CN112763694B - Two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation - Google Patents
Two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112763694B CN112763694B CN202110123197.8A CN202110123197A CN112763694B CN 112763694 B CN112763694 B CN 112763694B CN 202110123197 A CN202110123197 A CN 202110123197A CN 112763694 B CN112763694 B CN 112763694B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, comprising a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and an experimental test system; the physical model frame is parallel to the simulated bottom surface and comprises a top beam, channel steel, side uprights, a base, steel plates, left and right baffles, a top plate and fixing bolts; the hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, an oil tank, a filter, an oil supply pipeline, an oil return pipeline, a sealing ring and a dynamic valve; the control system comprises a computer, a control cabinet and an electronic controller; the experiment test system comprises a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, a DIC test analysis system, a computer, an image acquisition card, a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a tension sensor and a pressure sensor. The device is added with a disturbance device, can simulate engineering disturbance in underground exploitation, has smaller error of measured data compared with the existing system, and has important reference value in the engineering field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, and belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation simulation experiments.
Background
Along with gradual reduction and even exhaustion of shallow mineral resources, the underground mining depth of coal resources is gradually increased, the mine of kilometer level in China is gradually increased, due to the specificity of the environment where deep rock mass is located and the complexity of stress field, particularly high-ground stress deep rock mass in a three-high-disturbance environment is extremely easy to damage and unstably caused by tunneling or mining disturbance, the original analog simulation system can only simulate static rock stratum deformation and stress evolution rules, does not accord with actual engineering background, the stress of rock stratum in the simulation system is far from actual, and the analog simulation requirement of deep coal seam mining cannot be met, so that a two-dimensional analog simulation system capable of applying disturbance is needed.
In addition, the reserves of the abandoned coal resources in many mines in China are considerable, especially, the meaning of the abandoned coal resources in the whole layer is maximum, the occurrence condition of the abandoned coal in the whole layer is complex, and the mining appearance and control technology and the like in the exploitation process are obviously different from those in the traditional conventional exploitation, so that the traditional conventional two-dimensional similar simulation test system can only simulate static rock formation deformation and stress evolution rules and is too simple, related test requirements cannot be met, and a similar simulation test capable of simulating the recovery of the residual coal is needed, and the influence of the disturbance of the recovery of the abandoned coal in the upper coal layer on the stability of surrounding rock and goaf coal pillars can be simulated in a laboratory.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, which are used for performing similarity simulation on the dynamic disturbance influence of mine tunneling so as to study the damage and damage rule of the dynamic disturbance of the underground excavation process on surrounding rock stratum.
The invention provides a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, which comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and a test system;
the physical model frame comprises a base, steel plates, upright posts, top beams, top plates, channel steel, fixing bolts and left and right baffles, wherein similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base in an experiment, the upright posts are arranged on the left and right sides of the similar materials, and a lateral loading device is arranged on the outer sides of the upright posts; the top of the uppermost similar material is provided with a top beam, a top plate is arranged on the top beam, and an axial loading device is arranged between the top beam and the top plate; and after drying, taking down the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side to perform excavation operation needing simulation.
The channel steel is used for simulating the filling of rock strata, the channel steel of each layer is fixed by a baffle plate in front of and behind, the baffle plate is vertically intersected with the channel steel, the simulated rock strata is tightly surrounded and used for filling and fixing the simulated rock strata, as shown in a figure I, the drawing assumes that the simulated ground strata of each layer are the same in height, the channel steel can be fixed on a side upright post by a fixing bolt for stabilization, threaded holes are formed in the upright post, so that a top beam is fixed, the channel steel is also fixed, a simulation platform is protected, and collapse and frame scattering are prevented.
The hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading device, a lateral loading device and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading assembly is embedded in the top beam through a sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, and the lateral loading assembly is fixed on the left and right stand columns, and applies axial and lateral loading through a loading device during experiments to simulate ground stress and disturbance force in vertical and horizontal directions; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, a dynamic valve, an oil supply pipeline, an oil tank and a sealing ring.
Particularly, all hydraulic cylinders of the equipment are designed by adopting double-sleeve cylinders, a set of disturbance oil cylinders capable of controlling pump oil through dynamic valves are embedded in a main oil cylinder externally applying static force, an oil filling port of the disturbance oil cylinder is on the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is arranged behind the side of the hydraulic cylinder, an oil tank is connected by an oil delivery pipe, and dynamic disturbance loading of sine wave and cosine wave with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa and rectangular wave can be applied;
in particular, each dynamic valve of the loading system can be independently controlled to apply disturbance waves with different properties, and the dynamic valves can be loaded through the combined synergistic action of the control system according to the requirements.
The control system comprises a control cabinet, a computer and an electronic controller; the electronic controller is connected with a computer and a control cabinet respectively for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of dynamic valves of the hydraulic cylinders, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card, the computer is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system for controlling the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system for controlling the image output.
The test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure box, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera and a computer; burying a pressure box, a tension and a stress sensor according to the design in the process of spreading similar physical simulation materials, and connecting a dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress change; the method comprises the steps of (1) arranging speckles (prepared by a paint spraying method) on the surface of a similar physical simulation material, and analyzing a displacement change rule by using a DIC test analysis system; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
In the device, the axial loading assembly is fixed up and down by the top plate and the top beam, and grooves are formed in the top plate and the top beam to realize up and down fixation and left and right movement of the axial loading assembly; the top beam is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post through a bolt; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed into a rectangular plate, so that the force application area is increased, and the phenomenon that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated is avoided, and the measurement error is increased.
In the device, the channel steel is made of steel plates, two threaded holes are respectively designed at two ends for convenient disassembly, and the two threaded holes are symmetrically arranged at a certain distance and can be fixed by bolts.
In the device, the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly and the axial loading assembly are respectively connected with the oil supply pipeline and the control system, so that disturbance can be conveniently applied, and the lateral loading assembly and the axial loading assembly can be independently controlled and can also act in a coordinated manner.
In the device, the hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-sleeve cylinder design, and can respectively apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance of designated frequency, thereby better meeting the requirement of simulation experiments.
In the device, the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are communicated, so that the installation, the movement and the disassembly of the axial loading assembly are facilitated.
The invention provides a two-dimensional similarity simulation test method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, which comprises the following steps:
step one: and selecting proper similar physical simulation stratum materials according to the collected mine geological hydrologic data and mining technical conditions, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different strata.
Step two: manufacturing simulated stratum materials according to the proportion of the similar simulated materials, respectively installing first layer of channel steel at two sides of a bottom plate of a similar physical model frame, paving the simulated stratum materials in the similar physical model frame, and compacting; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously paving simulated stratum materials, and compacting; and laying other simulated strata, laying a layer of steel plate on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box, a tension and a stress sensor at corresponding positions according to the pre-design of the stratum to be detected.
Step three: the similar simulation material is dried to meet the design requirement, the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the channel steel on one side are removed, the surface of the similar simulation material is cleaned and tidied, and DIC is arranged to detect speckle.
Step four: after the similar physical model frames are paved and installed, all the similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are debugged, and the DIC, the high-speed camera, the strain gauge, the transient electromagnetic instrument and the computer are detected.
Step five: and installing the upper axial loading system into the top beam groove and sliding the upper axial loading system to the corresponding position, debugging the loading and disturbance loading system, operating the top loading system for pressurization, and applying axial stress supplement.
Step six: according to the design exploitation, axial and lateral dynamic disturbance is applied during excavation, and the influence of dynamic disturbance such as underground exploitation blasting, mechanical vibration, caving coal and the like on surrounding rock breaking and rock stratum deformation collapse is simulated.
Step seven: while the production is in progress, the detection system detects formation deformation, formation stress, and internal fracture.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The device can simply and effectively simulate the environment of three-high and one-disturbance where the surrounding rock of deep mining is located, is more in line with the site situation, and has better development prospect for gradually deepened mine mining in China.
(2) The simulation test system can be used for carrying out simulation tests with additional upstream mining disturbance and taking test results as references under the condition of higher industrial field test cost such as upstream mining, filling mining and the like of abandoned coal resources.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional simulation test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test apparatus for mining under the synergistic effect of high ground stress and dynamic disturbance;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test device for upper layer coal-missing uplink mining disturbance research;
FIG. 4 is a top view of an axial hydraulic loading assembly;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a right side oblique view of FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of a rectangular plate at the end of a hydraulic ram piston.
In the figure: the device comprises a 1-axial loading assembly, a 2-top beam fixing bolt, a 3-top beam, a 4-channel steel, a 5-upright post, a 6-lateral loading assembly, a 7-base, an 8-steel plate, a 9-coal seam to be mined, a 10-stope face, an 11-hydraulic oil pump, a 12-control cabinet, a 13-computer, a 14-oil supply pipeline, a 15-bolt, a 16-goaf, a 17-stope roadway, a 18-legacy coal pillar, a 19-simulation bottom layer, a 20-top plate, a 21-hydraulic cylinder, a 22-rectangular plate and a 23-simulation stratum.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
1-7, a two-dimensional similar simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and a test system;
the physical model frame comprises a base 7, a steel plate 8, upright posts 5, a top beam 3, a top plate 20, channel steel 4, bolts 15 and left and right baffles, wherein similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base 7 in an experiment, the upright posts 5 are arranged on the left and right sides of the similar materials, and a lateral loading assembly 6 is arranged on the outer side of each upright post 5; the top of the uppermost similar material is provided with a top beam 3, the top beam 3 is provided with a top plate 20, and an axial loading assembly 1 is arranged between the top beam 3 and the top plate 20; and after drying, taking down the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side to perform excavation operation needing simulation.
The channel steel 4 is used for simulating the filling of rock strata, the channel steel 4 of each layer is fixed by baffle plates at the front and back, the baffle plates are vertically intersected with the channel steel 4, the simulated rock strata is tightly surrounded and used for filling and fixing the simulated rock strata, as shown in the figure I, the drawing assumes that the simulated rock strata 23 of each layer are the same in height, the channel steel is fixed on side upright posts by fixing bolts for stabilization, threaded holes are formed in the upright posts, and the top beam is fixed, the channel steel is also fixed, the simulated platform is protected, and collapse and frame scattering are prevented.
The top beam 3 is fixed on the upright post 5 by a bolt 15, and the channel steel 4 can be fixed on the upright post 5 by the bolt 15 according to the requirement.
The hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading assembly 1, a lateral loading assembly 6 and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading component is embedded in the top beam 3 through a sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, and the lateral loading component 6 is fixed on the left and right stand columns 5, and axial and lateral loading is applied through a loading device in an experiment to simulate the ground stress and the disturbing force in the vertical and horizontal directions; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, an oil supply pipeline, an oil tank and a sealing ring.
Particularly, all hydraulic cylinders of the equipment are designed by adopting double-sleeve cylinders, a set of disturbance oil cylinders capable of controlling pump oil through dynamic valves are embedded in a main oil cylinder externally applying static force, an oil filling port of the disturbance oil cylinder is on the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is arranged behind the side of the hydraulic cylinder, an oil tank is connected by an oil delivery pipe, and dynamic disturbance loading of sine and cosine waves and rectangular waveforms with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa can be applied;
in particular, each loading dynamic valve of the loading system can be independently controlled to apply disturbance waves with different properties, and can be loaded through the combined synergistic action of the control system according to the requirements.
The control system comprises a control cabinet 12, a computer 13 and an electronic controller (arranged in the control cabinet); the electronic controller is respectively connected with a computer 13 and a control cabinet 12 for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of dynamic valves of the hydraulic cylinders, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card, the computer is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system for controlling the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system for controlling the image output.
The test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera, a computer, an image acquisition card, a tension and pressure sensor; burying a pressure box and a tension and pressure sensor according to the design in the process of spreading similar physical simulation materials, wherein the pressure box is connected with a pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensor are connected with a dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress change; the method comprises the steps of (1) arranging speckles (prepared by a paint spraying method) on the surface of a similar physical simulation material, and analyzing a displacement change rule by using a DIC test analysis system; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
In the device, the axial loading assembly 1 is fixed up and down by the top plate 20 and the top beam 3, and grooves are formed in the top plate 20 and the top beam 3 to realize up and down fixation and left and right movement of the axial loading assembly 1; the top beam 3 is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post 5 through a bolt 15; the bottom of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is designed into a rectangular plate 22, as shown in fig. 7, so that the force application area is increased, and the situation that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated and the measurement error is increased is avoided.
In the above-mentioned device, channel-section steel 4 is made by the steel sheet, for convenient to detach, has offered the screw hole on it, and is fixed by bolted connection, two screw holes about the both ends design of every layer have, and certain distance symmetry arranges, because the channel-section steel is higher, strengthens steadily with a pair of bolt.
In the device, the loading assembly, the side loading assembly 6 and the axial loading assembly 1 are respectively connected with the oil supply pipeline 14 and the control system, so that disturbance can be conveniently applied, and the two assemblies can be independently controlled and can also act in a coordinated manner.
In the above device, the hydraulic cylinder 21 adopts a double-sleeve cylinder design as shown in fig. 4, and can apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance with specified frequency (which is completed by a dynamic valve) respectively, so as to better meet the requirement of simulation experiment.
In the above device, the grooves of the top plate 20 and the top beam 3 are in a penetrating shape, as shown in fig. 6, so as to facilitate the installation, movement and disassembly of the axial loading assembly.
The two-dimensional similarity simulation test method for carrying out dynamic disturbance on mine exploitation by adopting the device is described in the following through a specific embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system capable of applying disturbance, which is applied to the study of the fracture and deformation rule of overburden rock under the synergistic effect of simulating high ground stress and dynamic disturbance:
(1) and selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to collected mine geological hydrologic data, mining technical conditions and the like, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different strata.
(2) According to the material of the simulated stratum 23 manufactured by the similar simulated material proportion designed in the step (1), the upright posts 5 on two sides of the similar physical model frame are respectively provided with a first layer of channel steel 4 (the physical model frame is arranged on the simulated bottom layer 19), and the simulated stratum material is paved and compacted in the similar physical model frame; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously paving simulated stratum materials, and compacting; the other simulated strata 23 are paved, a layer of steel plate 8 is paved on the top of the model (used for compacting the simulated strata finally), the simulated strata 23 are monitored to be needed to be mined on the coal seam 9, the top plate and the bottom plate, and the pressure boxes and the tension and stress sensors are embedded in the corresponding positions according to the pre-design.
(3) The similar simulation material is dried to meet the design requirement, the left and right steel plates and the channel steel on one side are removed, the surface of the similar simulation material is cleaned and tidied, and DIC (digital imaging and communications in medicine) is spot-coated to detect speckle.
(4) After all the similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are paved and installed in the similar physical model frame, the DIC, the high-speed camera, the strain gauge, the transient electromagnetic instrument and the computer are debugged and the equipment is detected.
(5) The upper axial loading assembly 1 is installed into a groove of the top beam 3 and slides to a corresponding position, the axial loading assembly and the lateral loading assembly are debugged after the upper axial loading assembly is fixed by the top beam fixing bolt 2, the top axial loading assembly 1 is operated and pressurized to a stress value of a coal seam to be mined to 20MPa, axial stress supplementation is applied, the high-altitude stress condition of a coal seam with a large burial depth is simulated, and static load is applied to a design value by the corresponding lateral loading assembly 6.
(6) According to the design exploitation, the dynamic loading assembly of the axial loading assembly and the lateral loading assembly is started while the excavation is carried out, the top axial loading assembly 1 sequentially and alternately applies dynamic disturbance along with the forward pushing of the stope face 10, the dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder is closed when the stope face passes over the influence range of the last rectangular plate 22, the dynamic disturbance is stopped, the next hydraulic cylinder is used for starting to apply the dynamic disturbance, the applied dynamic disturbance applies sinusoidal disturbance according to the frequency and amplitude designed by the test scheme, and the influence of the dynamic disturbance such as underground exploitation blasting, mechanical vibration, caving coal and the like on surrounding rock breaking and rock stratum deformation falling in the pushing process of the stope face 10 is simulated.
(7) While the exploitation is carried out, the detection system detects formation deformation, formation stress, internal fracture and the like.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system capable of applying disturbance, which is applied to the study of the impact of mining disturbance on overburden rock breaking and deformation and the stability of coal pillars in a lower goaf during the simulation of upper layer coal-missing repeated mining:
(1) and selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to collected mine geological hydrologic data, mining technical conditions and the like, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different strata.
(2) According to the material proportion of the similar simulation materials designed in the step (1), the material of the simulated stratum 23 is manufactured, the first layer of channel steel 4 is respectively installed on the upright posts 5 on the two sides of the similar physical model frame, and the material of the simulated stratum 23 is paved and compacted in the similar physical model frame; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously paving simulated stratum materials, and compacting; the other simulated strata 23 are paved in this way, a layer of steel plate 8 is paved on the top of the model, the simulated strata 23 which needs to be monitored such as the coal bed 9 to be mined, the top plate and the bottom plate are embedded with pressure boxes, pressure sensors and tension sensors at corresponding positions according to the pre-design.
(3) The similar simulation material is dried to meet the design requirement, the left and right steel plates and the channel steel 4 on one side are removed, the surface of the similar simulation material is cleaned and tidied, and then DIC is spot-coated to detect speckle.
(4) The upper axial loading assembly 1 is installed in a groove of the top beam 3 and slides to a corresponding position, and the loading and disturbance loading assembly is debugged after being fixed by the top beam fixing bolts 2.
(5) After all monitoring devices, sensors and the like are installed, debugging DIC, high-speed cameras, strain gauges, transient electromagnetic instruments and computers and detecting the devices.
(6) The top axial loading assembly 1 is operated to pressurize to the design value of the seam stress to be mined, axial stress supplement is applied, and the corresponding lateral loading assembly 6 is operated to apply static load to the design value.
(7) The coal seam 9 to be mined is excavated by digging according to the design drawing, the remained coal pillar 18 is remained in the goaf 16, and then the stoping roadway 17 is excavated according to the design size in the coal seam 9 to be mined.
(8) According to a pre-test scheme, the side loading assembly 6 at the top applies sinusoidal disturbance according to the frequency and amplitude designed by the test scheme, and the axial loading assembly 1 at the top applies sinusoidal disturbance with corresponding frequency and amplitude to simulate the influence of dynamic disturbance in the upper layer coal mining and advancing process on surrounding rock breaking, rock stratum deformation and falling and coal pillar covering a goaf below.
(9) While exploitation is carried out, the detection system detects rock formation deformation, rock formation stress of the embedded pressure box, internal fracture and the like, and an acoustic emission probe is arranged at the position of a coal pillar of the lower goaf to detect internal micro-fracture.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation is characterized in that: the hydraulic test system comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and a test system;
the physical model frame comprises a base, steel plates, upright posts, top beams, top plates, channel steel, fixing bolts and left and right baffles, wherein similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base in an experiment, the upright posts are arranged on the left and right sides of the similar materials, and a lateral loading device is arranged on the outer sides of the upright posts; the top of the uppermost similar material is provided with a top beam, a top plate is arranged on the top beam, and an axial loading device is arranged between the top beam and the top plate; the baffle plate is vertically intersected with the channel steel, and the simulated rock stratum is tightly surrounded and used for filling and fixing the simulated rock stratum, and the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the channel steel on one side are taken down for carrying out excavation operation to be simulated after similar materials are dried;
the hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading device, a lateral loading device and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading assembly is embedded in the top beam through a sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, and the lateral loading assembly is fixed on the left and right stand columns, and applies axial and lateral loading through a loading device during experiments to simulate ground stress and disturbance force in vertical and horizontal directions; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, a dynamic valve, an oil tank, a sealing ring, an oil supply pipeline and an oil return pipeline; wherein the dynamic valve is connected with the control system; the axial loading assembly is fixed up and down by a top plate and a top beam, and grooves are formed in the top plate and the top beam to realize up and down fixation and left and right movement of the axial loading assembly; the top beam is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post through a bolt; the bottom of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is designed into a rectangular plate, so that the force application area is increased, and the situation that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated and the measurement error is increased is avoided; the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are communicated, so that the installation, the movement and the disassembly of the axial loading assembly are facilitated;
the hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-sleeve cylinder design, a set of disturbance oil cylinder capable of controlling pump oil through a dynamic valve is embedded in a main oil cylinder with static force applied outside so as to apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance with designated frequency respectively, an oil filling port of the disturbance oil cylinder is on the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is arranged behind the side of the hydraulic cylinder, an oil return pipeline is connected with the oil tank, and dynamic disturbance loading of sine wave and cosine wave with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa and rectangular wave can be applied;
the control system comprises a control cabinet, a computer and an electronic controller; the electronic controller is respectively connected with a computer and a control cabinet for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of dynamic valves of the hydraulic cylinders, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card, the computer is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system for controlling the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system for controlling the image output;
the test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera, a computer, an image acquisition card, a tension and pressure sensor; burying a pressure box and a tension and pressure sensor according to the design in the process of spreading similar physical simulation materials, wherein the pressure box is connected with a pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensor are connected with a dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress change; the speckle is arranged on the surface of the similar physical simulation material, and a DIC test analysis system is used for analyzing the displacement change rule; the transient electromagnetic instrument is used for simulating mine exploration; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
2. The two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation according to claim 1, wherein: the channel steel is made of a steel plate, two threaded holes are respectively arranged at the two ends of the channel steel, and the channel steel is fixedly connected to the upright post through bolts.
3. The two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation according to claim 1, wherein: each dynamic valve can be controlled by independent action, disturbance waves with different properties are applied, and the disturbance waves can be loaded by the combined synergistic action of a control system according to the requirements.
4. A two-dimensional similarity simulation test method for mine exploitation dynamic disturbance, which adopts the two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for mine exploitation dynamic disturbance according to any one of claims 1-3, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one: selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to collected mine geological hydrologic data and exploitation technical conditions, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different strata;
step two: manufacturing simulated stratum materials according to the proportion of the similar simulated materials, respectively installing first layer of channel steel at two sides of a bottom plate of a similar physical model frame, paving the simulated stratum materials in the similar physical model frame, and compacting; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously paving simulated stratum materials, and compacting; laying other simulated strata, laying a layer of steel plate on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box and a tension force sensor at corresponding positions according to the pre-design of the stratum to be detected;
step three: the similar simulation material is dried to meet the design requirement, the left baffle plate, the right baffle plate and the channel steel on one side are removed, the surface of the similar simulation material is cleaned and tidied, and DIC is arranged to detect speckle;
step four: after the similar simulation materials and the monitoring sensors are paved and installed on the similar physical model frame, debugging DIC, a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a transient electromagnetic instrument and a computer and detecting equipment;
step five: installing an upper axial loading system into the top beam groove and sliding the upper axial loading system to a corresponding position, debugging the loading and disturbance loading system, operating and pressurizing the top loading system, and applying axial stress supplement;
step six: according to design exploitation, axial and lateral dynamic disturbance is applied during excavation, and the influence of underground exploitation blasting, mechanical vibration and caving coal dynamic disturbance on surrounding rock fracture and rock stratum deformation collapse is simulated;
step seven: while the production is in progress, the detection system detects formation deformation, formation stress, and internal fracture.
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| CN114964850B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-03-28 | 中国矿业大学 | Automatic excavation and non-uniform loading system and method for plane model test bed |
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