的第5天和第8天接受各种不同剂量的腹膜内注射。每天观察小鼠的存活情况直到肿瘤移植后大约75-90天为止。每次实验有一组小鼠不做处理,作为对照组。
将化合物处理的(T)小鼠的半数存活时间与对照(C)小鼠的半数存活时间做对比。各化合物处理组小鼠这两个值之比乘以100即为%T/C,有代表性的化合物的%T/C见表Ⅱ。
表Ⅱ IP M109数据
化合物 %T/C(剂量:mg/kg/注射;时间)
Ⅰb 147(40;第5天和第8天)
本发明的式Ⅰ化合物在哺乳动物中具有肿瘤抑制活性。因此,本发明的另一个方面是关于抑制对式Ⅰ化合物敏感的哺乳动物肿瘤的方法。本发明还提供了可用于制备式Ⅰ的7-氟代红豆杉醇衍生物的中间体。
式Ⅰ的化合物也可用于制备水溶性药物前体。已经描述了许多种红豆杉醇的水溶性药物前体。例如见美国专利5,059,699(Kingston等人,1991年10月22日授权);美国专利4,942,184(Haugwitz等人,1990年7月17日授权);美国专利4,960,790(Stella等人,1990年10月2日授权);这三篇美国专利作为参考文献。在上述三篇美国专利中所述的水溶解部分也可与式Ⅰ化合物的2′-和/或10-羟基相连接使之更易溶于水。因此本发明提供了可用于制备其药物前体的抗肿瘤化合物。
本发明还提供了含有式Ⅰ化合物以及一种或多种药物上可接受的、惰性的或生理活性的载体、赋形剂、稀释剂或佐剂的药物组合物。配制红豆杉醇或其相关衍生物的实例(包括可能的剂量)在许多文献中有述,例如见美国专利4,960,790和4,814,470,可以按照这样的实例配制本发明的化合物。例如,新化合物可以片剂、丸剂、粉末混合物、胶囊、注射剂、溶液、栓剂、乳剂、分散液、食物预混物的形式以及其他适宜的形式给药。含有该化合物的药物制剂可方便地与无毒性的有机药物载体或无毒性的无机药物载体混合,通常是每剂量单位约0.01mg~2500mg,或更高,优选50~500mg。典型的药物上可接受的载体为,例如,甘露糖醇、脲、葡聚糖、乳糖、马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石、植物油、聚亚烷基二醇、乙基纤维素、聚(乙烯基吡咯烷酮)、碳酸钙、油酸乙酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙酯、苯甲酸苄酯、碳酸钠、明胶、碳酸钾、硅酸、以及其他常用的可接受的载体。药物制剂还可含有无毒性的辅助性物质如乳化剂、防腐剂、润湿剂等等,例如脱水山梨醇单月桂酸酯、三乙醇胺油酸酯、聚氧乙烯单硬脂酸酯、甘油三棕榈酸酯、二辛基磺基琥珀酸钠等等。
本发明的化合物也可被冷冻干燥,需要时再与其他药物上可接受的赋形剂混合制成适合于胃肠外可注射给药的制剂。对于这样的给药,可使制剂重新溶于水(普通水或盐水)或水与有机溶剂如丙二醇、乙醇等的混合物。
在治疗哺乳动物肿瘤中,本发明的化合物可按照与红豆杉醇基本相同的方式使用。在人类癌症患者中红豆杉醇的给药方式、剂量和时间已被广泛研究。例如见Ann.Int.Med.,111,pp273-279(1989)。对于本发明的化合物,给药剂量,是单剂量、多剂量、还是日剂量,当然要随着所用具体化合物的不同而变化,因为化合物的药效是不同的,同时还要取决于所选择的给药途径、病人的身材以及病症的性质。给药剂量没有一定的限制,通常是有效量,或以药理学活性游离形式的摩尔计等量,药理学活性游离形式是当活性药物的代谢达到其预期的药理学和生理学效果时由剂量制剂产生的。给药剂量一般为0.8-8mg/kg/体重或大约50-275mg/病人的m2。癌症治疗领域中的肿瘤学家参照红豆杉醇及其衍生物的早期研究不必经过多的实验就能确定适合于本发明化合物有效用药的方案。
Claims (13)
1、一种式Ⅰ的化合物
式中R1为-CORz,其中的Rz为RO-或R;
Rg为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C2-6炔基、C3-6环烷基、或式
-W-Rx的基团,其中的W是一个键、C2-6烯烃二基、
或-(CH2)t-其中的t为1-6;Rx为萘基、呋喃基、噻
吩基或苯基,此外,Rx可被1-3个相同或不同的C1-6
烷基,C1-6烷氧基,卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代;
R2为-OCOR、H、OH、-OR、-OSO2R、-OCONR0R、-O-CONHR、-OCOO(CH2)tR、或-OCOOR;
R和R0各自为C1-6烷基、C2-6链烯基、C3-6环烷基、C2-6炔基、或苯基,苯基可被1~3个相同或不同的C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、卤素或-CF3基选择性地取代。
2、权利要求1的化合物,其中R1为叔丁氧羰基或C6H5CO-;R2为-OCOCH3、H、或OH;Rg为苯基、2-噻吩基或2-呋喃基。
3、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代红豆杉醇。
4、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基-7-α-氟代红豆杉醇。
5、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰氧基红豆杉醇。
6、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-10-去乙酰基红豆杉醇。
7、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇。
8、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)-N-脱苯甲酰基-N-叔丁氧羰基红豆杉醇。
9、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-噻吩基)红豆杉醇。
10、权利要求2的化合物,该化合物为7-α-氟代-3′-脱苯基-3′-(2-呋喃基)红豆杉醇。
11、一种药物组合物,该组合物包括作为有效成分的如权利要求1~10任一项所述的化合物以及一种或多种药物上可接受的载体、赋形剂或稀释剂。
12、一种治疗哺乳动物肿瘤的方法,该方法包括给哺乳动物服用肿瘤敏感量的如权利要求1-10任一项所述的化合物。
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US08/029,819 US5254580A (en) | 1993-01-19 | 1993-03-11 | 7,8-cyclopropataxanes |
US08/029,819 | 1993-03-11 | ||
US08/062,687 US5294637A (en) | 1992-07-01 | 1993-05-20 | Fluoro taxols |
US08/062,687 | 1993-05-20 |
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CN1062561C (zh) * | 1992-12-15 | 2001-02-28 | 法马西亚及厄普约翰公司 | 7-卤代和7β,8β-亚甲基-紫杉醇,抗肿瘤用途以及含其药物组合物 |
CN1073106C (zh) * | 1995-04-03 | 2001-10-17 | 罗纳-布朗克罗莱尔股份有限公司 | 新的紫杉化合物,其制备方法及其药物组合物 |
CN1094940C (zh) * | 1995-04-28 | 2002-11-27 | 第一制药株式会社 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的紫杉酚衍生物 |
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US6005138A (en) | 1991-09-23 | 1999-12-21 | Florida State University | Tricyclic taxanes having a butenyl substituted side-chain and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
US6794523B2 (en) | 1991-09-23 | 2004-09-21 | Florida State University | Taxanes having t-butoxycarbonyl substituted side-chains and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
US6521660B2 (en) | 1991-09-23 | 2003-02-18 | Florida State University | 3′-alkyl substituted taxanes and pharmaceutical compositions containing them |
US5646176A (en) | 1992-12-24 | 1997-07-08 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Phosphonooxymethyl ethers of taxane derivatives |
ES2145829T3 (es) * | 1993-06-11 | 2000-07-16 | Upjohn Co | Uso antineoplasico de delta 6,7-taxoles y composiciones farmaceuticas que los contienen. |
IL127599A (en) * | 1994-01-28 | 2004-06-01 | Upjohn Co | Process for preparing isotaxol analogs |
FR2721024B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-09 | 1996-07-12 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Nouveaux taxoïdes, leur préparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent. |
FR2721023B1 (fr) * | 1994-06-09 | 1996-07-12 | Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa | Nouveaux Taxoïdes, leur préparation et les compositions pharmaceutiques qui les contiennent. |
WO1996023779A1 (fr) * | 1995-02-02 | 1996-08-08 | Daiichi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. | Derives ethers |
IT1275936B1 (it) * | 1995-03-17 | 1997-10-24 | Indena Spa | Derivati della 10-deacetilbaccatina iii e della 10-deacetil-14b- idrossibaccatina iii loro metodo di preparazione e formulazioni |
EP1913958B1 (en) * | 2006-08-03 | 2009-12-23 | Sanofi-Aventis | Antitumor compositions containing acetylcyclopropyl docetaxel and trastuzumab |
CN101863861A (zh) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-10-20 | 山东靶点药物研究有限公司 | 一种简便高效地制备紫杉醇类似物Larotaxel的方法 |
US8791279B2 (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2014-07-29 | Yung Shin Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing taxoids from baccatin derivatives using lewis acid catalyst |
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CN1062561C (zh) * | 1992-12-15 | 2001-02-28 | 法马西亚及厄普约翰公司 | 7-卤代和7β,8β-亚甲基-紫杉醇,抗肿瘤用途以及含其药物组合物 |
CN1073106C (zh) * | 1995-04-03 | 2001-10-17 | 罗纳-布朗克罗莱尔股份有限公司 | 新的紫杉化合物,其制备方法及其药物组合物 |
CN1094940C (zh) * | 1995-04-28 | 2002-11-27 | 第一制药株式会社 | 具有抗肿瘤活性的紫杉酚衍生物 |
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