CN106226494B - A kind of orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to orebody mining disturbance country rocks to lead to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus, including scaled physical model frame, and loading device, side direction pressurization apparatus simulate pressurised aqueous layer device, experiment test device；Scaled physical model frame is made of pedestal, three columns and top beam, wherein two outer heel posts in three columns are vertical columns, interior heel post is movable column；Loading device is by air bag, tracheae, air gauge, valve and high pressure gas cylinder composition；Side direction pressurization apparatus is made of console, hydraulic jack；It simulates pressurised aqueous layer and aquifer water-bearing stratum is simulated by filling fine sand in plastic film cover, reconnect water pipe, by water pump to water supply in plastic film cover application and simulation aquifer water pressure；Similar physical modeling materials, which are designed, by the intensity likelihood ratio is packed into plastic film as similar physical analogy water proof stratum；Experiment test device is made of armorplate glass, video camera, Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, deformeter, Acoustic radiating instrument, light grating analysis instrument and computer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of experimental rig, in particulaing relate to a kind of orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable homologue
Manage simulation test device.
Background technique
Underground mining is the maximum underground excavation activity of the mankind, and subterranean body is by exploitation disturbance, crustal stress or applies outer
Rupture and movement occur for power effect, rock stratum, and crack will excavate space and water-bearing layer penetrates through, and lead to mine perviousness accident, and such as 2016
53 divide when on July 2,22 in, and Shanxi is oozed to be occurred thoroughly with 2405 air return way driving face of village's coal industry Co., Ltd in energy group
Water accident, 12 people are stranded underground；March in 2010 28 ridge the Wang Jia panel Kuang Beiyi 101 air return way occur water leak accident, accident
It causes 153 people stranded, wherein 115 people are rescued, separately has 38 miners wrecked.
Similar physical simulation experiment is one of the important means of Study of The Underground exploitation failure and deformation of surrounding rocks evolutionary process, is passed through
Similar physics material simulation stratum, which reproduces to excavate, leads to surrouding rock deformation, rupture and movement, using monitoring instrument test data, analysis
Country rock by mining effect there is a phenomenon where and process regularity, provide scientific basis for Practical Project and production practices.
Traditional similar physical analog test apparatus generally uses gravitational load, and loading direction is level side vertically downward
To tectonic stress cannot effectively simulate；Mainly foundation cranny development height judges for influence for water-bearing layer to exploitation, every
Water rock stratum is determined to the barriering effect of water in water-bearing layer is also the development of foundation wall-rock crack；And the hydraulic pressure in water-bearing layer can not have
Effect simulation also results in permeable when the hydraulic pressure in water-bearing layer is more than the tensile strength of reserved rock stratum.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, how to improve existing similar mould physics intends experimental rig, the similar physical analogy of tradition is overcome
Defect existing for experimental rig, both can guarantee homologue reason simulation test device overall stability and simulation aquifer water-bearing stratum can
Repeatability, and exploitation disturbance is able to satisfy to rock mass damage law study needs between quarry body and water-bearing layer, become urgent need solution
Critical issue certainly.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcomings of present in existing similar physical analog test apparatus, the invention reside in provide a kind of ore body to open
Adopting disturbance country rock leads to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus, solves exploitation disturbance to rock between quarry body and water-bearing layer
The demand of body failure law research.
To achieve the above object, the technical scheme is that
A kind of orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus, by scaled physical model frame
Frame, loading device, side direction pressurization apparatus, the several part compositions of simulation pressurised aqueous layer device, experiment test device.
Scaled physical model frame is made of pedestal, three columns and top beam, wherein two in three columns are outer edge-on
Column is vertical columns, and interior heel post is movable column, and the upper and lower ends of interior heel post are connected using roller bearing with top beam and pedestal.
Loading device observes air gauge by control valve by air bag, tracheae, air gauge, valve and high pressure gas cylinder composition
To determine that the pressure value that air bag applies to model top closes valve, slowly open pressure relief valve, air bag unloads after the test
Pressure.
Side direction pressurization apparatus is made of console, hydraulic jack, and wherein one end of hydraulic jack is fixed on homologue
On the vertical columns for managing model framework, the other end is fixed on the movable column of scaled physical model frame；Pass through hydraulic jack
Apply the tectonic stress in lateral pressure dummy level direction.
Simulate pressurised aqueous layer device by water tank, water pump, water pipe, water pressure gauge, shut-off valve and similar physical analogy aqueously
Layer composition fills fine sand wherein similar physical analogy aquifer water-bearing stratum is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand in plastic film cover,
Water pipe is reconnected, applies the interior water and hydraulic pressure to supply water and simulate water-bearing layer to plastic film cover by water pump.
Similar physics simulated formation, according to design proportion production, is set using gypsum, sand, lime, water by the intensity likelihood ratio
It counts analog simulation physical material and is packed into plastic film cover as similar physical analogy water proof stratum.
Experiment test device is by armorplate glass, video camera, Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus, deformeter, Acoustic radiating instrument, light grating point
Analyzer and computer composition；Monitoring point for displacement is laid on similar physical modeling materials surface, continuously photographs to record position with video camera
Move the mutation analysis displacement law of monitoring point；Transient electromagnetic probe is arranged above and below similar physical analogy water proof stratum, monitors mould
Quasi- water-bearing layer seepage flow and similar physical analogy water proof effect；Deformeter and the monitoring of light grating analysis instrument are in similar physical analogy material
Foil gauge and distribution type fiber-optic are buried in material, determine that orebody mining disturbance causes country rock internal stress to change；Acoustic radiating instrument is for surveying
Try similar physical analogy fracturation position；
Orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to the operating procedure of permeable similar physical analog test apparatus:
Step 1: being familiar with the geological hydrology and Mining technology condition of productive formation, according to the data being collected into, selects similar
Physical modeling materials design the proportion of the similar physical modeling materials of each simulated formation.
Step 2: production simulated formation material is matched according to similar materials, in scaled physical model frame two sides point
Not An Zhuan first layer channel steel, simulated formation material is laid in scaled physical model frame, and is compacted；In installation second layer slot
It is laid with simulated formation material in steel, then scaled physical model frame, and is compacted；Successively carry out the production of other simulated formations.
Step 3: foil gauge is buried by design requirement in the top plate of exploitation ore body and the similar materials of bottom plate and is divided
Cloth optical fiber.
Step 4: similar materials are designed by the intensity likelihood ratio in analog simulation water proof stratum, and are packed into plastic film,
The surrounding of plastic film lays the position that must be over simulation water-bearing layer, realizes water proof simulation by plastic film；Simulation every
Water stratum is installed by transient electromagnetic probe and acoustic emission probe up and down.
Step 5: analog simulation aquifer water-bearing stratum is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, and fine sand is filled in plastic film cover,
Reconnect water pipe.
Step 6: similar materials, which are dried, reaches design requirement, removes side channel steel, clears up similar materials table
Face, but plastic film cannot be destroyed, monitoring point for displacement is set, and two for installing armorplate glass in scaled physical model frame are solid
Determine on column.
Step 7: the similar physical modeling materials and monitoring sensor of all simulated formations are spread in scaled physical model frame
And if after installation, installing the top beam of air bag, tracheae and scaled physical model frame in scaled physical model framework upper.
Step 8: debugging and inspection detecting instrument apply interior water supply and simulation aquifer water to plastic film cover by water pump
Pressure；Lateral Simulation Study On Pressure horizontal direction tectonic stress；It is pressurizeed by high pressure gas cylinder to air bag, implementation model top applies.
Step 9: exploiting according to design, operates the displacement, strain, sound hair of detecting instrument and sensor monitoring simulated formation
It penetrates and current value, analysis orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable mechanism.
The beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in:
1. the device effectively can lead to cranny development evolutionary process by analog study exploitation disturbance country rock, wall-rock crack is analyzed
Perforation induces the permeable mechanism in water-bearing layer.
2. horizontal structural s tress has a major impact digging adjoining rock stability, which is applied lateral using side direction pressurization apparatus
The tectonic stress of pressure simulation horizontal direction.
3. similar physical analogy aquifer water-bearing stratum is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, thin to plastics by water pipe by water pump
Membrane cover applies the interior water and hydraulic pressure to supply water and simulate water-bearing layer.
4. designing similar physical modeling materials by the intensity likelihood ratio is packed into plastic film as similar physical analogy water proof
Layer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 exploitation induces the similar physical analog test apparatus schematic diagram of roof water-inrush
Fig. 2 exploits the similar physical analog test apparatus schematic diagram for causing bottom plate permeable
Fig. 3 water-bearing fault and the permeable similar physical analog test apparatus schematic diagram of water guide karst collapse col umn
Fig. 4 experiment test device schematic diagram
In figure: 1- high pressure gas cylinder 2- valve 3- air gauge 4- tracheae 5- hydraulic control panel 6- vertical columns 7- is hydraulic
Water-bearing layer 14- water is simulated to reinforcing column 10- frame 11- air bag 12- simulated formation 13- in the side top beam 9- jack 8-
Case 15- water pump 16- water pressure gauge 17- shut-off valve 18- water pipe 19- video camera 20- armorplate glass 21- computer 22-
Transient Electromagnetic Apparatus 23- deformeter 24- Acoustic radiating instrument 25- light grating analysis instrument 26- simulation water-bearing fault and water guide are subside
Column
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
(1) roof water inrush simulation test is exploited under water-bearing layer
1. being familiar with the geological hydrology and Mining technology condition of productive formation, according to the data being collected into, similar physics is selected
Simulation material designs the proportion of the similar physical modeling materials of each simulated formation.
2. production simulated formation (12) material is matched according to similar materials, in scaled physical model frame (10) two sides
First layer channel steel is installed respectively, simulated formation (12) material is laid in scaled physical model frame (10), and be compacted；It is installing
It is laid with simulated formation (12) material in second layer channel steel, then scaled physical model frame (10), and is compacted；Successively carry out other moulds
The production of quasi- stratum (12).
3. ore body, top plate physics simulated formation (12) similar with bottom plate are exploited, according to sensor design position, in similar mould
Foil gauge and distribution type fiber-optic are buried by design requirement in quasi- material, other simulated formations (12) are successively laid with using method 2.
Similar physical modeling materials.
4. similar materials are designed by the intensity likelihood ratio in analog simulation water proof stratum, and are packed into plastic film, plastics
The surrounding of film lays the position that must be over simulation water-bearing layer (13), realizes water proof simulation by plastic film；Simulation every
Water stratum is installed by transient electromagnetic probe and acoustic emission probe up and down.
5. simulation water proof stratum and other simulated formations simulated between water-bearing layer (13) are successively spread using method 2.
If other similar physical modeling materials of simulated formation (12), until simulation water-bearing layer (13).
6. analog simulation water-bearing layer (13) are formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, fine sand is filled in plastic film cover, then
It connects water pipe (18).
7. similar materials, which are dried, reaches design requirement, side channel steel is removed, clears up similar materials surface, but not
It can destroy plastic film, monitoring point for displacement is set, two in scaled physical model frame (10) of installation armorplate glass (20)
On vertical columns；
8. the similar physical modeling materials and monitoring sensor of all simulated formations (12) are in scaled physical model frame
(10) after being laid with and install, air bag (11), tracheae (4) and similar physics are installed on scaled physical model frame (10) top
The top beam (8) of model framework (10)；Pressure in air bag (11), which has, provides gas in high pressure gas cylinder (1), air gauge (3) display reaches
It to design air pressure, closes valve (2), realizes flexible load.
9. the water of debugging and inspection detecting instrument, water tank (14) gives plastic film cover to apply interior water supply, water by water pump (15)
After pressure table (16) display simulation water-bearing layer (13) hydraulic pressure reaches design hydraulic pressure, close shut-off valve (17)；Lateral pressurization is by hydraulic control
Platform (5) processed controls the hydraulic jack (7) being fixed on vertical columns (6), and pushing tow laterally reinforces column (9) dummy level direction
Tectonic stress；It is pressurizeed by high pressure gas cylinder (1) to air bag (11), implementation model top applies.
10. being exploited according to design, operates detecting instrument (19,21,22,23,24,25) and sensor monitors simulated formation
Displacement, strain, sound emission and current value, analysis orebody mining disturbance country rock lead to permeable mechanism.
(2) water-resisting floor and water-bearing layer gushing water simulation test
1. being familiar with the geology of productive formation, the hydrology and Mining technology condition, according to the data collected, analog simulation material is selected
Material, designs the proportion of the similar physical modeling materials of each simulated formation.
2. production simulated formation (12) material is matched according to similar materials, in scaled physical model frame (10) two sides
First layer channel steel is installed respectively, simulated formation (12) material is laid in scaled physical model frame (10), and be compacted；It is installing
It is laid with simulated formation (12) material in second layer channel steel, then scaled physical model frame (10), and is compacted.
3. analog simulation water-bearing layer (13) are formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, fine sand, modeling are filled in plastic film cover
It is laid with plastic film upwards around material thin-film covering, other simulated formations (12) are all laid in the plastic film, reconnect water
Pipe.
4. have non-water proof stratum in simulation water-bearing layer (13), using method 2., it is successively laid with other simulated formations
(12) similar physical modeling materials, until like simulation water proof stratum.
5. similar materials are designed by the intensity likelihood ratio in analog simulation water proof stratum, and are packed into plastic film, rely on
Plastic film realizes water proof simulation；Installation transient electromagnetic probe and acoustic emission probe above and below simulation water proof stratum.
6. ore body, top plate physics simulated formation (12) similar with bottom plate are exploited, according to sensor design position, in similar mould
Foil gauge and distribution type fiber-optic are buried by design requirement in quasi- material, the phase of simulated formation (12) is successively laid with using method 2.
Like physical modeling materials.
7. similar materials, which are dried, reaches design requirement, side channel steel is removed, clears up similar materials surface, but not
It can destroy plastic film, monitoring point for displacement is set, two in scaled physical model frame (10) of installation armorplate glass (20)
On vertical columns；
8. the similar physical modeling materials and monitoring sensor of all simulated formations (12) are in scaled physical model frame
(10) after being laid with and install, air bag (11), tracheae (4) and similar physics are installed on scaled physical model frame (10) top
The top beam (8) of model framework (10)；Pressure in air bag (11), which has, provides gas in high pressure gas cylinder (1), air gauge (3) display reaches
It to design air pressure, closes valve (2), realizes flexible load.
9. the water of debugging and inspection detecting instrument, water tank (14) gives plastic film cover to apply interior water supply, water by water pump (15)
After pressure table (16) display simulation water-bearing layer (13) hydraulic pressure reaches design hydraulic pressure, close shut-off valve (17)；Lateral pressurization is by hydraulic control
Platform (5) processed controls the hydraulic jack (7) being fixed on vertical columns (6), and pushing tow laterally reinforces column (9) dummy level direction
Tectonic stress；It is pressurizeed by high pressure gas cylinder (1) to air bag (11), implementation model top applies.
10. being exploited according to design, operates detecting instrument (19,21,22,23,24,25) and sensor monitors simulated formation
Displacement, strain, sound emission and current value, analysis orebody mining disturbance country rock lead to permeable mechanism.
(3) water-bearing fault and water guide Water Inrush From Karstic Collapse Columns simulation test
1. being familiar with the geological hydrology and Mining technology condition of productive formation, according to the data being collected into, similar physics is selected
Simulation material designs the proportion of the similar physical modeling materials of each simulated formation.
2. production simulated formation (12) material is matched according to similar materials, in scaled physical model frame (10) two sides
First layer channel steel is installed respectively, simulated formation (12) material is laid in scaled physical model frame (10), and be compacted；Pacifying
It fills and is laid with simulated formation (12) material in second layer channel steel, then scaled physical model frame (10), and be compacted；Successively carry out other
The production of simulated formation (12).
3. the production of similar physical analogy water-bearing fault and water guide karst collapse col umn is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, plastics
Fine sand is filled in thin-film covering, is reconnected water pipe (18).
4. laying exploitation ore body, top plate and bottom plate around similar physical analogy water-bearing fault and water guide karst collapse col umn (26)
Similar physical modeling materials, according to sensor design position, in similar physical modeling materials by design requirement bury foil gauge,
Distribution type fiber-optic, transient electromagnetic probe and acoustic emission probe, it is similar to be successively laid with other simulated formations (12) using method 2.
Physical modeling materials；
5. similar materials, which are dried, reaches design requirement, side channel steel is removed, clears up similar materials surface, but not
It can destroy plastic film, monitoring point for displacement is set, two in scaled physical model frame (10) of installation armorplate glass (20)
On vertical columns；
6. the similar physical modeling materials and monitoring sensor of all simulated formations (12) are in scaled physical model frame
(10) after being laid with and install, air bag (11), tracheae (4) and similar physics are installed on scaled physical model frame (10) top
The top beam (8) of model framework (10)；Pressure in air bag (11), which has, provides gas in high pressure gas cylinder (1), air gauge (3) display reaches
It to design air pressure, closes valve (2), realizes flexible load.
7. the water of debugging and inspection detecting instrument, water tank (14) gives plastic film cover to apply interior water supply, water by water pump (15)
After pressure table (16) display simulation water-bearing fault and water guide karst collapse col umn (26) plastic film cover hydraulic pressure reach design hydraulic pressure, cut-off is closed
Valve (17)；Lateral pressurization controls the hydraulic jack (7) being fixed on vertical columns (6) by hydraulic control panel (5), and pushing tow is lateral
Reinforce column (9) dummy level directional structure vectorical structure stress；It is pressurizeed by high pressure gas cylinder (1) to air bag (11), implementation model top applies.
8. being exploited according to design, operates detecting instrument (19,21,22,23,24,25) and sensor monitors simulated formation
Displacement, strain, sound emission and current value, analysis orebody mining disturbance country rock lead to permeable mechanism.
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but the protection scope invented is not limited thereto, any ripe
The engineers and technicians for knowing the art within the technical scope of the present invention, can do some transformation, such as loading method, structure shape
Formula, simulated formation are laid with form and frame structure etc., all should be as infringement protection scope of the present invention.Therefore guarantor of the invention
Protecting range should be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of orebody mining disturbance country rock leads to permeable similar physical analog test apparatus, by scaled physical model frame,
Loading device, side direction pressurization apparatus, simulation pressurised aqueous layer device and the several part compositions of experimental test, it is characterised in that:
(1) scaled physical model frame is made of pedestal, three columns and top beam, wherein two outer heel posts in three columns
For vertical columns, interior heel post is movable column, and the upper and lower ends of interior heel post are connected using roller bearing with top beam and pedestal；
(2) loading device is made of air bag, tracheae, air gauge, valve and high pressure gas cylinder, by control valve, observes air gauge
To determine that the pressure value that air bag applies to model top closes valve, slowly open pressure relief valve, air bag unloads after the test
Pressure；
(3) side direction pressurization apparatus is made of console, hydraulic jack, and wherein one end of hydraulic jack is fixed on similar physics
On the vertical columns of model framework, the other end is fixed on the movable column of scaled physical model frame；It is applied by hydraulic jack
Tectonic stress of the plus side to pressure simulation horizontal direction；
(4) simulation pressurised aqueous layer device is by water tank, water pump, water pipe, water pressure gauge, shut-off valve and similar physical analogy aquifer water-bearing stratum
Composition fills fine sand wherein similar physical analogy aquifer water-bearing stratum is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand in plastic film cover, then
Water pipe is connected, applies interior water supply and simulation aquifer water pressure to plastic film cover by water pump；
(5) similar physics simulated formation is designed using gypsum, sand, lime, water according to design proportion production by the intensity likelihood ratio
Similar physical modeling materials are packed into plastic film cover as similar physical analogy water proof stratum；
(6) experimental test content and mode include: displacement measurement, lay monitoring point for displacement on similar physical modeling materials surface,
The mutation analysis displacement law of monitoring point for displacement is continuously photographed to record with video camera；Seepage flow test, in similar physical analogy water proof
Transient electromagnetic probe, monitoring simulation water-bearing layer seepage flow and similar physical analogy water proof effect are arranged in stratum up and down；Strain testing is answered
Become instrument and foil gauge and distribution type fiber-optic are buried in the monitoring of light grating analysis instrument in similar physical modeling materials, determines that ore body is opened
Adopting disturbance causes country rock internal stress to change；Fracturation tests similar physical analogy fracturation position with Acoustic radiating instrument；
(7) operating method of experimental rig is as follows:
Step 1: being familiar with the geological hydrology and Mining technology condition of productive formation, according to the data being collected into, selects similar physics
Simulation material designs the proportion of the similar physical modeling materials of each simulated formation；
Step 2: production simulated formation material is matched according to similar physical modeling materials, in scaled physical model frame two sides point
Not An Zhuan first layer channel steel, simulated formation material is laid in scaled physical model frame, and is compacted；In installation second layer slot
It is laid with simulated formation material in steel, then scaled physical model frame, and is compacted；Successively carry out the production of other simulated formations；
Step 3: foil gauge is buried by design requirement in the top plate of exploitation ore body and the similar physical modeling materials of bottom plate and is divided
Cloth optical fiber；
Step 4: similar physical modeling materials are designed by the intensity likelihood ratio in analog simulation water proof stratum, and are packed into plastic film,
The surrounding of plastic film lays the position that must be over simulation water-bearing layer, realizes water proof simulation by plastic film；Simulation every
Water stratum is installed by transient electromagnetic probe and acoustic emission probe up and down；
Step 5: similar physical analogy aquifer water-bearing stratum is formed using plastic film cover and fine sand, and fine sand is filled in plastic film cover,
Reconnect water pipe；
Step 6: similar physical modeling materials, which dry, reaches design requirement, removes side channel steel, clears up similar physical modeling materials
Surface, but cannot destroy plastic film, is arranged monitoring point for displacement, two in scaled physical model frame of installation armorplate glass
On vertical columns；
Step 7: the similar physical modeling materials of all simulated formations and monitoring sensor be laid in scaled physical model frame and
After installation, the top beam of air bag, tracheae and scaled physical model frame is installed in scaled physical model framework upper；
Step 8: debugging and inspection detecting instrument apply interior water supply and simulation aquifer water pressure to plastic film cover by water pump；Side
To Simulation Study On Pressure horizontal direction tectonic stress；It is pressurizeed by high pressure gas cylinder to air bag, implementation model top applies；
Step 9: exploiting according to design, operate detecting instrument and the sensor monitoring displacement of simulated formation, strain, sound emission and
Current value, analysis orebody mining disturbance country rock lead to permeable mechanism.
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