CN111058849A - Geomechanical simulation test method for intelligent coal mining - Google Patents
Geomechanical simulation test method for intelligent coal mining Download PDFInfo
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- CN111058849A CN111058849A CN201910405562.7A CN201910405562A CN111058849A CN 111058849 A CN111058849 A CN 111058849A CN 201910405562 A CN201910405562 A CN 201910405562A CN 111058849 A CN111058849 A CN 111058849A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B25/00—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B25/04—Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of buildings
Abstract
The invention discloses a geomechanical simulation test method for intelligent coal mining, which comprises the following steps of: 1) carrying out similar material proportioning test, and searching proper proportioning to simulate rock strata and coal seams; 2) laying uniformly stirred bottom plate rock stratum similar materials on the bottom plate of the coal bed in a layering manner, and tamping and maintaining the materials; 3) laying a lower clapboard on the upper part of the coal seam floor; 4) arranging a sliding device above the lower partition plate; 5) laying an upper clapboard above the sliding device; 6) laying similar materials of coal beds on non-mined coal beds, tamping and maintaining; 7) laying uniformly stirred roof rock stratum similar materials on the roof of the coal seam in a layering manner, burying a detection element, and tamping and maintaining; 8) carrying out simulated ground stress loading on the model frame; 9) the power section pulls the slide to the platform to move the slide forward along the face to simulate coal seam mining. The method is simpler, easy to realize and lower in cost, and realizes the integration of the mining system and the coal conveying system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coal seam mining simulation method in general, and particularly relates to a coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method in the field of mining engineering.
Background
The three-dimensional geomechanical model test is an important research means of scientific research in the mining field, conditions are complex under the field actual working conditions, a theoretical solution under such complex boundary conditions cannot be obtained through theoretical formula deduction, a satisfactory result cannot be obtained through a numerical simulation technology due to parameter selection problems or software defects, the field test is truest and credible, but the field test process is complicated, and high requirements on manpower, material resources and financial resources are provided. The three-dimensional geomechanical model test is beneficial to highlighting main contradictions in a complex test process, is convenient to grasp and find the internal relation of phenomena, can strictly control the main parameters of a test object as a research means without being limited by external conditions and natural conditions, has important reference value in the obtained result, and can be used for verifying the conclusion obtained by a prototype sometimes. At present, similar theory and three-dimensional geomechanical model test methods have been widely applied in the field of mining engineering.
The coal seam mining simulation of the traditional geomechanical model test is to fill similar materials of a coal seam and a rock stratum into a model frame, compact and dry the similar materials, and excavate the similar materials of the coal seam manually or mechanically one by one, so that the coal seam mining process is simulated. The Chinese patent (application number 200810128331.8) simulates a coal seam by utilizing an air bag, and simulates the coal seam excavation process by air discharge of the air bag, however, the air bag is a flexible device, and pressure oscillation is easy to occur when the air bag bears pressure, so that the reliability of stress monitoring is influenced; the Chinese patent (application number 201510049794.5) simulates coal seam excavation through an electric wax melting device, but the wax melting time is long, and the process is complicated; the Chinese patent (application number 201510882637.2) controls the spiral drill rod to rotatably excavate the coal bed through the traveling gear, the system has strong reliability, the system is particularly suitable for a plane stress similarity simulation experiment, and the system is not suitable for the condition that the working face is positioned in the three-dimensional model frame; the Chinese patent (application number 201711217353.7) realizes the processes of simulating the excavation and coal loading of a coal bed through a drill rod with a helical blade, the method is also suitable for a plane stress similarity simulation experiment, and the system is not suitable for the condition that a working face is positioned in a three-dimensional model frame; the coal mining device of the Chinese patent (application number 200710118254.3) can move at the bottom of the model body to simulate the coal cutting process of a coal mining machine, and the model does not comprise a coal bed bottom plate, has a large difference from the actual situation and cannot completely reflect the actual situation; in the Chinese patent (application number 201611018784.6), the rotary cutting cutter disc reciprocates on the working surface, so that the simulated excavation of the three-dimensional geomechanical model coal seam can be realized, but the scheme has a complex structure and poor system reliability; the coal mining device of chinese patent (application number 201210476594.4) is the bull stick that has the pick, and the bull stick is arranged along the working face overall length, and the bull stick both ends are equipped with transmission and strutting arrangement, can realize three-dimensional geomechanical model coal seam simulation excavation, but the pick in this scheme is blockked up by similar material easily at the in-process of simulation excavation, loses the excavation effect, and system reliability is relatively poor.
In summary, the existing three-dimensional geomechanical model test coal seam mining simulation device has the defects of poor reliability, complex use process, complex device structure and the like, so that the excavation device with high reliability, simple and convenient use and simple device structure is urgently needed to realize the simulation of coal seam mining.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a geomechanical simulation test method for intelligent coal mining, which is simple in structure of a device, simple and easy and good in reliability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention simulates different rock strata and non-mined coal seams by laying similar materials on the model frame layer by layer, the coal seam needing to be mined is replaced by a sliding part, and then the mining of the coal seam is simulated by moving a sliding device:
firstly, performing a similar material proportioning test based on the properties of the original rock, mechanical parameters and similar criteria, and searching a proper proportioning to simulate a rock stratum and a coal bed;
secondly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred bottom rock stratum similar materials on the bottom of the coal bed layer by layer, tamping, and maintaining the bottom rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
thirdly, laying a lower partition plate on the upper part of the coal seam floor, wherein the lower partition plate is a whole plate and is integrally laid on the coal seam floor;
fourthly, arranging a sliding structure above the lower partition plate, dividing the sliding structure into a plurality of sliding units in rows and columns respectively, and connecting the adjacent front and rear sliding units and the left and right sliding units through buckles during arrangement to abut against each other;
fifthly, laying upper partition plates above the sliding structure, wherein the upper partition plates are divided into a plurality of units according to rows and columns, the long edges of the upper partition plates are vertical to the advancing direction of the working surface of the coal seam, and the adjacent front and rear upper partition plates and the left and right upper partition plates are connected in a lap joint manner and are abutted against each other when the upper partition plates are laid;
sixthly, paving similar materials of the coal bed on the non-mined coal bed according to the result of the proportioning test, tamping, and maintaining the non-mined coal bed after paving;
seventhly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred roof rock stratum similar materials on the roof of the coal seam in a layering manner, burying a detection element, tamping, and maintaining the roof rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
eighthly, calculating the stress needing oil cylinder compensation based on a similar theory, and carrying out simulated ground stress loading on the model frame;
and ninthly, the power part is positioned on the back of the reaction frame, power is provided for the sliding device through a lead screw matched with the transverse pull rod, the flexible chain and the frame, the sliding device is pulled to the platform, and the sliding device moves forwards along the working face to simulate coal seam mining.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the power part provides power for the sliding device, and can respectively simulate three conditions of not digging a roadway before mining, digging a roadway before mining and digging two roadways before mining for coal seam mining:
when the coal seam is mined without digging a roadway before mining, the last row of sliding units at the coal seam to be mined is pulled by the power part, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam. When the coal seam of one tunnel is excavated before mining, firstly, the last row of sliding units at the tunnel is pulled by the power part, so that the sliding device moves forwards to form a tunnel, and then, the last row of sliding units at the coal seam to be mined is pulled by the power part, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam; when the coal seam of the two tunnels dug before mining is mined, firstly, the last row of sliding units at the tunnel are pulled by the power part, so that the sliding device moves forwards to form the two tunnels, and then the last row of sliding units at the coal seam to be mined are pulled by the power part, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the power part comprises a lead screw, a transverse pull rod, a flexible connection and a frame. The transverse pull rod is arranged on the frame through the supporting sliding device, the transverse pull rod and the sliding device are connected through the flexible connecting and supporting sliding device, the motor is a power source of the power part, the two sides of the transverse pull rod are pushed through the screw rod mechanism, the same stroke is easily kept with the two sides of the transverse pull rod, and customization can be carried out on the market according to different thrust requirements. The use of a flexible connection instead of a rigid one is due to the limited travel of the screw, making it impossible to pull the whole slide out at once, thus requiring several cycles to complete the whole task. After the lead screw drives the sliding device to move circularly, the moved sliding units are removed, then the lead screw drives the transverse pull rod to return, but the distance between the transverse pull rod and the next group of sliding units may have errors with the original distance, and if rigid connection is adopted, the connection between the transverse pull rod and the sliding units is difficult to realize.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the frame is provided with a graduated scale and a positioning clamp, the supporting sliding device can slide on a cross beam of the frame, the positioning clamp is pressed at a preset position of the cross beam through a compression bolt, and a sensor is fixed on the supporting sliding device. The support slide pulls the slide forward through a flexible connection as it moves over the cross-piece of the frame, stopping when the locating clip contacts the sensor. The size of each step of excavation can be set in advance before excavation, and the actual engineering excavation condition can be simulated more truly and accurately.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the sliding part comprises an upper partition board, a sliding device and a lower partition board, the upper partition board is not a whole, the upper partition board is divided into a plurality of units according to rows, and the adjacent front and rear upper partition boards and the left and right upper partition boards are connected in an overlapping manner and are abutted against each other. The upper partition plate units are mutually overlapped to be beneficial to the fact that the whole upper partition plate is positioned on the same plane. The sliding device is not a complete body, and is divided into a plurality of sliding units according to rows and columns, and the adjacent front-back sliding units and the left-right sliding units are connected through buckles and are abutted against each other. Therefore, the reliability of the sliding device can be improved, the whole blocking caused by the partial blocking of the sliding device is avoided, only independent processing is needed when the partial sliding device is blocked, and the normal pushing of other sliding units is not influenced. The sliding units are connected through the buckles, so that the sliding units are easy to detach, and the detaching process of the sliding units in the test engineering is simplified.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the platform has a plurality of groups, the structures of each group are completely the same, the platform is positioned on the back of the reaction frame, and the platform is connected with the reaction frame through bolts. The platform is arranged to support the removed slide device to prevent it from being suspended.
The further technical scheme is as follows: when the coal seam mining without digging a tunnel before the simulation mining, one end of the flexible connection at the working face is connected with the transverse pull rod, the other end of the flexible connection is connected with the last row of sliding units, and the screw rod pushes the transverse pull rod, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam. Corresponding to the advancing mining in the actual project.
When a tunnel coal seam is dug before simulation mining, one end of the flexible connection at the tunnel is connected with the transverse pull rod, the other end of the flexible connection is connected with the last row of sliding units, and the screw rod pushes the transverse pull rod, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the excavation of the tunnel. And then, one end of the flexible connection at the working face is connected with the transverse pull rod, the other end of the flexible connection is connected with the last row of sliding units, and the lead screw pushes the transverse pull rod, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the exploitation of the coal seam. Corresponding to gob-side entry retaining in actual engineering.
When two tunnel coal seams are excavated before simulated mining, one end of flexible connection at the two tunnels is connected with the transverse pull rod and the other end of the flexible connection is connected with the last row of sliding units respectively, and the screw rod pushes the transverse pull rod, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the excavation of the two tunnels. And then, one end of the flexible connection at the working face is connected with the transverse pull rod, the other end of the flexible connection is connected with the last row of sliding units, and the lead screw pushes the transverse pull rod, so that the sliding device moves forwards to simulate the exploitation of the coal seam. Corresponding to retreat mining in actual projects.
The further technical scheme is as follows: and taking out a row of sliding units from one side of a retaining wall behind the model frame every time when the accumulated advancing distance of the working surface reaches the width of the sliding units, wherein the width of the platform, the stroke of the lead screw and the length of the frame are slightly larger than the width of the sliding units. The operation is simple, and the forward propulsion of the working face is realized.
The further technical scheme is as follows: when the accumulated working face propelling distance reaches the width of the strip plate, the strip plate after coal mining falls to the bottom plate of the coal bed, the strip plates are closely arranged and mutually connected in a lap joint mode, and the structure is simple and does not affect the caving of a goaf.
The further technical scheme is as follows: when the coal seam is mined, the shape of the sliding unit at the roadway can be set according to the shape of the roadway, so that the excavation of the roadways with different shapes can be simulated.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the device related by the invention has the advantages of obviously simpler structure, easy realization and lower cost; the patent thoroughly solves the defects of the coal seam mining simulation method of the existing three-dimensional geomechanical model test: the integration of a mining system and a coal conveying system cannot be realized, namely, special equipment is needed to convey coal bed powder to realize the purpose of coal conveying; the device related by the invention not only can simulate coal seam mining, but also can realize the simulation of roadway excavation, and can be applied to three conditions of not excavating a roadway before working face mining, only excavating one roadway and excavating two roadways, and the existing coal seam mining simulation method of the three-dimensional geomechanical model test can only singly realize one condition of three conditions of not excavating the roadway before working face mining, only excavating one roadway and excavating two roadways, and if the other two conditions are reached, measures are also needed to be taken; the sliding structure unitized design related by the invention has simple principle for realizing coal mining simulation and higher reliability, and the coal mining simulation method of the existing three-dimensional geomechanical model test needs a cutter to cut and simulate coal bed materials, so that cutting equipment is easy to generate problems, such as failure in effective cutting or blockage, and after the coal mining simulation method goes deep into the model, the fault removal is very difficult, so the reliability of the whole equipment is poorer.
In addition, the device can monitor the coal seam advancing speed in real time in the mining process and correct the coal seam advancing speed in time, so that the mining precision of the coal seam is improved, and the mining effect of a model test is closer to the actual engineering.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, serve to provide a further understanding of the application and to enable other features, objects, and advantages of the application to be more apparent. The drawings and their description illustrate the embodiments of the invention and do not limit it. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sliding part;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sliding unit;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection between the sliding units;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a power section;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the relationship between the cross brace and the frame.
In the figure: 1-a power section; 2-a sliding part; 3-a platform; 4-reaction frame; 5-an upper partition plate; 6-a sliding device; 7-a lower baffle plate; 8-a sliding unit; 9-buckling; 10-a lead screw; 11-a transverse tie rod; 12-a flexible connection; 13-a frame; 14-a cross beam; 15-a graduated scale; 16-a positioning clip; 17-a hold-down bolt; 18-a support slide; 19-sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, a coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method includes the following steps:
firstly, performing a similar material proportioning test based on the properties of the original rock, mechanical parameters and similar criteria, and searching a proper proportioning to simulate a rock stratum and a coal bed;
secondly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred bottom rock stratum similar materials on the bottom of the coal bed layer by layer, tamping, and maintaining the bottom rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
thirdly, laying a lower partition plate 7 at the upper part of the coal seam floor, wherein the lower partition plate 7 is a whole plate and is integrally laid on the coal seam floor;
fourthly, arranging sliding devices 6 above the lower partition plate 7, dividing the sliding devices into a plurality of sliding units 8 according to rows and columns, and connecting the adjacent front and rear sliding units 8 and the left and right sliding units 8 through buckles 9 during arrangement to abut against each other;
fifthly, laying upper partition plates 5 above the sliding part, wherein the upper partition plates 5 are respectively divided into a plurality of units in rows, the long edges of the upper partition plates 5 are vertical to the advancing direction of the working surface of the coal seam, and the adjacent front and rear upper partition plates 5 and the left and right upper partition plates 5 are connected in a lap joint manner and are abutted against each other when being laid;
sixthly, paving similar materials of the coal bed on the non-mined coal bed according to the result of the proportioning test, tamping, and maintaining the non-mined coal bed after paving;
seventhly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred roof rock stratum similar materials on the roof of the coal seam in a layering manner, burying a detection element, tamping, and maintaining the roof rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
eighthly, calculating the stress needing oil cylinder compensation based on a similar theory, and carrying out simulated ground stress loading on the model frame;
and ninthly, the power part 1 is positioned at the back of the reaction frame 4, the screw rod 10 is matched with the transverse pull rod 11, the flexible connection 12 and the frame 13 to provide power for the sliding device 6, the sliding device 6 is pulled to the platform 3, and the sliding device 6 moves forwards along the working face to simulate coal seam mining.
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that similar material ratios and calculations in this embodiment are generally performed by using gypsum, sand and lime based on the prior art in this field, and this process is a technical point generally known in the art and will not be described herein.
The invention simulates different rock formations and non-mined coal seams by laying similar materials in layers on the model frame, while the coal seam to be mined is replaced by the sliding part 2, and then the mining of the coal seam is simulated by moving the sliding device 6.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, in the coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method, the power part 1 supplies power to the sliding part 2, so that the sliding device 6 moves forwards along the working face to simulate coal mining. The sliding part 2 comprises an upper partition plate 5, a sliding device 6 and a lower partition plate 7, wherein the upper partition plate 5 is not a whole, and is respectively divided into a plurality of units in rows and columns, and the adjacent front and rear upper partition plates 5 and the left and right upper partition plates 5 are connected by lap joint and are abutted against each other. The upper partition plate units are mutually overlapped to be beneficial to the fact that the whole upper partition plate is positioned on the same plane. The sliding device 6 is not a complete body, and is divided into a plurality of sliding units 8 according to rows and columns, and the adjacent front and rear sliding units 8 and the left and right sliding units 8 are connected through the buckles 9 and abut against each other. Therefore, the reliability of the sliding device 6 can be improved, the whole blocking caused by partial blocking of the sliding device 6 is avoided, only independent processing is needed when partial sliding device 6 is blocked, and normal pushing of other sliding units 8 is not influenced. The sliding units 8 are connected through the buckles 9, so that the sliding units are easy to detach, and the detaching process of the sliding units 8 in the test engineering is simplified.
As shown in fig. 2 and 6, the power portion 1 includes a lead screw 10, a transverse pull rod 11, a flexible connection 12 and a frame 13. The transverse pull rod 11 is arranged on the frame 13 through the supporting sliding device 18, the transverse pull rod 11 is connected with the sliding device 6 through the flexible connection 12 and the supporting sliding device 18, the motor 10 'is a power source of the power part 1, the motor 10' can be connected to the lead screw 10 through a transmission part comprising a speed reducer and a rotating gear, the two sides of the transverse pull rod 11 are pushed through the lead screw 10, the same stroke as the two sides is easily kept, and customization can be carried out on the market according to different thrust requirements. The use of a flexible connection 12 instead of a rigid connection is due to the limited travel of the lead screw 10, making it impossible to pull the entire slide 6 out at once, thus requiring several cycles to complete the entire task. After the screw 10 drives the sliding device 6 to perform a circular movement, the moved sliding unit 8 is removed, and then the screw 10 drives the transverse pull rod 11 to return, but the distance between the transverse pull rod 11 and the next group of sliding units 8 may have an error from the original distance, and if rigid connection is adopted, the connection between the transverse pull rod 11 and the sliding units 8 is difficult to achieve.
As shown in fig. 7, a scale 15 and a positioning clip 16 are provided on the frame 13, the support slide 18 can slide on the cross beam 14 of the frame 13, the positioning clip 16 is pressed on a predetermined position of the cross beam 14 by a pressing bolt 17, and a sensor 19 is fixed on the support slide 18. The support slide 18, when moving on the cross-member 14 of the frame 13, pulls the slide 6 forward through the flexible connection 12, stopping when the positioning clamp 16 comes into contact with the sensor 19. The size of each step of excavation can be set in advance before excavation, and the actual engineering excavation condition can be simulated more truly and accurately.
As shown in fig. 2, the platform 3 has several groups, each group has the same structure, the platform 3 is located on the back of the reaction frame 4, and the platform 3 is connected with the reaction frame 4 through bolts. The platform 3 is provided to support the removed slide 6 from suspension.
And as shown in fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, when the advancing distance of the working face cumulatively reaches the width of the sliding unit 8, taking out a row of the sliding units 8 from the platform at the side of the retaining wall behind the model frame. The width of the platform 3, the stroke of the screw 10 and the length of the frame 13 should be slightly larger than the width of the sliding unit 8. When the accumulated advancing distance of the working face reaches the width of the upper partition plate 5, the upper partition plate 5 after coal mining is finished falls to the bottom plate of the coal bed.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method is characterized in that similar materials are layered and paved on a model frame to simulate different rock stratums and non-mining coal beds, the coal bed to be mined is replaced by a sliding part (2), and then mining of the coal bed is simulated by moving a sliding device (6); the coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method is characterized in that a sliding part (2) is laid to simulate a coal seam, power is provided for the sliding part (2) through a power part (1), and the sliding part (2) moves forwards along a working face to simulate coal seam mining, and the coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method comprises the following steps:
firstly, performing a similar material proportioning test based on the properties of the original rock, mechanical parameters and similar criteria, and determining the similar material proportioning of a simulated rock stratum and a coal bed;
secondly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred bottom rock stratum similar materials on the bottom of the coal bed layer by layer, tamping, and maintaining the bottom rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
thirdly, laying a lower clapboard (7) at the upper part of the coal seam floor, wherein the lower clapboard (7) is a whole plate and is integrally laid on the coal seam floor;
fourthly, arranging sliding devices (6) above the lower partition plate (7), dividing the sliding devices into a plurality of sliding units (8) in rows and columns respectively, and connecting the adjacent front and rear sliding units (8) and the left and right sliding units (8) through buckles (9) when the sliding devices are arranged, so that the adjacent front and rear sliding units and the left and right sliding units are abutted against each other;
fifthly, laying upper partition plates (5) above the sliding part, wherein the upper partition plates (5) are respectively divided into a plurality of units in rows, the long sides of the upper partition plates (5) are vertical to the advancing direction of the working surface of the coal seam, and the adjacent front and rear upper partition plates (5) and the left and right upper partition plates (5) are connected in a lap joint manner and are abutted against each other when being laid;
sixthly, paving similar materials of the coal bed on the non-mined coal bed according to the result of the proportioning test, tamping, and maintaining the non-mined coal bed after paving;
seventhly, according to the results of the proportioning tests, laying uniformly stirred roof rock stratum similar materials on the roof of the coal seam in a layering manner, burying a detection element, tamping, and maintaining the roof rock stratum similar materials each time one layer is laid;
eighthly, calculating the stress needing oil cylinder compensation based on a similar theory, and carrying out simulated ground stress loading on the model frame;
and ninthly, the power part (2) is positioned on the back of the reaction frame (4), a lead screw (10) is matched with a transverse pull rod (11), a flexible connection (12) and a frame (13) to provide power for the sliding device (6), the sliding device (6) is pulled to the platform (3), and the sliding device (6) moves forwards along the working face to simulate coal mining.
2. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method of claim 1, characterized in that: the power part (1) provides power for the sliding device (6), and three conditions of not digging a roadway before mining, digging one roadway before mining and digging two roadways before mining in coal seam mining can be simulated respectively;
when the non-tunneling coal seam is mined before mining, the last row of sliding units (8) at the coal seam to be mined is pulled by the power part (1), so that the sliding device (6) moves forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam;
when the coal seam of one roadway is excavated before mining, firstly, the last row of sliding units (8) at the roadway is pulled by the power part (1) to enable the sliding device (6) to move forwards to form one roadway, and then the last row of sliding units (8) at the coal seam to be mined is pulled by the power part (1) to enable the sliding device (6) to move forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam;
when the coal seam of the two tunnels is dug before mining, firstly, the last row of sliding units (8) at the tunnel are pulled by the power part (1) to enable the sliding device (6) to move forwards to form the two tunnels, and then the last row of sliding units (8) at the coal seam to be mined are pulled by the power part (1) to enable the sliding device (6) to move forwards to simulate the mining of the coal seam.
3. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method of claim 1, characterized in that: the power part (1) comprises a screw rod (10), a transverse pull rod (11), a flexible connection (12) and a frame (13); the transverse pull rod (11) is arranged on the frame (13) through a supporting sliding device (18), the transverse pull rod (11) and the sliding device (6) are connected through the flexible connection (12) and the supporting sliding device (18), and the motor is a power source of the power part (1).
4. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method according to claim 3, characterized in that a graduated scale (15) and a positioning clamp (16) are arranged on the frame (13), the supporting sliding device (18) can slide on a cross beam (14) of the frame (13), the positioning clamp (16) is pressed on a preset position of the cross beam (14) through a pressing bolt (17), and a sensor (19) is fixed on the supporting sliding device (18); the support slide (18) pulls the slide (6) forward by means of the flexible connection (12) when moving on the cross-member (14) of the frame (13), stopping when the positioning clamp (16) comes into contact with the sensor (19).
5. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method of claim 1, characterized in that: the sliding part (2) comprises an upper partition plate (5), a sliding device (6) and a lower partition plate (7), the upper partition plate (5) comprises a plurality of units which are divided according to rows and columns, the adjacent front and rear upper partition plates (5) and the left and right upper partition plates (5) are connected in an overlapping mode and are abutted against each other, the sliding device (6) comprises a plurality of sliding units (8) which are divided according to rows and columns, and the adjacent front and rear sliding units (8) and the left and right sliding units (8) are connected through buckles (9) and are abutted against each other.
6. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method of claim 1, characterized in that: the platform (3) is provided with a plurality of groups, the structures of each group are completely the same, the platform (3) is positioned on the back of the reaction frame (4), and the platform (3) is connected with the reaction frame (4) through bolts.
7. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that when the mining of the coal seam without digging a tunnel before the mining is simulated, one end of the flexible connection (12) at the working face is connected with the transverse pull rod (12) and the other end is connected with the last row of sliding units (8), and the screw rod (10) is used for simulating the mining of the coal seam by pushing the transverse pull rod (12) so as to enable the sliding device (6) to move forwards.
8. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method as claimed in claim 2, wherein when a roadway coal seam is dug before the coal mining is simulated, one end of a flexible connection (12) at the roadway is connected with a transverse pull rod (11) and the other end of the flexible connection is connected with a last row of sliding units (8), and a screw rod (10) pushes the transverse pull rod (11), so that a sliding device (6) moves forwards to simulate the excavation of the roadway; then, one end of a flexible connection (12) at the working face is connected with a transverse pull rod (11) and the other end is connected with the last row of sliding units (8), and a lead screw (10) pushes the transverse pull rod (11) so that the sliding device (6) moves forwards to simulate the exploitation of the coal seam.
9. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method as claimed in claim 2, wherein when two roadway coal seam mining is dug before the simulation mining, one end of the flexible connection (12) at two roadways is connected with the transverse pull rod (11) and the other end is connected with the last row of sliding units (8), and the screw rod (10) pushes the transverse pull rod (11), so that the sliding device (6) moves forwards to simulate the digging of the two roadways; then, one end of a flexible connection (12) at the working face is connected with a transverse pull rod (11) and the other end is connected with the last row of sliding units (8), and a lead screw (10) pushes the transverse pull rod (11) so that the sliding device (6) moves forwards to simulate the exploitation of the coal seam.
10. The coal intelligent mining geomechanical simulation test method of claim 1, characterized in that: taking out a row of sliding units (8) from a platform on one side of a retaining wall behind the model frame every time when the accumulated advancing distance of the working surface reaches the width of the sliding units (8); wherein the width of the platform (3), the stroke of the lead screw (10) and the length of the frame (13) are all larger than the width of the sliding unit (8).
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