CN101625352A - Test method of karst water burst when tunneling and monitor device thereof - Google Patents
Test method of karst water burst when tunneling and monitor device thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method of karst water burst when tunneling, comprising the following steps of: preparing materials; filling materials; embedding elements; embedding a water tank; injecting water and monitoring, tunneling and monitoring, etc. The invention further discloses a monitor device used for the test method of the karst water burst when tunneling, comprising a module frame fixed on a base, a preset water tank, a water pressure loading mechanism, a stress field monitoring mechanism, a deformation field monitoring mechanism, a temperature field monitoring mechanism, a seepage field monitoring mechanism, an acoustic emission field monitoring mechanism, a module surface displacement deformation observing mechanism, a module deformation and water burst observing mechanism in tunnels after tunneling, a fiber demodulation device and a computer. The invention simultaneously can research the change regularity of premonitory multi field information which induces the water burst when tunneling at different water body containing positions and under different water pressure conditions, has wide application, high reliability, abundant collecting data, high test precision, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel excavation karst declogging test method and monitoring device, belong to the test model field.
Background technology
At present, China's development of economic construction is more and more rapider, and the requirement of infrastructure construction is constantly improved, and in Transport Facility Construction, during Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering was built, the buried mountain tunnel of growing up constantly increased.China's carbonatite is widely distributed, but account for 1/3 of area by the calculating of lava strata distribution area, karst deep-lying long tunnels engineering is because buried depth is big, barrel is long, geologic condition is complicated, in construction process, will run into a series of special disaster geological problems, as landslide, gushing water, prominent mud problems such as (sand).Wherein common with the tunnel gushing water, harmfulness is also maximum, often brings very big harm to engineering construction, causes a large amount of wall rock destabilizations, and the tunnel is scrapped or human casualty accident.Therefore, strengthen the research of tunnel gushing water, set up proper prophylactic methods and ensure constructing tunnel and tunnel operation security, have great importance.
The analysis of the prominent water burst in tunnel is at first from qualitative examination, analysis the earliest is just by finding out that rule is deposited in phreatic distribution and tax in the moisture country rock in tunnel, analyze the hydrogeology and the engineering geological condition of tunnel excavation, determine phreatic zone of enrichment or enrichment region and component in fault structure zone, the equiprobable underground Shuitu water burst passage of crack dense band, judge whether to take place prominent water burst.
The variation research at present of studying the many field information of Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor by model test is few, the universal model test can only be studied preceding one or two information change of Tunnel Karst gushing water, can not study under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation, tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor.The universal model test mainly contains the model test of utilizing rock temperature method prediction tunnel tunnel face front water content, Guo Rujun (2008) is from rock temperature influence factor and rock temperature field, by Eccentric Loads in Layered Soils and Research, the relation of rock temperature and tunnel construction tunnel face front water content and the forecast principle and the feasibility of tunnel construction tunnel face front water content have been analyzed.Variation evolution rule to surrouding rock stress field, temperature field, seepage field, acoustic emission field etc. in the Tunnel Karst gushing water forming process does not form clearly understanding as yet at present.
The Changing Pattern of research Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor information, and then realization is to the prediction of Tunnel Karst gushing water, should study the variation of many field information, from the variation of many field information, analyze the correlativity of each, find the main Changing Pattern of water inrush precursor information, the size that should consider water content position, hydraulic pressure is brought out the influence of many field information of water inrush precursor Changing Pattern to tunnel excavation, thereby comprehensive considering various effects improves the precision of prediction.For the reliability and the precision that improve Monitoring Data should be selected the high monitoring instrument of sampling rate for use, thereby realize that real-time monitoring to test captures change in information rule before the gushing water.Traditional monitoring element does not have the function of waterproof, and the low real-time monitoring that can not realize test of sampling rate.By the Changing Pattern of model investigation Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor information, should consider that the monitoring element of selecting has the function of waterproof, the monitoring function that it still can be brought into normal play under the situation of meeting water.
Summary of the invention
At above-mentioned prior art, the invention provides a kind of tunnel excavation karst declogging test method, with and monitoring device, the present invention can consider under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation, tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor, can realize the real-time monitoring to stress field, deformation field, temperature field, seepage field, acoustic emission field in the model test simultaneously, image data is abundant, the test accuracy height.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of tunnel excavation karst declogging test method may further comprise the steps:
1) batching: allocation models test analog material: utilize ratio of similitude to require configuration test model material, similar requirements such as cast material should meeting geometric, motion, power, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, intensity.
2) filler: the test material that configures is positioned in the model support according to actual relative position, around the model support gluing with prevent in the test water from around ooze out.
3) bury element underground: bury monitoring element underground in specified location, survey line is drawn and link to each other with monitoring instrument, whether function is normal to check element, should bury underground again for the element of cisco unity malfunction.
4) bury water tank underground: water tank is placed model support by assigned address, and the hydraulic pressure load maintainer is drawn.
5) water filling and monitoring: start each monitoring instrument simultaneously, treat the slow water filling of beginning after 10 minutes, make water level reach the height of appointment, use to keep existing height of water level communicating pipe; Continuous acquisition 12～16 hours is permeated in model until water body and to be reached steady state (SS); The standard that infiltration reaches steady state (SS) be instrument monitoring to index significant change does not take place in time.
6) excavation and monitoring: open video camera in model dead ahead and dead astern, camera is recorded a video, treat to begin tunnel excavation after 10 minutes; Use video camera to take the excavation overall process, the use camera is taken the scene in each tunnel, step excavation back, manual record process of the test SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING; Step excavation is until tunnel generation gushing water phenomenon;
7) position, the water pressure size of change water tank, repeating step (3)～(6).
8) information that obtains by above step draws that tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation.
The present invention can realize that image data is enriched the test accuracy height to the real-time monitoring of stress field, deformation field, temperature field, seepage field, acoustic emission field in the model test.
A kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging, it comprises distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism, optical fiber (FBG) demodulator and computing machine in the model support that is fixed on the pedestal, prefabricated water tank, hydraulic pressure load maintainer, stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring, seepage field mechanism for monitoring, acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring, model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism, the tunnel, model excavation back; Wherein, prefabricated water tank is positioned at the inside of model support, and the hydraulic pressure load maintainer is positioned at the top of model support; Stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring and seepage field mechanism for monitoring all are positioned at the inside of model support, and each mechanism for monitoring links to each other with computing machine by the optical fiber (FBG) demodulator; Acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring is positioned at the model support surface, and links to each other with the acoustic emission main frame by prime amplifier; Model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism is installed in the dead ahead of model support, and links to each other with computing machine; The dead ahead that distortion in the tunnel, model excavation back and gushing water sampling mechanism are installed in the model tunnel, and link to each other with computing machine.
Described hydraulic pressure load maintainer is the water level pipe of band scale, changes the size of hydraulic pressure by the height of water level in the adjusting water pipe.
Described stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring, seepage field mechanism for monitoring are respectively optical fiber stress sensor, displacement transducer, temperature sensor, osmotic pressure sensor.
Described acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring is the acoustic emission probe.
Described model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism comprises camera and Digital Video tripod, and it is installed in the dead ahead of model support, and camera links to each other with computing machine.
Distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism in the tunnel, described model excavation back comprise video camera and Digital Video tripod, and it is installed in the dead ahead in model tunnel, and video camera links to each other with computing machine.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the present invention proposes to study by model test the variation of the many field information of Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor, can study that tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation simultaneously.Universal model test can only be studied preceding one or two information change of Tunnel Karst gushing water, can not study that tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation; Image data of the present invention is abundant, test accuracy is high.The present invention proposes corresponding test unit, this device is compared with other devices, and the sampling rate height can realize that the monitoring element of selection has the function of waterproof to the real-time monitoring of test, the monitoring function that it still can be brought into normal play under the situation of meeting water.That the present invention has is applied widely, fiduciary level is high, image data is abundant, the test accuracy advantages of higher.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow diagram of test method of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Facad structure synoptic diagram of monitoring device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side structure synoptic diagram of monitoring device of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is positioned at the model test structural representation of tunnel top for water body;
Fig. 5 is positioned at the model test structural representation of tunnel sidepiece for water body.
Wherein, 1, pedestal; 2, model support; 3, tunnel; 4, prefabricated water tank; 5, water level pipe; 6, water body 7, optical fiber stress sensor; 8, optical fibre displacement sensor; 9, fibre optic temperature sensor; 10, optical fiber osmotic pressure sensor; 11, acoustic emission probe; 12, video camera; 13, tripod; 14, optical fiber (FBG) demodulator; 15, computing machine; 16, prime amplifier; 17, acoustic emission main frame.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
A kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging, it comprises the model support 2 that is fixed on the pedestal 1, prefabricated water tank 4, water level pipe 5 (band scale), optical fiber stress sensor 7, displacement transducer 8, temperature sensor 9, osmotic pressure sensor 10, acoustic emission probe 11, model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism, distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism in the tunnel, model excavation back, optical fiber (FBG) demodulator 14 and computing machine 15, as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, wherein, prefabricated water tank 4 is positioned at the inside of model support 2, and water level pipe 5 is positioned at the top of model support 2; Optical fiber stress sensor 7, displacement transducer 8, temperature sensor 9 and osmotic pressure sensor 10 all are positioned at the inside of model support 2, and each sensor links to each other with computing machine 15 by optical fiber (FBG) demodulator 14; Acoustic emission probe 11 is positioned at the model support surface, and links to each other with acoustic emission main frame 17 by prime amplifier 16; Model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism is installed in the dead ahead of model support 2, and links to each other with computing machine 15; The dead ahead that distortion in the tunnel, model excavation back and gushing water sampling mechanism are installed in the model tunnel, and link to each other with computing machine 15.
Described model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism comprises video camera 12 and tripod 13, and it is installed in the dead ahead of model support 2, and camera links to each other with computing machine 15.
Distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism in the tunnel, described model excavation back comprise video camera 12 and tripod 13, and it is installed in the dead ahead in model tunnel 3, and video camera links to each other with computing machine 15.
Embodiment: carry out the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging, step is as follows:
1) batching: allocation models test analog material: utilize ratio of similitude to require configuration test model material, similar requirements such as cast material should meeting geometric, motion, power, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, intensity.
2) filler: the test material that configures is positioned in the model support according to actual relative position, around the model support gluing with prevent in the test water from around ooze out.
3) bury element underground: bury monitoring element underground in specified location, survey line is drawn and link to each other with monitoring instrument, whether function is normal to check element, should bury underground again for the element of cisco unity malfunction.
4) bury water tank underground: water tank is placed model support by assigned address, and the hydraulic pressure load maintainer is drawn.
5) water filling and monitoring: start each monitoring instrument simultaneously, treat the slow water filling of beginning after 10 minutes, make water level reach the height of appointment, use to keep existing height of water level communicating pipe; Continuous acquisition 12～16 hours is permeated in model until water body and to be reached steady state (SS); The standard that infiltration reaches steady state (SS) be instrument monitoring to index significant change does not take place in time.
6) excavation and monitoring: open video camera in model dead ahead and dead astern, camera is recorded a video, treat to begin tunnel excavation after 10 minutes; Use video camera to take the excavation overall process, the use camera is taken the scene in each tunnel, step excavation back, manual record process of the test SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING; Step excavation is until tunnel generation gushing water phenomenon;
7) position, the water pressure size of change water tank, repeating step (3)～(6).
8) information that obtains by above step draws that tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation.
The test of this tunnel excavation karst declogging is determined geometric similarity than being C=100, and model casing is of a size of 1500mm * 500mm * 1800mm, and the excavation position is in the position of model casing bottom 1/3rd.It is high for about 100mm to be of a size of wide 130mm according to actual tunnel, adopts step excavation.Obtain model mechanics parameter such as table 1 according to the protolith mechanics parameter, rule of thumb, adopt sand, paraffin to come analogue formation as raw material.
The main mechanics parameter table of table 1 model test
Test findings and analysis thereof:
Can obtain following several basic result by Tunnel Karst gushing water model test:
One, in the model test, excavation disturbance is bigger to each influence, and stress field, deformation field, temperature field, seepage field, acoustic emission field Monitoring Data all have than obvious variation.
Two, this test monitoring point is a symmetric arrangement, and the data of monitoring point of equal height is close difference again.Data are close has verified that the result's is reliable, monitoring point, data difference left side is bigger than monitoring point, right side acoustic emission data, think that this explanation water body is beforely to infiltrate from the left side, this conclusion can be verified from other monitoring parameter such as temperature, resistivity analysis, illustrates that the device of method of the present invention and use can monitor the infiltration process of water along the crack.
Three, excavation causes the tunnel water inrush precursor information obvious, and selected monitoring instrument can capture the variation of the many field information of Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor.
Four, have tangible acoustie emission event, energy surge phenomenon before the tunnel water burst, water-resisting layer has the crack to produce in the digging process, and the crack experience is extended, expansion process connects at last to tunnel top, and the water burst phenomenon takes place.
Conclusion (of pressure testing):
By the testing program that designs a model, select rational monitoring instrument, carried out tunnel excavation karst declogging model investigation, summed up the Changing Pattern of the many field information of tunnel excavation karst declogging omen, main conclusions are as follows:
One, the Changing Pattern of research Tunnel Karst water inrush precursor information, and then realization is to the prediction of Tunnel Karst gushing water, should study the variation of many field information, from the variation of many field information, analyze the correlativity of each, find the main Changing Pattern of water inrush precursor information.
Two, adopt this test unit and method experimental basis is provided for the prediction of Tunnel Karst gushing water, for engineering practice provides basis for forecasting.
Three, the model of the present invention's use can be simulated and be finished under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation, and tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor.
Four, the monitoring instrument sampling rate height of this test employing, can realize real-time monitoring to test, the monitoring element of selecting has the function of waterproof, makes its monitoring function that still can bring into normal play under the situation of meeting water, and the present invention's image data applied widely is enriched the test accuracy height.
Claims (7)
1. tunnel excavation karst declogging test method may further comprise the steps:
1) batching: allocation models test analog material;
2) filler: material is placed model support on request;
3) bury element underground: bury monitoring element underground in specified location;
4) bury water tank underground: water tank is placed model support by assigned address;
5) water filling and monitoring: start each monitoring instrument simultaneously, treat the slow water filling of beginning after 10 minutes, make water level reach the height of appointment, use to keep existing height of water level communicating pipe; Continuous acquisition 12～16 hours is permeated in model until water body and to be reached steady state (SS); The standard that infiltration reaches steady state (SS) be instrument monitoring to index significant change does not take place in time;
6) excavation and monitoring: open video camera in model dead ahead and dead astern, camera is recorded a video, treat to begin tunnel excavation after 10 minutes; Use video camera to take the excavation overall process, the use camera is taken the scene in each tunnel, step excavation back, manual record process of the test SEA LEVEL VARIATIONS DURING; Step excavation is until tunnel generation gushing water phenomenon;
7) position, the water pressure size of change water tank, repeating step (3)～(6);
8) information that obtains by above step draws that tunnel excavation brings out the Changing Pattern of the many field information of water inrush precursor under different water content positions, the different hydraulic pressure situation.
2. a monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging is characterized in that: comprise distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism, optical fiber (FBG) demodulator and computing machine in the model support that is fixed on the pedestal, prefabricated water tank, hydraulic pressure load maintainer, stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring, seepage field mechanism for monitoring, acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring, model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism, the tunnel, model excavation back; Wherein,
Prefabricated water tank is positioned at the inside of model support, and the hydraulic pressure load maintainer is positioned at the top of model support;
Stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring and seepage field mechanism for monitoring all are positioned at the inside of model support, and each mechanism for monitoring links to each other with computing machine by the optical fiber (FBG) demodulator;
Acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring is positioned at the model support surface, and links to each other with the acoustic emission main frame by prime amplifier;
Model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism is installed in the dead ahead of model support, and links to each other with computing machine;
The dead ahead that distortion in the tunnel, model excavation back and gushing water sampling mechanism are installed in the model tunnel, and link to each other with computing machine.
3. a kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described hydraulic pressure load maintainer is the water level pipe of band scale.
4. a kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described stress field mechanism for monitoring, deformation field mechanism for monitoring, temperature field mechanism for monitoring, seepage field mechanism for monitoring are respectively optical fiber stress sensor, displacement transducer, temperature sensor, osmotic pressure sensor.
5. a kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described acoustic emission field mechanism for monitoring is the acoustic emission probe.
6. a kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described model surface displacement deformation sampling mechanism comprises camera and Digital Video tripod, it is installed in the dead ahead of model support, and camera links to each other with computing machine.
7. a kind of monitoring device that is used for the test of tunnel excavation karst declogging according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: distortion and gushing water sampling mechanism in the tunnel, described model excavation back comprise video camera and Digital Video tripod, it is installed in the dead ahead in model tunnel, and video camera links to each other with computing machine.
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