CN112763694B - Two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, comprising a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and an experimental test system; the physical model frame is parallel to the simulated bottom surface and comprises a top beam, channel steel, side uprights, a base, steel plates, left and right baffles, a top plate and fixing bolts; the hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, an oil tank, a filter, an oil supply pipeline, an oil return pipeline, a sealing ring and a dynamic valve; the control system comprises a computer, a control cabinet and an electronic controller; the experiment test system comprises a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, a DIC test analysis system, a computer, an image acquisition card, a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a tension sensor and a pressure sensor. The device is added with a disturbance device, can simulate engineering disturbance in underground exploitation, has smaller error of measured data compared with the existing system, and has important reference value in the engineering field.

Description

A two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbances in mine mining

Technical field

The invention relates to a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, and belongs to the technical field of mine mining simulation experiments.

Background technique

With the gradual reduction or even depletion of shallow mineral resources, the depth of underground mining of coal resources has gradually increased, and the number of thousand-meter-level mines in our country has increased. Due to the particularity of the environment of deep rock masses and the complexity of the stress field, especially Deep rock masses with high geostress in an environment of "three highs and one disturbance" are extremely susceptible to damage and instability due to disturbances from excavation or mining. The original similar simulation system can only simulate static rock deformation and stress evolution laws, which is not consistent with reality. Engineering background: The stress of the rock formations in the simulation system is far from the actual one, and it cannot meet the similar simulation needs of deep coal seam mining. There is an urgent need for a two-dimensional similar simulation system that can apply disturbances.

In addition, many mines in China have considerable reserves of abandoned coal resources. In particular, the recovery of abandoned coal resources in the entire layer is of greatest significance. However, the conditions for the occurrence of abandoned coal in the entire layer are complex and are affected by the superposition of multiple mining. Mining manifestation and control technology during mining, etc. Compared with traditional conventional mining, there are obvious differences. Therefore, the traditional conventional two-dimensional similar simulation test system can only simulate static rock formation deformation and stress evolution laws. It is too simple and cannot meet the relevant test requirements. There is an urgent need for a system that can Similar simulation tests simulating the re-mining of residual coal can simulate the impact of re-mining disturbance of upper coal seams on the stability of surrounding rocks and coal pillars in goaf areas in the laboratory.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, which is used to simulate the influence of dynamic disturbance in mine excavation in order to study the damage and destruction rules of surrounding rock strata caused by dynamic disturbance in the underground mining process. .

The invention provides a two-dimensional similar simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, including a physical model framework, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system, and an experimental testing system;

The physical model frame includes a base, steel plates, columns, top beams, roof plates, channel steel, fixing bolts, and left and right baffles. During the experiment, similar materials with different proportions corresponding to the simulated mine stratigraphic conditions were evenly laid upward from the base. There are columns on the left and right sides, and lateral loading devices are installed on the outside of the columns; there is a roof beam on the top of the uppermost layer of similar material, and there is a roof plate on the roof beam, and an axial loading device is installed between the roof beam and the roof plate; after drying, take it out Lower the left and right baffles and one side of the channel steel to perform excavation operations that need to be simulated.

Channel steel is used to simulate the filling of rock formations. The channel steel of each layer is divided into front and back, and the left and right sides are fixed with baffles. The relationship between the baffles and the channel steel is vertical intersecting, tightly surrounding the simulated rock formation, and used to fill and fix the simulated rock formation. , as shown in Figure 1, this drawing assumes that the simulated stratum height of each layer is the same. The channel steel can be fixed on the side columns with fixing bolts to stabilize it. The columns are provided with threaded holes to fix the top beam and also Fix the channel steel to protect the simulation platform and prevent it from collapsing.

The hydraulic loading and disturbance device includes an axial loading device, a lateral loading device, and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading component is embedded in the roof beam through a sliding groove. It can be fixed up and down and can also slide left and right. The lateral loading component It is fixed on the left and right columns. During the experiment, axial and lateral loading is applied through the loading device to simulate the vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system includes a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, hydraulic cylinder, safety valve, and dynamic valve. , oil supply pipeline, oil tank and sealing ring.

In particular, all the hydraulic cylinders of this equipment adopt a double-cylinder design. A set of disturbance cylinders that can control the pump oil through a dynamic valve are embedded inside the main cylinder that exerts static force from the outside. The oil filling port of the disturbance cylinder is on the same side as the main cylinder, and the oil returns The port is at the rear of the hydraulic cylinder side and is connected to the oil tank by an oil pipeline. It can apply dynamic disturbance loading of sine, cosine and rectangular waveforms with a frequency of 0~20HZ and an amplitude of 0~10MPa;

In particular, each dynamic valve of the loading system can be controlled independently to apply disturbance waves with different properties, or can be loaded through a joint and coordinated action of the control system as needed.

The control system includes a control cabinet, computer and electronic controller; the electronic controller is connected to the computer and the control cabinet respectively to control the input of the disturbance waveform and the operation of the dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder. The computer is equipped with an image acquisition card and a high-speed camera in the experimental test system. It is connected to control the image output of the DIC test and analysis system, and the computer is connected to the dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the image output.

The experimental testing system includes tempered glass plates, transient electromagnetic meters, dynamic strain gauges, pressure cells, acoustic emission probes, DIC test analysis systems, high-speed cameras and computers; during the paving process of similar physical simulation materials, the pressure cells and tensile forces are buried as designed , stress sensor, connected to a dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress changes; arrange speckles (prepared by spray painting method) on the surface of similar physical simulation materials, and use the DIC test analysis system to analyze the displacement change rules; arrange acoustic emission probes at the detection position to detect similar simulations Location of rock formation fractures.

In the above device, the axial loading component is fixed up and down by the top plate and the top beam, and the top plate and the top beam are provided with grooves to realize the up and down fixation and left and right movement of the axial loading component; the top beam has a threaded hole on it, through which The bolts are fixed to the columns; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed as a rectangular plate, which increases the force application area and avoids excessive concentration of stress on the simulated rock formation, thereby increasing measurement errors.

In the above device, the channel steel is made of steel plate. In order to facilitate disassembly, two threaded holes are designed at both ends. They are arranged symmetrically at a certain distance and can be fixed by bolts. Because the channel steel is taller, it is reinforced with a pair of bolts. Stablize.

In the above device, the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly and the axial loading assembly are respectively connected to the oil supply pipeline and the control system. In order to facilitate the application of disturbance, they can be controlled individually or coordinately.

In the above device, the hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-cylinder design, which can apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance of a specified frequency respectively, which can better meet the needs of simulation experiments.

In the above device, the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are through-shaped, which facilitates the installation, movement and disassembly of the axial loading assembly.

The invention provides a two-dimensional similarity simulation test method for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, which includes the following steps:

Step 1: Based on the collected mine geological and hydrological data and mining technical conditions, select appropriate similar physical simulation formation materials, and design the ratio of similar physical simulation materials in different formations.

Step 2: Make simulated stratum materials according to the ratio of similar simulated materials, install the first layer of channel steel on both sides of the bottom plate of the similar physical model frame, lay the simulated stratum material in the similar physical model frame and compact it; then install the second layer of channels Steel, continue to lay simulated formation materials and compact them; use this to lay other simulated formations, lay a layer of steel plates on the top of the model, and bury pressure boxes and tension and stress sensors at corresponding locations in the strata that need to be detected according to pre-designed design.

Step 3: After drying similar simulated materials to meet the design requirements, remove the left and right baffles and one side of the channel steel, clean and tidy the surface of similar simulated materials, and arrange DIC to detect speckles.

Step 4: After all similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are laid and installed in the similar physical model framework, debug the DIC, high-speed camera, strain gauge, transient electromagnetic meter and computer and test the equipment.

Step 5: Install the upper axial loading system into the top beam groove and slide it to the corresponding position, debug the loading and disturbance loading systems, run and pressurize the top loading system, and apply axial stress supplement.

Step 6: Mining according to the design, applying axial and lateral dynamic disturbances while excavation, simulating the impact of underground mining blasting, mechanical vibration, top coal caving and other dynamic disturbances on surrounding rock fracture and rock layer deformation and collapse.

Step 7: While mining is in progress, the detection system detects rock formation deformation, rock formation stress and internal fractures.

Beneficial effects of the present invention:

(1) This device can simply and effectively simulate the "three highs and one disturbance" environment of deep mining surrounding rock, which is more in line with the on-site conditions and has better development prospects for my country's gradually deepening mine mining.

(2) With the increasing shortage of non-renewable resources such as coal, for industrial field tests such as upward mining and backfill mining of abandoned coal resources, the cost of industrial field tests is high. This similar simulation system can conduct simulation tests with additional upward mining disturbances, and use the test results as refer to.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the two-dimensional similarity simulation test device of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test device for mining under the collaborative influence of high ground stress and dynamic disturbance;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test device for the study of upward mining disturbance of upper layer left coal;

Figure 4 is a top view of the axial hydraulic loading assembly;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of A-A in Figure 2;

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the right side of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the rectangular plate at the end of the hydraulic cylinder piston.

In the picture: 1-axial loading component, 2-top beam fixing bolt, 3-top beam, 4-channel steel, 5-column, 6-lateral loading component, 7-base, 8-steel plate, 9-to be mined Coal seam, 10-mining working face, 11-hydraulic oil pump, 12-control cabinet, 13-computer, 14-oil supply pipeline, 15-bolt, 16-goaf area, 17-mining tunnel, 18-left coal pillar, 19-Simulated bottom layer, 20-Roof plate, 21-Hydraulic cylinder, 22-Rectangular plate, 23-Simulated formation.

Detailed ways

The present invention is further described below through examples, but is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1:

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, a two-dimensional similar simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining includes a physical model framework, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system, and an experimental test system;

The physical model frame includes base 7, steel plate 8, column 5, top beam 3, top plate 20, channel steel 4, bolts 15 and left and right baffles. During the experiment, different configurations corresponding to the simulated mine stratigraphic conditions were evenly laid upward starting from base 7. Compared with similar materials, there are columns 5 on the left and right sides of the similar materials, and lateral loading components 6 are provided on the outside of the columns 5; the top of the uppermost layer of similar materials is provided with a top beam 3, and the top beam 3 is provided with a top plate 20, and the top beam 3 An axial loading assembly 1 is installed between the top plate 20 and the left and right baffles and one side of the channel steel after drying to perform excavation operations that need to be simulated.

Channel steel 4 is used to simulate the filling of rock formations. The channel steel 4 of each layer is divided into front and back. The left and right sides are fixed with baffles. The baffles and channel steel 4 are perpendicular to each other and closely surround the simulated rock formation for filling and fixing. Simulate the rock formation, as shown in Figure 1. This drawing assumes that the height of the simulated stratum 23 of each layer is the same. The channel steel can be fixed on the side columns with fixing bolts to stabilize it. The columns are provided with threaded holes to fix the top. The beams also fix the channel steel to protect the simulation platform from collapsing and falling apart.

The top beam 3 is fixed on the upright column 5 by bolts 15, and the channel steel 4 can also be fixed on the upright column 5 by bolts 15 as needed.

The hydraulic loading and disturbance device includes an axial loading component 1, a lateral loading component 6, and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading component is embedded in the roof beam 3 through a sliding groove. It can be fixed up and down and can slide left and right at the same time. The loading assembly 6 is fixed on the left and right columns 5. During the experiment, axial and lateral loading are applied through the loading device to simulate the vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system includes a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, hydraulic cylinder, Safety valve, oil supply line, oil tank and sealing ring.

In particular, all hydraulic cylinders of this equipment adopt a double-cylinder design. A set of disturbance cylinders that can control pump oil through dynamic valves are embedded inside the main cylinder that exerts static force from the outside. The oil filling port of the disturbance cylinder is on the same side as the main cylinder, and the return port is on the same side as the main cylinder. The oil port is at the rear of the hydraulic cylinder and is connected to the oil tank by an oil pipeline. It can apply dynamic disturbance loading of sine, cosine and rectangular waveforms with a frequency of 0~20HZ and an amplitude of 0~10MPa;

In particular, each loading dynamic valve of the loading system can be controlled independently to apply disturbance waves with different properties, or can be loaded through joint synergy through the control system as needed.

The control system includes a control cabinet 12, a computer 13 and an electronic controller (installed in the control cabinet); the electronic controller is connected to the computer 13 and the control cabinet 12 respectively to control the input of the disturbance waveform and the operation of the hydraulic cylinder dynamic valve. Computer installation image The capture card is connected to the high-speed camera in the experimental test system to control the image output of the DIC test and analysis system, and the computer is connected to the dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the image output.

The experimental test system includes tempered glass plates, transient electromagnetic meters, dynamic strain gauges, pressure cells, pressure gauges, acoustic emission probes, DIC test analysis systems, high-speed cameras, computers, image acquisition cards and tension and pressure sensors; in similar physical simulations During the material paving process, pressure boxes and tension and pressure sensors are buried according to the design. The pressure box is connected to the pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensors are connected to the dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress changes; speckles (made by spray paint) are arranged on the surface of similar physical simulation materials. Preparation method), use the DIC test analysis system to analyze the displacement change rules; arrange the acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of similar simulated rock formations.

In the above device, the axial loading assembly 1 is fixed up and down by the top plate 20 and the top beam 3. The top plate 20 and the top beam 3 are provided with grooves to realize the up and down fixation and left and right movement of the axial loading assembly 1; the top beam 3 has other parts. There is a threaded hole on the top, which is fixed to the column 5 through bolts 15; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed as a rectangular plate 22, as shown in Figure 7, which increases the force application area and avoids excessive concentration of stress on the simulated rock formation, thereby increasing the measurement time. error.

In the above device, the channel steel 4 is made of a steel plate. In order to facilitate disassembly, it is provided with threaded holes and is fixed by bolts. The two ends of each layer of the channel steel are designed with two upper and lower threaded holes spaced apart. Arrange symmetrically at a certain distance, because the channel steel is higher, and a pair of bolts are used to strengthen the stability.

In the above device, the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly 6 and the axial loading assembly 1 are respectively connected to the oil supply pipeline 14 and the control system. In order to facilitate the application of disturbance, they can be controlled individually or in coordination.

In the above device, the hydraulic cylinder 21 adopts a double-cylinder design as shown in Figure 4, which can respectively apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance of a specified frequency (completed by a dynamic valve) to better meet the needs of simulation experiments.

In the above device, the grooves of the top plate 20 and the top beam 3 are through-shaped, as shown in Figure 6, which facilitates the installation, movement and disassembly of the axial loading assembly.

The following uses specific examples to illustrate the two-dimensional similar simulation test method of dynamic disturbance in mine mining using the above device.

Example 1:

This embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system that can apply disturbance, and is used in the study of overlying rock fracture and deformation laws under the synergistic effect of simulated high ground stress and dynamic disturbance:

① Select appropriate similar physical simulation materials based on the collected mine geological and hydrological data, mining technical conditions, etc., and design the ratio of similar physical simulation materials for different strata.

② Make materials for the simulated stratum 23 based on the similar simulated material ratio designed in ①, and install the first layer of channel steel 4 on the columns 5 on both sides of the similar physical model frame (the physical model frame is installed on the simulated bottom layer 19). Lay the simulated stratum material in the model frame and compact it; then install the second layer of channel steel, continue to lay the simulated stratum material, and compact it; use this to lay other simulated stratum 23, and lay a layer of steel plate 8 on the top of the model (for Finally, for the compaction of the simulated rock formation), when the coal seam 9 to be mined and the roof and floor plates need to be monitored, the simulated stratum 23 is buried according to pre-designed pressure boxes and tension and stress sensors at corresponding positions.

③ After the similar simulated materials are dried to meet the design requirements, remove the left and right steel plates and one side of the channel steel, clean and tidy the surface of the similar simulated materials, and apply DIC to detect speckles.

④ After all similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are laid and installed within the framework of a similar physical model, debug DIC, high-speed cameras, strain gauges, transient electromagnetic meters, computers and testing equipment.

⑤ Install the upper axial loading component 1 into the groove of the top beam 3 and slide it to the corresponding position. After fixing it with the top beam fixing bolt 2, debug the axial loading component and the lateral loading component. The top axial loading component 1 is operated and pressurized to When the stress value of the coal seam to be mined reaches 20MPa, axial stress is applied to supplement the highland response conditions of the coal seam with a larger burial depth. The corresponding lateral loading component 6 operates to apply static load to the design value.

⑥ Mining is carried out according to the design. During excavation, the axial and lateral loading components and the dynamic loading component are started. The top axial loading component 1 advances along with the mining working face 10 and applies dynamic disturbances alternately in sequence. The mining working face crosses the previous rectangle. The dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder is closed when the plate 22 reaches the influence range, the dynamic disturbance stops, and the next hydraulic cylinder takes over and begins to apply dynamic disturbance. The added dynamic disturbance applies sinusoidal disturbance according to the frequency and amplitude designed in the test plan, simulating underground mining blasting, The impact of dynamic disturbances such as mechanical vibration and top coal caving on the surrounding rock breakage and rock layer deformation during the advancement of the mining face 10.

⑦ While mining is in progress, the detection system detects rock formation deformation, rock formation stress, and internal fractures.

Example 2

This embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system that can apply disturbance. It is used in simulating the impact of mining disturbance on overlying rock fracture and deformation during re-mining of upper layer left coal and in studying the stability of coal pillars in the underlying goaf area:

① Select appropriate similar physical simulation materials based on the collected mine geological and hydrological data, mining technical conditions, etc., and design the ratio of similar physical simulation materials for different strata.

② Make the material of simulated stratum 23 according to the similar simulated material ratio designed in ①. Install the first layer of channel steel 4 on the columns 5 on both sides of the similar physical model frame. Lay the simulated stratum 23 material in the similar physical model frame and compact it. ; Then install the second layer of channel steel, continue to lay simulated stratum materials, and compact them; use this to lay other simulated strata 23, lay a layer of steel plates 8 on the top of the model, and monitor the coal seams 9 to be mined and the roof and floor plates. The simulated formation 23 buries pressure cells and pressure and tension sensors at corresponding positions according to pre-designed designs.

③ After the similar simulated materials are dried to meet the design requirements, remove the left and right steel plates and one side of the channel steel 4, clean and tidy the surface of the similar simulated materials, and then apply DIC to detect speckles.

④ Install the upper axial loading component 1 into the groove of the top beam 3 and slide it to the corresponding position. After fixing it with the top beam fixing bolt 2, debug the loading and disturbance loading components.

⑤ After all monitoring equipment and sensors are installed, debug DIC, high-speed cameras, strain gauges, transient electromagnetic meters and computers and test the equipment.

⑥ The top axial loading component 1 is operated and pressurized until the stress value of the coal seam to be mined reaches the design value, axial stress is applied to supplement, and the corresponding lateral loading component 6 is operated to apply static load to the design value.

⑦ Excavate the mined coal seam under the coal seam 9 to be mined, and excavate according to the design drawings, leaving a coal pillar 18 in the goaf 16, and then excavate the mining roadway 17 in the coal seam 9 to be mined according to the designed size.

⑧ According to the pre-test plan, the lateral loading component 6 on the top applies sinusoidal perturbation according to the frequency and amplitude designed in the test plan, while the axial loading component 1 on the top applies sinusoidal perturbation of the corresponding frequency and amplitude to simulate the mining of upper layer left coal. The impact of dynamic disturbance during the advancement process on surrounding rock breakage, rock layer deformation and straddle fall, as well as the coal pillar in the underlying goaf area.

⑨ While mining is in progress, the detection system detects rock formation deformation, embedded pressure box rock formation stress, and internal fractures. Acoustic emission probes are arranged at the coal pillars in the underlying goaf area to detect internal micro-damage.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the design of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the designs of the present invention can be modified. If the technical solution is modified or equivalently substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, they shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A two-dimensional similar simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, which is characterized by: including a physical model framework, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system, and an experimental testing system; The physical model frame includes a base, steel plates, columns, top beams, roof plates, channel steel, fixing bolts, and left and right baffles. During the experiment, similar materials with different proportions corresponding to the simulated mine stratigraphic conditions were evenly laid upward from the base. There are columns on the left and right sides, and a lateral loading device is installed on the outside of the column; there is a top beam on the top of the uppermost layer of similar material, a top plate is provided on the top beam, and an axial loading device is installed between the top beam and the top plate; the baffle and The channel steel intersects vertically, tightly surrounding the simulated rock formation, and is used to fill and fix the simulated rock formation. After drying similar materials, remove the left and right baffles and one side of the channel steel to carry out the excavation operations that need to be simulated; The hydraulic loading and disturbance device includes an axial loading device, a lateral loading device, and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading component is embedded in the roof beam through a sliding groove. It can be fixed up and down and can also slide left and right. The lateral loading component It is fixed on the left and right columns. During the experiment, axial and lateral loading is applied through the loading device to simulate the vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system includes a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, hydraulic cylinder, safety valve, and dynamic valve. , oil tank, sealing ring, oil supply pipeline and oil return pipeline; the dynamic valve is connected to the control system; the axial loading component is fixed up and down by the top plate and the top beam, and the top plate and the top beam are provided with grooves to achieve axial loading The components are fixed up and down and moved left and right; there are threaded holes on the top beam, which are fixed to the columns through bolts; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed as a rectangular plate, which increases the force application area and avoids excessive concentration of stress on the simulated rock formation, thereby increasing the The measurement error is greatly increased; the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are through-shaped, which facilitates the installation, movement and disassembly of the axially loaded components; The hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-cylinder design. A set of disturbance cylinders that can control pump oil through dynamic valves are embedded inside the main cylinder that exerts static force externally, so as to apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbances of specified frequencies respectively, and disturb the oil filling of the cylinders. The port is on the same side as the main oil cylinder, and the oil return port is at the rear of the hydraulic cylinder side. The oil return pipe is connected to the oil tank. It can apply dynamic disturbance loading of sine and cosine waves and rectangular waveforms with a frequency of 0~20HZ and an amplitude of 0~10MPa; The control system includes a control cabinet, computer and electronic controller; the electronic controller is connected to the computer and the control cabinet respectively to control the input of the disturbance waveform and the operation of the dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder. The computer is equipped with an image acquisition card and a high-speed camera in the experimental test system. It is connected to control the image output of the DIC test and analysis system, and the computer is connected to the dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the image output; The experimental test system includes tempered glass plates, transient electromagnetic meters, dynamic strain gauges, pressure cells, pressure gauges, acoustic emission probes, DIC test analysis systems, high-speed cameras, computers, image acquisition cards and tension and pressure sensors; in similar physical simulations During the material laying process, pressure cells and tension and pressure sensors are buried according to the design. The pressure box is connected to the pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensors are connected to the dynamic strain gauge to detect internal stress changes; speckles are arranged on the surface of similar physical simulation materials, and DIC is used The test analysis system analyzes the displacement change rules; the transient electromagnetic instrument is used to simulate mine exploration; acoustic emission probes are arranged at the detection position to detect similar simulated rock formation fracture positions. 2. The two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: the channel steel is made of steel plates, with two threaded holes arranged up and down at both ends, and is fixed by bolts. On the pillar. 3. The two-dimensional similar simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: each dynamic valve can act independently for control, apply disturbance waves with different attributes, and can also be jointly coordinated through the control system as needed. Effect loading. 4. A two-dimensional similarity simulation test method for dynamic disturbance in mine mining, using the two-dimensional similarity simulation test device for dynamic disturbance in mine mining according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps: Step 1: Based on the collected mine geological and hydrological data and mining technical conditions, select appropriate similar physical simulation materials and design the ratio of similar physical simulation materials in different strata; Step 2: Make simulated stratum materials according to the ratio of similar simulated materials, install the first layer of channel steel on both sides of the bottom plate of the similar physical model frame, lay the simulated stratum material in the similar physical model frame and compact it; then install the second layer of channels Steel, continue to lay simulated formation materials and compact them; use this to lay other simulated formations, lay a layer of steel plates on the top of the model, and bury pressure boxes and tension and pressure sensors at corresponding locations in the strata that need to be detected according to pre-designed design; Step 3: After similar simulated materials are dried to meet the design requirements, remove the left and right baffles and one side of the channel steel, clean and tidy the surface of similar simulated materials, and arrange DIC to detect speckles; Step 4: After all similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are laid and installed in the similar physical model framework, debug the DIC, high-speed camera, strain gauge, transient electromagnetic meter and computer and test the equipment; Step 5: Install the upper axial loading system into the top beam groove and slide it to the corresponding position, debug the loading and disturbance loading systems, run the top loading system to pressurize, and apply axial stress supplement; Step 6: Mining according to the design, applying axial and lateral dynamic disturbances while excavation, simulating the impact of underground mining blasting, mechanical vibration, and dynamic disturbance of top coal caving on surrounding rock fracture and rock layer deformation and collapse; Step 7: While mining is in progress, the detection system detects rock formation deformation, rock formation stress and internal fractures.