CN108226447A - Coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig and test method - Google Patents
Coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108226447A CN108226447A CN201810094175.1A CN201810094175A CN108226447A CN 108226447 A CN108226447 A CN 108226447A CN 201810094175 A CN201810094175 A CN 201810094175A CN 108226447 A CN108226447 A CN 108226447A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig and test method, which includes outer framework, pressing mechanism, drawing mechanism, coal seam analog portion；The coal seam analog portion is arranged on the inside of the outer framework, its upper surface is also filled with coal seam analog material, wherein, the coal seam analog portion includes multiple mine coal chunkings and multiple prearranged pillar components, the pressing mechanism is arranged on the top of the outer framework, and the pressing mechanism adjusts unit by pressing position and is connected with the outer framework, the drawing mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the outer framework, and the drawing mechanism is connected by drawing position regulating unit with the outer framework, the present invention can be combined the irregular Striping noise of simulation with coal mining scene, its mining height is variable, exploitation rate is controllable, it pressurizes and is laid with convenient for analog material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining modelling technique field more particularly to a kind of coal underground mining surface movements three
Tie up simulation test device and test method.
Background technology
As the lasting exploitation of coal resources in China and city-building popularization, village migration cost increase, pressure coal is opened
The problem of adopting has become an important factor for restricting sustainable development for mine.At present, many mines in east China area are faced with
Severe " under three " press coal problem, and pit mining coal resources gradually decrease.Striping noise be solve pressure coal a kind of row it
Effective method will treat that exploiting field domain is reasonably divided into several ribbons, planned sequentially exploitation and reserved band, in advance
Banded zone is stayed to support goaf top covering rockmass, so as to alleviate surface subsidence, reduces the extent of the destruction of surface buildings, reaches
Coal resource high-efficiency mining, the target with control earth's surface damage coordinated development.
It is one of mining industry problem in the urgent need to address that the constructions of structures such as earth's surface village, railway is controlled, which to deform, are destroyed, nothing
By being Striping noise or adopt entirely, the stress inside the top covering rockmass of coal seam all will redistribution, cause country rock stress raisers
Phenomenon makes goaf top plate sink, crush, be caving, and strip coal pillar stress increases, and causes a certain range of earth's surface deformation, collapses
It falls into.But if choosing appropriate coal-mining method in advance, reasonably arrange working face, including determining to adopt width with width is stayed (to adopt and stay
Than), the size of working face, direction, fltting speed, optimum distance, mutual alignment and mining sequence between working face, and in detail
Strip coal pillar stress distribution law is studied, effective supporting, monitoring is carried out, will largely control surface subsidence and reduction
Above ground structure deformation.Based on this, in order to carry out rational model investigation in laboratory, different recovery schemes are simulated
Lower rock stratum and surface deformation law, by result of the test and common probability integration process, neural network prediction method, numerical computations
The conclusion of method and empirical method (typical curve method and profile function method etc.) based on field data carries out comprehensive analysis, for
The optimization design of recovery scheme has great importance.
Through retrieval and inquisition, existing coal mining Equivalent Materials Testing device is mostly to simulate coal mine to excavate top plate and rock
The mobile two-dimentional test-bed (CN205642864U, CN204789567U) of layer, technology is more mature, but is simulated in surface movement
On there are larger limitation, and inevitably influenced in simulation test by hand excavation；Partial 3-D experimental rig
Mostly case structure (CN204594982U, CN103823041A), simulation component control process in coal seam is complicated, excessively idealizes,
It is difficult to trial-produce successfully；Or limited by bearing capacity, function, size, it is impossible to simulate a variety of Striping noise modes and not
Regular seam mining, it is difficult to which effective incorporation engineering is practical to carry out model investigation.
Invention content
The present invention mainly solve the prior art in the presence of the technical issues of, so as to provide one kind can dummy strip open
It adopts, and the irregular Striping noise of simulation can be combined with coal mining scene, mining height is variable, exploitation rate is controllable, convenient for phase
The coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig and test method being laid with like material pressurization.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that：
A kind of coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig, which is characterized in that it includes outer framework, pressurization
Mechanism, drawing mechanism and coal seam analog portion；Wherein：
The outer framework includes the column for being located at four angles, and compartment of terrain is equipped with multiple threaded bores on column, passes through spiral shell
Bolt installs four bearing plates all around across threaded bore on four columns；
The coal seam analog portion is by the mine coal chunking that is interspersed and is connected with each other in the horizontal plane and reserved
Coal column component forms, and coal seam analog portion surrounding is connect with four bearing plates all around；
The pressing mechanism is arranged on the top of the outer framework, and the pressing mechanism adjusts unit by pressing position
It is connected with the outer framework, the pressing mechanism is used to pressurize to the surface of the coal rock layer analog material；
The drawing mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the outer framework, and the drawing mechanism passes through drawing position regulating unit
It is connected with the outer framework, the drawing mechanism is used for mine coal chunking described in downward drawing and simulates coal mining.
Further：Prearranged pillar component is the rectangle steel body of a bottom opening, referred to as the first rectangle steel sheet
Body, mine coal chunking are also the rectangle steel body being made of multiple small rectangle steel units, referred to as the second rectangle steel sheet
Body；Waist typed through hole is offered on four wall of inside of the first rectangle steel body, is also set at the top of the first rectangle steel body
There is the welded nut to extend internally, welded nut is connected with drawing mechanism；On four wall of inside of the second rectangle steel body
Offer threaded hole, the first rectangle steel body and the second rectangle steel body by anti-skidding fastening screw pass through waist typed through hole and
Threaded hole is connected；All around, also equal array is disposed with threaded hole on bearing plate, and coal seam analog portion is worn by bolt
The threaded hole is crossed with four bearing plates to be connected；Coal seam analog material, coal rock layer are also filled in coal seam analog portion upper surface
Analog material is surrounded by baffle, and baffle is bolted on column.
Further：The pressing mechanism includes sequentially connected first ball slide unit, hydraulic jack and load plate, the
One ball slide unit adjusts unit with pressing position and is connected, and the position of load plate is opposite with the surface location of coal rock layer analog material
Should, pressing mechanism adjusts unit by pressing position and is connected with outer framework.
Further, the pressing position adjusting unit includes center railway crossbeam, the second ball slide unit, upper rail column
With upper rail crossbeam, center railway crossbeam is symmetricly set on the left and right sides of outer framework, and the upper and lower side of center railway crossbeam
On be respectively equipped with upper slide rails and lower slide rails, the bottom of the column that gets on the right track, which passes through the second ball slide unit, to be slided with upper slide rails and connects
It connects, upper rail crossbeam is horizontally fixed on the top of upper rail column, and the first sliding rail is additionally provided on the crossbeam that gets on the right track, and first slides
Rail is slidably connected with the first ball slide unit.
Further, the drawing mechanism includes third ball slide unit, drawing instrument and pull rod, ball slide unit and drawing position
It adjusts unit to be connected, drawing instrument is threaded through on pull rod to be connected with ball slide unit, and pull rod and the first rectangle steel body weld
Nut is connected.
Further, the drawing position regulating unit includes the 4th ball slide unit, lower railway column and lower railway crossbeam,
The 4th ball slide unit of top of lower railway column is slidably connected with lower slide rails, bottom and the lower railway crossbeam of lower railway column
It is connected, the second sliding rail is additionally provided on lower railway crossbeam, the second sliding rail is slidably connected with third ball slide unit.
Further, transparent acrylic is embedded on the first baffle and the bottom of the column is additionally provided with branch
Seat.
Further, the upper rail column is identical with the structure of lower railway column, the upper rail crossbeam or lower railway
The structure of crossbeam is identical, and the structure of the first, second, third and fourth ball slide unit is identical.
The test method of experimental rig of the present invention, includes the following steps：
The first step：Being intended to simulate exploitation operating mode according to the formulation of engineering site actual conditions, (exploiting field area, is adopted at working face number
Coal method etc.), combination test apparatus；
Second step：Live coal seam and formation parameters are obtained, prepare analog material indoors；
Third walks：Experiment determines prepared analog material parameter；
4th step：Analog material, placement sensor, compaction in layers are laid in the experimental rig；
5th step：In the forward and backward face arrangement high speed camera of experimental rig, rock stratum plane is monitored with reference to digital image processing techniques
Displacement；Spatial digitizer, real time scan storage earth's surface and building deformation, shifting are laid in experimental rig earth's surface deformation observation position
Emotionally condition；
6th step：Analog simulation experiment is carried out according to set exploitation modeling scheme, is specifically included：It is intended to the exploitation of extraction
Anti-skidding fastening screw between coal chunking is unclamped, and coal is simulated using the mode that drawing mechanism pulls down mine coal chunking one by one
Exploitation after the test, data processing, analysis is carried out according to corresponding data record.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1), sequentially coordinated by mine coal chunking and interlocking for prearranged pillar component, facilitate dismounting splicing, can simulate
A variety of mining types, and the counter-bending deformability of prearranged pillar component is big, mine coal chunking is fastened thereon, and can be born larger
Load, guarantee test device can reach larger size.
2), pressing mechanism adjusts unit by pressing position and pressurizes to the surface of coal rock layer analog material, can be real
Pressure now is applied to the coal rock layer analog material of different height, different zones, ensures the reliability that stratum is laid with.
3), drawing mechanism is connected by drawing position regulating unit with outer framework, is pulled down and unpluged using drawing mechanism
Coal mining is simulated in coal mining chunking, drawing instrument can freely be controlled slowly to be pulled down by drawing bar, be drawn next mine coal group
Block is equivalent to working face and has pushed ahead a distance, fltting speed can artificial adjustment, this exploitation analog form will not be right
Other coal seams, rock stratum even surface buildings generate strong disturbance, ensure the accuracy of test data, and drawing instrument pulls open coal mining
The mode of chunking draws not get off between not having to concern mine coal chunking since frictional force is excessive, can not continue to test.
If 4) exploiting field, to be simulated is smaller, working face is less, and single test device need not be too big, then the coal
Layer analog portion can be made of completely mine coal chunking, it is not necessary to prearranged pillar component is set again, by mine coal chunking two-by-two it
Between mutual fastening, form array architecture face, each mine coal chunking on structural plane can be pulled down individually, can simulate a variety of shapes
Surface subsidence caused by the excavating condition of formula.Moreover, multiple small test devices are removed into baffle, it is respective still retains its
Column then can also carry out connection in series-parallel between each experimental rig, form large-scale array composite structure, surface area increase, it is sufficient to arrange
Go out a variety of buildings, lake etc., for simulating combined influence of the underground heavy construction excavation to ground installation, natural landscape.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly about the embodiment of the present invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can be with
Other attached drawings are obtained according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is；
Fig. 2 is that the structure of another angle of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 3 is the plan view of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention；
In Fig. 4, Fig. 4 a, Fig. 4 b and Fig. 4 c are coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experiment dress of the invention respectively
The vertical view of coal seam analog portion, bottom view and the close-up schematic view put；
In Fig. 5, Fig. 5 a, Fig. 5 b and Fig. 5 c are coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experiment dress of the invention respectively
The front view of mine coal chunking, bottom view and the shaft side figure put；
In Fig. 6, Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 6 c are coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experiment dress of the invention respectively
The front view of prearranged pillar component, right view and the shaft side figure put；
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of the column of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that the structure of the first bearing plate of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 9 is that the structure of the second bearing plate of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Figure 10 is that the structure of the first baffle of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Figure 11 is that the structure of the second baffle of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is shown
It is intended to；
Figure 12 is the upper rail column or lower rail of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention
The structure diagram of road column；
Figure 13 is the upper rail crossbeam or lower rail of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention
The structure diagram of road crossbeam；
Figure 14 is the knot of the center railway crossbeam of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is first, second or third of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention
Or the 4th ball slide unit structure diagram；
Figure 16 is the structural representation of the drawing bar of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention
Figure；
Figure 17-21 is that the simulation of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention adopts, adopts and stay entirely
Than 2 ﹕ 1,1 ﹕ 1,1 ﹕ 2,1 ﹕, 3 mining types schematic diagram；
Figure 22 is that test effect is adopted in the simulation of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention entirely
Figure；
Figure 23 is that the simulation of the coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention is adopted to stay and tested than 1 ﹕ 2
Design sketch.
In figure：
1- outer frameworks, 11- columns 11, the first bearing plates of 12-, the second bearing plates of 13-, 14- first baffles, 15- second gear
Plate, 16- threaded bores, the first threaded holes of 17-, 18- bearings, 19- transparent acrylics；
2- pressing mechanisms, 21- the first ball slide units, 22- hydraulic jacks, 23- load plates；
3- drawing mechanisms, 31- third ball slide units, 32- drawing instruments, 33- pull rods；
4- coal seams analog portion, 41- mine coal chunkings, 411- the first rectangle steel bodies, 412- waist typed through hole；413- is welded
Connected nut, 42- prearranged pillar components, 421- the second rectangle steel bodies, the second threaded holes of 422-；
5- coal rock layer analog materials,
6- pressing positions adjust unit, 61- center railway crossbeams, 62- the second ball slide units, 63- upper rail columns, 64-
Get on the right track crossbeam, 65- upper slide rails, 66- lower slide rails, the first sliding rails of 67-；
7- drawing position regulating units, the 4th ball slide units of 71-, 72- lower railway columns, 73- lower railway crossbeams；74-
Two sliding rails.
Specific embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so that advantages and features of the invention energy
It is easier to be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, so as to make a clearer definition of the protection scope of the present invention.
Refering to shown in Fig. 1-3, coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the invention, including outline border
Frame 1, pressing mechanism 2, drawing mechanism 3 and coal seam analog portion 4；
Coal seam analog portion 4 is arranged on the inside of outer framework 1, and upper surface is also filled with coal seam analog material 5, wherein,
Coal seam analog portion 4 includes multiple mine coal chunkings 41 and multiple prearranged pillar components 42, mine coal chunking 41 and prearranged pillar
Component 42 is interspersed and is connected with each other；
Pressing mechanism 2 is arranged on the top of outer framework 1, and pressing mechanism 2 adjusts unit 6 and outer framework by pressing position
1 is connected, and pressing mechanism 2 is used to pressurize to the surface of coal rock layer analog material 5；
Drawing mechanism 3 is arranged on the bottom of outer framework 1, and drawing mechanism 3 passes through drawing position regulating unit 7 and outer framework
1 is connected, and drawing mechanism 3 unplugs the simulation coal mining of coal mining chunking 41 for pulling down.
Specifically, outer framework 1 includes column 11, the first bearing plate 12, the second bearing plate 13, first baffle 14 and second gear
Plate 15, the first bearing plate 12 are fixed on the front and rear sides of coal seam analog portion 4, and the second bearing plate 13 is fixed on coal seam analog portion
4 left and right sides, column 11 are symmetricly set on the surrounding of coal seam analog portion 4, and column 11 respectively with the first bearing plate 12,
Two bearing plates 13, first baffle 14 are connected with second baffle 15, wherein, first baffle 14 and second baffle 15 are separately positioned on
The front and rear sides and the left and right sides of coal rock layer analog material 5.Preferably, it for the ease of adjusting the elemental height of experimental rig, stands
Compartment of terrain is equipped with multiple threaded bores 16, the first bearing plate 12, the second bearing plate 13, first baffle 14 in the short transverse of column 11
It is connected with second baffle 15 by bolt across threaded bore 16 with column 11.Column 11 in the present embodiment can be deep trouth
Steel, waist thickness are 10mm.
In the present invention, equal array arranges several first threaded holes 17, coal seam mould on the first bearing plate 12, the second bearing plate 13
Intend part 4 by bolt across the first threaded hole 17 with the first bearing plate 12 and the second bearing plate 13 to be connected.In the present embodiment,
First bearing plate 12 and the second bearing plate 13 are load-bearing steel plate, plate thickness 20mm.
As shown in fig.4, mine coal chunking 41 includes the first rectangle steel body 411 of bottom opening, the first rectangle steel
In the middle part of the inside of ontology 411 processed, the top of 412 and first rectangle steel body 411 of waist typed through hole is offered on surrounding side wall
Portion is additionally provided with the welded nut 413 to extend internally, and welded nut 413 is connected with drawing mechanism 3；In the present embodiment, mine coal
The length × width × height of chunking 1 is 100 × 100 × 200mm.Waist typed through hole 412 facilitates two neighboring first rectangle steel body
411 or the first installation, dismounting and mutual Frictional Slipping between rectangle steel body 411 and the second rectangle steel body 421.
As shown in fig.5, prearranged pillar component 42 includes the second rectangle steel body 421, the second rectangle steel body 421
It is made of multiple small rectangle steel bodies, in the middle part of the inside of the second rectangle steel body 421, is offered on surrounding side wall
Second threaded hole 422, the second threaded hole 422 are corresponding with the position of the first threaded hole 17；So as to facilitate the second rectangle steel
The front and back sides of ontology 421 and the first bearing plate 12 can cooperate connection, the left and right side of the second rectangle steel body 421 with
Second bearing plate 13, which cooperates, to be connected.Wherein, the first rectangle steel body 411 and the second rectangle steel body 412 pass through anti-
Sliding fastening screw is connected across waist typed through hole 412 with the second threaded hole 422.
Refering to shown in Fig. 6-16, pressing mechanism 2 includes sequentially connected first ball slide unit 21, hydraulic jack 22 and adds
Support plate 23, the first ball slide unit 21 adjust unit 6 with pressing position and are connected, position and the coal rock layer analog material of load plate 23
5 surface location is corresponding.It is acted by hydraulic jack 22, load plate 23 is driven to move down, to the table of coal rock layer analog material 5
Face position carries out pressurization compacting, which ensure that the simulation precision of coal rock layer analog material 5, and then improve the entirety of simulated experiment
Precision.
Specifically, pressing position adjusting unit 6 includes center railway crossbeam 61, the second ball slide unit 62, upper rail column
63 and upper rail crossbeam 64, center railway crossbeam 61 be symmetricly set on the left and right sides of outer framework 1, and center railway crossbeam 61
Upper slide rails 65 and lower slide rails 66 are respectively equipped in upper and lower side, the bottom of upper rail column 63 passes through the second ball slide unit 62
It is slidably connected with upper slide rails 65, upper rail crossbeam 64 is horizontally fixed on the top of upper rail column 63, and the crossbeam that gets on the right track
The first sliding rail 67 is additionally provided on 64, the first sliding rail 67 is slidably connected with the first ball slide unit 21.By driving the second ball slide unit
62 move back and forth along upper slide rails 65, you can the front and back position of pressing mechanism 2 is adjusted, and by driving 21 edge of the first ball slide unit
First sliding rail 67 moves back and forth, you can adjusts the right position of pressing mechanism 2.In embodiments of the present invention, can also by
Upper rail column 63 sets multiple height adjusting holes, adjusts the height and position of pressing mechanism 2.
Specifically, drawing mechanism 3 include third ball slide unit 31, drawing instrument 32 and pull rod 33, third ball slide unit 31 with
Drawing position regulating unit 7 is connected, and drawing instrument 32 is threaded through on pull rod 33, and is connected with third ball slide unit 31, pull rod
33 are connected with welded nut 413.In the present invention, pull rod 33 is driven to generate pulling force, the exploitation to be produced by drawing instrument 32
Coal chunking 41 is pulled down to appropriate location, and coal mining process is simulated with this.
Specifically, drawing position regulating unit 7 includes the 4th ball slide unit 71, lower railway column 72 and lower railway crossbeam
73, the 4th ball slide unit 71 of top of lower railway column 72 is slidably connected with lower slide rails 65, the bottom of lower railway column 72
It is connected with lower railway crossbeam 73, the second sliding rail 74, the second sliding rail 74 and third ball slide unit is additionally provided on lower railway crossbeam 73
31 are slidably connected.In the present invention, by the way that third ball slide unit 31 is driven to reciprocatingly slide along the second sliding rail 74, you can to adjust drawing
The right position of mechanism 3, by the way that the 4th ball slide unit 71 is driven to reciprocatingly slide along lower slide rails 66, you can to adjust drawing mechanism
3 front and back position in embodiments of the present invention, can also be adjusted by setting multiple height adjusting holes in lower railway crossbeam 73
The height and position of drawing mechanism 3.
In the present invention, for convenience of strata movement and roof destruction situation is observed, it is embedded on first baffle 14 transparent
Acrylic board 19 and for convenience adjusting of 11 position of column, the bottom of column 11 is additionally provided with bearing 18.
In the present invention, in order to facilitate processing and fabricating, upper rail column 63 is identical with the structure of lower railway column 72, upper rail
The structure of crossbeam 64 or lower railway crossbeam 73 is identical, the knot of first, second, third and fourth ball slide unit (21,62,31,71)
Structure is identical.
The test method using above-mentioned coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig of the present invention, packet
Include following steps：
The first step formulates exploitation operating mode to be simulated；As shown in Figure 17-21, for the exploitation operating mode that the present embodiment can simulate,
It respectively adopts entirely, adopt and stay than mining types such as 2 ﹕ 1,1 ﹕ 1,1 ﹕ 2,1 ﹕ 3.
Second step obtains live coal seam and formation parameters, prepares coal rock layer analog material indoors；In the present invention, it can adopt
Analog material is formulated as to the solid of different colours with coloring agent, coloring agent can be that carbon black or iron oxide red or iron are green, will according to simulation
The analog material (representing different rock-layers) of determining different parameters proportioning is asked to select different coloring agents, rock stratum analog material generally by
Solid particulate materials and fluent material are formulated according to different parameters, and coloring agent can be added in first to the solid material of analog material
In stir evenly, then add fluent material and stir evenly, each coloring agent accounts for the percentage of the quality of corresponding analog material
For 3%-8%, the coloring agent of the mass percent is mixed, the mechanics parameter of original proportioning analog material will not be changed.
Third step is laid with coal rock layer analog material, placement sensor, compaction in layers in experimental rig outer framework；
4th step arranges high speed camera in the forward and backward face of experimental rig, and rock stratum plane is monitored with reference to digital image processing techniques
Displacement；Survey line or placement spatial digitizer are laid in experimental rig earth's surface deformation observation position.
5th step carries out analog simulation experiment according to set exploitation modeling scheme.
It specifically includes：The anti-skidding fastening screw being intended between the mine coal chunking of extraction is unclamped, and will be opened using drawing mechanism
The mode that coal mining chunking pulls down one by one positions survey to simulate coal mining according to the method for arranging survey line in length and breadth in earth's surface
Point is deformed with displacement sensor earth's surface, and institute's measured data can obtain earth's surface Aberration nephogram after being handled with softwares such as MATLAB, such as
It is respectively that simulation adopts, adopts the earth's surface deformation pattern handled through software stayed than 1 ﹕, 2 operating modes entirely shown in Figure 22 and 23；It can also use
Phenomena such as three-dimensional laser scanner monitoring earth's surface deformation and building inclination, depression and related data, effect are more preferable.Off-test
Afterwards, data processing, analysis are carried out according to corresponding data record.
In conclusion advantages of the present invention is as follows：
1), sequentially coordinated by mine coal chunking and interlocking for prearranged pillar component, facilitate dismounting splicing, can simulate
A variety of mining types, and the counter-bending deformability of prearranged pillar component is big, mine coal chunking is fastened thereon, and can be born larger
Load, guarantee test device can reach larger size.
2), pressing mechanism adjusts unit by pressing position and pressurizes to the surface of coal rock layer analog material, can be real
Pressure now is applied to the coal rock layer analog material of different height, different zones, ensures the reliability that stratum is laid with.
3), drawing mechanism is connected by drawing position regulating unit with outer framework, is pulled down and unpluged using drawing mechanism
Coal mining is simulated in coal mining chunking, drawing instrument can freely be controlled slowly to be pulled down by drawing bar, be drawn next mine coal group
Block is equivalent to working face and has pushed ahead a distance, fltting speed can artificial adjustment, this exploitation analog form will not be right
Other coal seams, rock stratum even surface buildings generate strong disturbance, ensure the accuracy of test data, and drawing instrument pulls open coal mining
The mode of chunking draws not get off between not having to concern mine coal chunking since frictional force is excessive, can not continue to test.
If 4) exploiting field, to be simulated is smaller, working face is less, and single test device need not be too big, then the coal
Layer analog portion can be made of completely mine coal chunking, it is not necessary to prearranged pillar component is set again, by mine coal chunking two-by-two it
Between mutual fastening, form array architecture face, each mine coal chunking on structural plane can be pulled down individually, can simulate a variety of shapes
Surface subsidence caused by the excavating condition of formula.Moreover, multiple small test devices are removed into baffle, it is respective still retains its
Column then can also carry out connection in series-parallel between each experimental rig, form large-scale array composite structure, surface area increase, it is sufficient to arrange
Go out a variety of buildings, lake etc., for simulating combined influence of the underground heavy construction excavation to ground installation, natural landscape.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement expected without creative work, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, it is of the invention
Protection domain should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig, which is characterized in that it includes outer framework, pressuring machine
Structure, drawing mechanism and coal seam analog portion；Wherein：
The outer framework includes the column for being located at four angles, and compartment of terrain is equipped with multiple threaded bores on column, is worn by bolt
It crosses threaded bore and four bearing plates all around is installed on four columns；
The coal seam analog portion is by the mine coal chunking for being interspersed and being connected with each other in the horizontal plane and prearranged pillar
Component forms, and coal seam analog portion surrounding is connect with four bearing plates all around；
The pressing mechanism is arranged on the top of the outer framework, and the pressing mechanism by pressing position adjust unit with
The outer framework is connected, and the pressing mechanism is used to pressurize to the surface of the coal rock layer analog material；
The drawing mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the outer framework, and the drawing mechanism by drawing position regulating unit with
The outer framework is connected, and the drawing mechanism is used for mine coal chunking described in downward drawing and simulates coal mining.
2. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Prearranged pillar component is the rectangle steel body of a bottom opening, referred to as the first rectangle steel body, mine coal chunking
The rectangle steel body being made of multiple small rectangle steel units, referred to as the second rectangle steel body；In the first rectangle steel
Waist typed through hole is offered on four wall of inside of ontology processed, the welding to extend internally is additionally provided at the top of the first rectangle steel body
Nut, welded nut are connected with drawing mechanism；Offer threaded hole on four wall of inside of the second rectangle steel body, first
Rectangle steel body and the second rectangle steel body are connected by anti-skidding fastening screw across waist typed through hole with threaded hole；Preceding
Also equal array is disposed with threaded hole on the bearing plate of left and right afterwards, and coal seam analog portion is held by bolt across the threaded hole with four
Pressing plate is connected；Coal seam analog material is also filled in coal seam analog portion upper surface, coal rock layer analog material is surrounded by
Baffle, baffle are bolted on column.
3. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Pressing mechanism includes sequentially connected first ball slide unit, hydraulic jack and load plate, the first ball slide unit and pressing position
It adjusts unit to be connected, the position of load plate is corresponding with the surface location of coal rock layer analog material, and pressing mechanism passes through pressurization
Position regulating unit is connected with outer framework.
4. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described
Pressing position adjusts unit and includes center railway crossbeam, the second ball slide unit, upper rail column and upper rail crossbeam, center railway
Crossbeam is symmetricly set on the left and right sides of outer framework, and upper slide rails are respectively equipped in the upper and lower side of center railway crossbeam under
Portion's sliding rail, the bottom for the column that gets on the right track are slidably connected by the second ball slide unit with upper slide rails, and upper rail crossbeam is flatly solid
The top of upper rail column is scheduled on, and the first sliding rail is additionally provided on the crossbeam that gets on the right track, the first sliding rail and the first ball slide unit slide
Connection.
5. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Drawing mechanism includes third ball slide unit, drawing instrument and pull rod, and ball slide unit is connected with drawing position regulating unit, drawing instrument
It is threaded through on pull rod and is connected with ball slide unit, pull rod is connected with the first rectangle steel body welded nut.
6. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Drawing position regulating unit includes the 4th ball slide unit, lower railway column and lower railway crossbeam, the top of lower railway column the
Four ball slide units are slidably connected with lower slide rails, and the bottom of lower railway column is connected with lower railway crossbeam, on lower railway crossbeam
The second sliding rail is additionally provided with, the second sliding rail is slidably connected with third ball slide unit.
7. coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The bottom that transparent acrylic and the column are embedded on first baffle is additionally provided with bearing.
8. a kind of experiment side of coal underground mining surface movement three-dimensional simulation experimental rig as described in claim 1-7 is any
Method, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps：
The first step：It is intended to simulate exploitation load cases combination experimental rig according to the formulation of engineering site actual conditions；
Second step：Live coal seam and formation parameters are obtained, prepare analog material indoors；
Third walks：Experiment determines prepared analog material parameter；
4th step：Analog material, placement sensor, compaction in layers are laid in the experimental rig；
5th step：In the forward and backward face arrangement high speed camera of experimental rig, rock stratum plane position is monitored with reference to digital image processing techniques
It moves；Spatial digitizer, real time scan storage earth's surface and building deformation, movement are laid in experimental rig earth's surface deformation observation position
Situation；
6th step：Analog simulation experiment is carried out according to set exploitation modeling scheme, is specifically included：It is intended to the mine coal group of extraction
Anti-skidding fastening screw between block is unclamped, and is opened the mode that mine coal chunking pulls down one by one to simulate coal using drawing mechanism
It adopts, after the test, data processing, analysis is carried out according to corresponding data record.
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| PCT/CN2018/114278 WO2019148921A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-11-07 | Three-dimensional simulation testing device and testing method for surface movement resulting from underground coal mining |
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