CN112763694A - Two-dimensional analog simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine mining - Google Patents
Two-dimensional analog simulation test device and method for dynamic disturbance of mine mining Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional analog simulation test device and a method for mine mining dynamic disturbance, which comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and an experimental test system, wherein the physical model frame is used for carrying out simulation test on the mine mining dynamic disturbance; the physical model frame is parallel to the simulation bottom surface and comprises a top beam, channel steel, side upright columns, a base, a steel plate, a left baffle plate, a right baffle plate, a top plate and a fixing bolt; the hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, an oil tank, a filter, an oil supply pipeline, an oil return pipeline, a sealing ring and a dynamic valve; the control system comprises a computer, a control cabinet and an electronic controller; the experiment testing system comprises a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, a DIC testing and analyzing system, a computer, an image acquisition card, a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a tension sensor and a pressure sensor. The device adds the disturbance device, can simulate the engineering disturbance in the underground mining, and the measured data is compared with current system error and is littleer, has important reference value in the engineering field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a two-dimensional analog simulation test device and a two-dimensional analog simulation test method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, and belongs to the technical field of mine exploitation analog experiments.
Background
Along with the gradual reduction and even exhaustion of shallow mineral resources, the underground mining depth of coal resources is gradually increased, thousands of meters of mines in China are gradually increased, due to the particularity of the environment where deep rock bodies are located and the complexity of a stress field, particularly high ground stress deep rock bodies in the environment of 'three-high one disturbance', the deep rock bodies are extremely easy to damage and destabilize due to tunneling or mining disturbance, an original analog simulation system can only simulate static rock stratum deformation and stress evolution rules, the actual engineering background is not met, the stress of rock layers in the analog system is far away from the actual condition, the analog simulation requirement of deep coal seam mining cannot be met, and a two-dimensional analog simulation system capable of applying disturbance is urgently needed.
In addition, the reserves of a plurality of abandoned coal resources of mines in China are considerable, especially, the meaning of the whole abandoned coal resource re-mining is the greatest, the occurrence condition of the whole abandoned coal is complex and is influenced by the superposition of multiple mining, the mining development and control technology and the like during mining have obvious difference compared with the traditional conventional mining, so that the traditional two-dimensional similarity simulation test system can only simulate the static rock stratum deformation and stress evolution rule and is too simple to meet the relevant test requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-dimensional similarity simulation test device and a method for dynamic disturbance of mine mining, which are used for performing similarity simulation on dynamic disturbance influence of mine tunneling so as to research the damage rule of the dynamic disturbance in the underground mining process on a surrounding rock stratum.
The invention provides a two-dimensional analog simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine mining, which comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and a test system, wherein the physical model frame is provided with a plurality of dynamic disturbance modules;
the physical model frame comprises a base, a steel plate, stand columns, a top beam, a top plate, channel steel, fixing bolts and a left baffle and a right baffle, similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base in an experiment, the stand columns are arranged on the left side and the right side of the similar materials, and lateral loading devices are arranged on the outer sides of the stand columns; the top of the top layer of similar material is provided with a top beam, a top plate is arranged on the top beam, and an axial loading device is arranged between the top beam and the top plate; and after drying, taking down the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side to carry out excavation operation needing simulation.
The channel-section steel is used for simulating the filling of rock stratum, and the channel-section steel of each layer is divided preceding and back, and it is fixed with the baffle about, and the baffle is crossing for the perpendicular with the channel-section steel relation, closely surrounds the simulation rock stratum, is used for filling and fixed simulation rock stratum, and as shown in the figure one, this drawing is that the simulation stratum height of supposing every layer is the same, and wherein the channel-section steel is by fixing bolt, can fix on the side stand, stabilizes, is equipped with the screw hole on the stand, both fixes the back timber, also fixes the channel-section steel, protects simulation platform, prevents.
The hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading device, a lateral loading device and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading assembly is embedded in the top beam through the sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, the lateral loading assembly is fixed on the left and right upright posts, and axial and lateral loading is applied through the loading device during experiments to simulate vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, a dynamic valve, an oil supply pipeline, an oil tank and a sealing ring.
Particularly, all hydraulic cylinders of the device adopt a double-set cylinder design, a set of disturbance oil cylinder capable of controlling oil pumping through a dynamic valve is embedded in a main oil cylinder applying static force externally, an oil filling port of the disturbance oil cylinder is positioned at the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is positioned at the rear side of the hydraulic cylinder side, an oil pipeline is connected with an oil tank, and dynamic disturbance loading of sine and cosine waves and rectangular waves with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa can be applied;
particularly, each dynamic valve of the loading system can be independently controlled to apply disturbance waves with different attributes, and can also be loaded through the combined synergistic action of the control system according to requirements.
The control system comprises a control cabinet, a computer and an electronic controller; the electronic controller is respectively connected with a computer and a control cabinet and used for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of the dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card and is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system to control the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the output of the image.
The test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure cell, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera and a computer; embedding a pressure box and a tension and stress sensor according to design in the process of paving similar physical simulation materials, and connecting a dynamic strain gauge to detect the change of internal stress; arranging speckles (prepared by a paint spraying method) on the surface of a similar physical simulation material, and analyzing a displacement change rule by using a DIC (digital image computer) test analysis system; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
In the device, the axial loading assembly is fixed up and down by a top plate and a top beam, and the top plate and the top beam are provided with grooves to realize the up-down fixation, left-right movement of the axial loading assembly; the top beam is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post through a bolt; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed to be a rectangular plate, so that the force application area is increased, and the phenomenon that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated is avoided, and the measurement error is increased.
Among the above-mentioned device, the channel-section steel is made by the steel sheet, and in order to dismantle, two screw holes have been designed respectively at both ends, apart from certain distance symmetrical arrangement, can be by the bolt fastening, because the channel-section steel is higher, strengthens stably with a pair of bolt.
In the device, the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly and the axial loading assembly are respectively connected with the oil supply pipeline and the control system, so that disturbance can be conveniently applied, and the device can be independently controlled and can also act in a coordinated manner.
In the device, the hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-set cylinder design, and can apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance of specified frequency respectively, so that the requirements of simulation experiments are better met.
In the device, the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are communicated, so that the axial loading assembly is convenient to mount, move and dismount.
The invention provides a two-dimensional analog simulation test method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting proper similar physical simulation stratum materials according to the collected mine geological hydrological data and mining technical conditions, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different stratums.
Step two: manufacturing simulated stratum materials according to the proportion of similar simulated materials, respectively installing a first layer of channel steel on two sides of a bottom plate of a similar physical model frame, paving the simulated stratum materials in the similar physical model frame and compacting the simulated stratum materials; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously laying a simulated formation material, and compacting; laying other simulated stratums, laying a layer of steel plate on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box and a tension and stress sensor at a corresponding position of the stratum to be detected according to the pre-design.
Step three: the similar simulation material is dried to meet the design requirement, the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side are removed, the surface of the similar simulation material is cleaned and arranged, and DIC detection speckles are distributed.
Step four: after all similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are laid and installed on the similar physical model framework, a DIC, a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a transient electromagnetic instrument and a computer are debugged, and equipment is detected.
Step five: and (3) installing the upper axial loading system into the top beam groove and sliding to a corresponding position, debugging the loading and disturbance loading system, operating and pressurizing the top loading system, and applying axial stress supplement.
Step six: according to design mining, axial and lateral dynamic disturbance is applied while excavation is carried out, and the influence of dynamic disturbance such as underground mining blasting, mechanical vibration, top coal caving and the like on surrounding rock breaking and rock stratum deformation collapse is simulated.
Step seven: while the mining is in progress, the detection system detects formation deformation, formation stress and internal fractures.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the device can simply effectively simulate the environment of 'three-high one disturbance' where the deep mining surrounding rock is located, better accords with the field condition, and has better development prospect for the mine mining which is gradually deepened in China.
(2) The similar simulation system can carry out simulation tests with additional upward mining disturbance for the condition that the cost of industrial field tests such as upward mining, filling mining and the like of abandoned coal resources is high due to the increasing shortage of non-renewable resources such as coal and the like, and the test results are taken as reference.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional simulation test apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test apparatus for mining with synergistic effects of high geostress and dynamic disturbances;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a similar physical simulation test device for upgoing mining disturbance research of upper layer residual coal;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the axial hydraulic loading assembly;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 6 is a right side oblique view of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a rectangular plate at the end of the piston of the hydraulic ram.
In the figure: the method comprises the following steps of 1-axial loading assembly, 2-top beam fixing bolt, 3-top beam, 4-channel steel, 5-upright post, 6-lateral loading assembly, 7-base, 8-steel plate, 9-coal seam to be mined, 10-stope working face, 11-hydraulic oil pump, 12-control cabinet, 13-computer, 14-oil supply pipeline, 15-bolt, 16-goaf, 17-stope roadway, 18-coal pillar, 19-simulated bottom layer, 20-top plate, 21-hydraulic cylinder, 22-rectangular plate and 23-simulated stratum.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1 to 7, a two-dimensional analog simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine mining comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbance device, a control system and a test system;
the physical model frame comprises a base 7, a steel plate 8, upright columns 5, a top beam 3, a top plate 20, channel steel 4, bolts 15 and a left baffle and a right baffle, similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base 7 in an experiment, the upright columns 5 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the similar materials, and lateral loading assemblies 6 are arranged on the outer sides of the upright columns 5; the top of the uppermost layer of similar material is provided with a top beam 3, a top plate 20 is arranged on the top beam 3, and an axial loading assembly 1 is arranged between the top beam 3 and the top plate 20; and after drying, taking down the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side to carry out excavation operation needing simulation.
Channel-section steel 4 is used for simulating the filling of rock stratum, and the channel-section steel 4 of each layer is preceding and back, and it is fixed with the baffle about, and the baffle is crossing perpendicularly with channel-section steel 4, closely surrounds the simulation rock stratum, is used for filling and fixed simulation rock stratum, as shown in the first drawing, this drawing is that it is the same that the 23 highly of simulation stratum on every layer are presumed, and wherein the channel-section steel is by fixing bolt, can fix on the side stand, in addition stable, is equipped with the screw hole on the stand, both fixed back timber, also fixed channel-section steel, protection simulation platform prevents to collapse and scatters the.
The top beam 3 is fixed on the upright post 5 by a bolt 15, and the channel steel 4 can be fixed on the upright post 5 by the bolt 15 according to the requirement.
The hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading assembly 1, a lateral loading assembly 6 and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading assembly is embedded in the top beam 3 through a sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, the lateral loading assembly 6 is fixed on the left and right upright posts 5, and axial and lateral loading is applied through a loading device during experiments to simulate vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, an oil supply pipeline, an oil tank and a sealing ring.
Particularly, all hydraulic cylinders of the device adopt a double-set cylinder design, a set of disturbance oil cylinder capable of controlling oil pumping through a dynamic valve is embedded in a main oil cylinder applying static force externally, an oil filling port of the disturbance oil cylinder is positioned at the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is positioned at the rear side of the hydraulic cylinder side, an oil pipeline is connected with an oil tank, and dynamic disturbance loading of sine and cosine waves and rectangular waves with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa can be applied;
particularly, each loading dynamic valve of the loading system can be independently controlled to apply disturbance waves with different attributes, and can also be loaded through the combined synergistic effect of the control system according to the requirement.
The control system comprises a control cabinet 12, a computer 13 and an electronic controller (arranged in the control cabinet); the electronic controller is respectively connected with a computer 13 and a control cabinet 12 and used for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of a dynamic valve of a hydraulic cylinder, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card and is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system to control the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the output of images.
The test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera, a computer, an image acquisition card, a tension sensor and a pressure sensor; embedding a pressure box and a tension and pressure sensor according to design in the process of paving similar physical simulation materials, wherein the pressure box is connected with a pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensor is connected with a dynamic strain gauge to detect the change of internal stress; arranging speckles (prepared by a paint spraying method) on the surface of a similar physical simulation material, and analyzing a displacement change rule by using a DIC (digital image computer) test analysis system; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
In the device, the axial loading assembly 1 is vertically fixed by the top plate 20 and the top beam 3, and the top plate 20 and the top beam 3 are provided with grooves to realize vertical fixation, left and right movement of the axial loading assembly 1; the top beam 3 is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post 5 through a bolt 15; the bottom of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is designed into a rectangular plate 22, as shown in fig. 7, the force application area is increased, and the phenomenon that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated so as to increase the measurement error is avoided.
Among the above-mentioned device, channel-section steel 4 is made by the steel sheet, and threaded hole is seted up on it for convenient the dismantlement, and is fixed by bolted connection, two upper and lower screw holes are designed at the both ends on every layer to the channel-section steel, apart from certain distance symmetrical arrangement, because the channel-section steel is higher, strengthen stably with a pair of bolt.
In the device, the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly 6 and the axial loading assembly 1 are respectively connected with the oil supply pipeline 14 and the control system, so that disturbance can be conveniently applied, and the loading assembly, the lateral loading assembly and the axial loading assembly can be independently controlled or can be coordinated.
In the above device, the hydraulic cylinder 21 adopts a double-set cylinder design as shown in fig. 4, and can apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance of a designated frequency (completed by a dynamic valve) respectively, thereby better meeting the requirements of simulation experiments.
In the above device, the grooves of the top plate 20 and the top beam 3 are through, as shown in fig. 6, which facilitates the installation, movement and detachment of the axial loading assembly.
The two-dimensional analog simulation test method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation by using the device is described by using a specific embodiment.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system capable of applying disturbance, which is applied to research of overburden rock breaking and deformation rules under the synergistic effect of simulated high ground stress and dynamic disturbance:
firstly, selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to collected mine geological hydrological data, mining technical conditions and the like, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different stratums.
Secondly, manufacturing materials of a simulated stratum 23 according to the designed similar simulation material proportion, respectively installing a first layer of channel steel 4 on the upright posts 5 at two sides of the similar physical model framework (the physical model framework is installed on the simulated bottom layer 19), paving and compacting the simulated stratum materials in the similar physical model framework; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously laying a simulated formation material, and compacting; and laying other simulated strata 23, laying a layer of steel plate 8 (used for finally compacting the simulated strata) on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box and a tension and stress sensor at the corresponding position of the simulated strata 23 to be monitored, such as a coal bed 9 to be mined, a top floor and the like, according to the preset design.
And thirdly, drying the similar simulation material to meet the design requirement, removing the left and right steel plates and one side channel steel, cleaning and finishing the surface of the similar simulation material, and performing dot coating DIC (digital image processor) detection on speckles.
And fourthly, debugging the DIC, the high-speed camera, the strain gauge, the transient electromagnetic instrument and the computer and detecting equipment after all the similar simulation materials and the monitoring sensors are laid and installed in the similar physical model frame.
Installing the upper axial loading assembly 1 into a groove of the top beam 3 and sliding to a corresponding position, debugging the axial loading assembly and the lateral loading assembly after the upper axial loading assembly 1 is fixed by a top beam fixing bolt 2, pressurizing the top axial loading assembly 1 when the top axial loading assembly runs until the stress value of the coal seam to be mined reaches 20MPa, applying axial stress supplement, simulating the high ground stress condition of the coal seam with larger burial depth, and applying static load to a design value when the corresponding lateral loading assembly 6 runs.
Exploiting according to the design, starting the dynamic loading assemblies of the axial loading assembly and the lateral loading assembly while excavating, sequentially and alternately applying dynamic disturbance to the top axial loading assembly 1 along with the forward propulsion of the stope face 10, closing a dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder when the stope face crosses the influence range of the previous rectangular plate 22, stopping the dynamic disturbance, replacing the next hydraulic cylinder to apply the dynamic disturbance, applying sinusoidal disturbance to the applied dynamic disturbance according to the frequency and amplitude designed by the test scheme, and simulating the influence of the dynamic disturbances such as underground mining blasting, mechanical vibration, top coal caving and the like on the surrounding rock breaking and rock stratum deformation and crossing in the process of pushing the stope face 10.
And seventhly, detecting deformation of the rock stratum, stress of the rock stratum, internal breakage and the like by a detection system while mining is carried out.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a two-dimensional similar physical simulation system capable of applying disturbance, which is applied to research on the influence of mining disturbance on overlying strata fracture and deformation and the stability of an underlying goaf coal pillar during simulation of upper-layer residual coal re-mining:
firstly, selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to collected mine geological hydrological data, mining technical conditions and the like, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different stratums.
Secondly, manufacturing materials of the simulated stratum 23 according to the designed similar simulation material proportion, respectively installing a first layer of channel steel 4 on the upright posts 5 at two sides of the similar physical model frame, paving the materials of the simulated stratum 23 in the similar physical model frame and compacting the materials; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously laying a simulated formation material, and compacting; and laying other simulated strata 23, laying a layer of steel plate 8 on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box and pressure and tension sensors at corresponding positions of the simulated strata 23 to be monitored, such as a coal seam 9 to be mined, a top bottom plate and the like, which are designed in advance.
And thirdly, drying the similar simulation material to meet the design requirement, removing the left and right steel plates and the channel steel 4 on one side, cleaning and finishing the surface of the similar simulation material, and then spot-coating DIC (digital image processor) to detect speckles.
And fourthly, installing the upper axial loading assembly 1 into the groove of the top beam 3, sliding the upper axial loading assembly to a corresponding position, and debugging the loading and disturbance loading assembly after the upper axial loading assembly is fixed by the top beam fixing bolt 2.
And fifthly, debugging the DIC, the high-speed camera, the strain gauge, the transient electromagnetic instrument and the computer and detecting equipment after all monitoring equipment, sensors and the like are installed.
Sixthly, the top axial loading component 1 operates and pressurizes until the stress value of the coal seam to be mined reaches the design value, axial stress supplement is applied, and the corresponding lateral loading component 6 operates and applies static load to the design value.
And seventhly, excavating the coal seam 9 to be mined covered with the mined coal seam, excavating according to a design drawing, remaining the remaining coal pillars 18 in the goaf 16, and then excavating a stoping roadway 17 in the coal seam 9 to be mined according to a design size.
According to a preset test scheme, the lateral loading assembly 6 at the top applies sinusoidal disturbance according to the frequency and amplitude designed by the test scheme, and meanwhile, the axial loading assembly 1 at the top applies sinusoidal disturbance with corresponding frequency and amplitude to simulate the influence of dynamic disturbance on surrounding rock breakage, rock stratum deformation and crossing and coal pillars of the lower goaf in the process of mining and propelling the upper layer of residual coal.
And ninthly, when the mining is carried out, the detection system detects the deformation of the rock stratum, the stress of the rock stratum of the embedded pressure box, the internal breakage and the like, and the acoustic emission probe is arranged at the position of the coal pillar of the lower covering goaf to detect the internal micro-damage.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention design and not for limiting, and although the present invention design is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention design without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention design, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention design.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a two-dimentional analog simulation test device of mine exploitation dynamic disturbance which characterized in that: the system comprises a physical model frame, a hydraulic loading and disturbing device, a control system and a test system;
the physical model frame comprises a base, a steel plate, stand columns, a top beam, a top plate, channel steel, fixing bolts and a left baffle and a right baffle, similar materials with different proportions corresponding to simulated mine stratum conditions are uniformly paved upwards from the base in an experiment, the stand columns are arranged on the left side and the right side of the similar materials, and lateral loading devices are arranged on the outer sides of the stand columns; the top of the top layer of similar material is provided with a top beam, a top plate is arranged on the top beam, and an axial loading device is arranged between the top beam and the top plate; the baffle is vertically intersected with the channel steel, the simulated rock stratum is tightly surrounded and used for filling and fixing the simulated rock stratum, and after similar materials are dried, the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side are taken down to carry out excavation operation needing simulation;
the hydraulic loading and disturbing device comprises an axial loading device, a lateral loading device and a hydraulic oil supply system; the top axial loading assembly is embedded in the top beam through the sliding groove, can slide left and right while being fixed up and down, the lateral loading assembly is fixed on the left and right upright posts, and axial and lateral loading is applied through the loading device during experiments to simulate vertical and horizontal ground stress and disturbance force; the hydraulic oil supply system comprises a hydraulic pump, hydraulic oil, a hydraulic cylinder, a safety valve, a dynamic valve, an oil tank, a sealing ring, an oil supply pipeline and an oil return pipeline; wherein the dynamic valve is connected with the control system;
the control system comprises a control cabinet, a computer and an electronic controller; the electronic controller is respectively connected with a computer and a control cabinet and used for controlling the input of disturbance waveforms and the work of a dynamic valve of the hydraulic cylinder, the computer is provided with an image acquisition card and is connected with a high-speed camera in the experimental test system to control the image output of the DIC test analysis system, and the computer is also connected with a dynamic strain gauge in the experimental test system to control the output of the image;
the test system comprises a toughened glass plate, a transient electromagnetic instrument, a dynamic strain gauge, a pressure box, a pressure gauge, an acoustic emission probe, a DIC test analysis system, a high-speed camera, a computer, an image acquisition card, a tension sensor and a pressure sensor; embedding a pressure box and a tension and pressure sensor according to design in the process of paving similar physical simulation materials, wherein the pressure box is connected with a pressure gauge, and the tension and pressure sensor is connected with a dynamic strain gauge to detect the change of internal stress; arranging speckles on the surface of the similar physical simulation material, and analyzing a displacement change rule by using a DIC test analysis system; the transient electromagnetic instrument is used for simulating the exploration of a mine; and arranging an acoustic emission probe at the detection position to detect the fracture position of the similar simulated rock stratum.
2. The mine mining dynamic disturbance two-dimensional analog simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the axial loading assembly is fixed up and down by a top plate and a top beam, and the top plate and the top beam are provided with grooves to realize the up-down fixation, left-right movement of the axial loading assembly; the top beam is provided with a threaded hole and is fixed with the upright post through a bolt; the bottom of the hydraulic cylinder piston is designed to be a rectangular plate, so that the force application area is increased, and the phenomenon that the stress of a simulated rock stratum is too concentrated is avoided, and the measurement error is increased.
3. The mine mining dynamic disturbance two-dimensional analog simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the channel steel is made of steel plates, two threaded holes are respectively arranged at two ends of the channel steel from top to bottom, and the channel steel is connected and fixed on the stand column through bolts.
4. The mine mining dynamic disturbance two-dimensional analog simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic cylinder adopts a double-set cylinder design, a set of disturbance oil cylinder capable of pumping oil through a dynamic valve is embedded in a main oil cylinder applying static force externally so as to apply static pressure and input dynamic disturbance with specified frequency respectively, an oil injection port of the disturbance oil cylinder is positioned at the same side as the main oil cylinder, an oil return port is positioned at the rear side of the hydraulic cylinder and is connected with an oil tank through an oil return pipeline, and the dynamic disturbance loading of sine and cosine waves and rectangular waves with the frequency of 0-20 HZ and the amplitude of 0-10 MPa can be applied.
5. The mine mining dynamic disturbance two-dimensional analog simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: each dynamic valve of the loading system can be independently controlled, disturbance waves with different attributes are applied, and the loading system can also be loaded through the combined synergistic effect of the control system according to the requirement.
6. The mine mining dynamic disturbance two-dimensional analog simulation test device of claim 1, wherein: the grooves of the top plate and the top beam are communicated, so that the axial loading assembly is convenient to mount, move and dismount.
7. A two-dimensional analog simulation test method for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation, which adopts the two-dimensional analog simulation test device for dynamic disturbance of mine exploitation as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: selecting proper similar physical simulation materials according to the collected mine geological hydrological data and mining technical conditions, and designing the proportion of the similar physical simulation materials of different stratums;
step two: manufacturing simulated stratum materials according to the proportion of similar simulated materials, respectively installing a first layer of channel steel on two sides of a bottom plate of a similar physical model frame, paving the simulated stratum materials in the similar physical model frame and compacting the simulated stratum materials; then installing a second layer of channel steel, continuously laying a simulated formation material, and compacting; laying other simulated stratums, laying a layer of steel plate on the top of the model, and burying a pressure box and a tension and pressure sensor at a corresponding position of the stratum to be detected according to the pre-design;
step three: drying the similar simulation material to meet the design requirement, removing the left baffle, the right baffle and the channel steel on one side, cleaning and tidying the surface of the similar simulation material, and laying DIC (digital image computer) to detect speckles;
step four: after all similar simulation materials and monitoring sensors are laid and installed on the similar physical model frame, debugging a DIC, a high-speed camera, a strain gauge, a transient electromagnetic instrument and a computer and detecting equipment;
step five: installing an upper axial loading system into a top beam groove and sliding to a corresponding position, debugging the loading and disturbance loading system, operating and pressurizing a top loading system, and applying axial stress for supplement;
step six: according to design mining, axial and lateral dynamic disturbances are applied while excavation is carried out, and the influence of dynamic disturbances such as underground mining blasting, mechanical vibration, top coal caving and the like on surrounding rock breaking and rock stratum deformation collapse is simulated;
step seven: while the mining is in progress, the detection system detects formation deformation, formation stress and internal fractures.
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