CN104535728A - Two-dimensional physical simulation test system and method for water inrush disaster of deep-buried tunnel - Google Patents
Two-dimensional physical simulation test system and method for water inrush disaster of deep-buried tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN104535728A CN104535728A CN201510018120.9A CN201510018120A CN104535728A CN 104535728 A CN104535728 A CN 104535728A CN 201510018120 A CN201510018120 A CN 201510018120A CN 104535728 A CN104535728 A CN 104535728A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-dimensional physical simulation test system for water inrush disasters of a deeply buried tunnel, which comprises a rigid test box, a water pressure servo control system, a vertical loading system, a pressure sensor and a permeation pressure sensor, wherein the rigid test box is of a cubic structure with an opening at the upper part, a high-strength glass plate is arranged on the front side surface of the rigid test box, a reserved tunnel portal is arranged on the high-strength glass plate, rock similar materials are paved inside the rigid test box, a karst cave cavity is buried at a preset position, the pressure stress sensor and the permeation pressure sensor are arranged on the periphery of the karst cave cavity and the tunnel, the karst cave cavity is communicated with the water pressure servo control system through a high-pressure water pipe, and the opening at the upper part of the rigid test box is loaded to a set load value through the. The two-dimensional model test system and the test method thereof have the advantages of simple structure, high strength, high rigidity and good water sealing performance, and can be used for more visually observing the surrounding rock fracture evolution characteristics in the water inrush process of the tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Tunnel Engineering technical field, particularly relating to a kind of pilot system for simulating deep tunnel water bursting disaster and tunnel surrounding destruction unstability.
Background technology
Deep tunnel water bursting disaster catastrophe evolution mechanism is one of focus and difficult point in state key fundamental research development plan (973) tackling of key scientific and technical problems.At present, China's traffic and hydraulic engineering field edpth of tunnel significantly increase, km buried depth continues to bring out, Jinping hydropower station diversion tunnel buried depth even reaches 2525m, the construction time disaster brought thus is on the rise, wherein, gushing water is Serious geological disasters common in tunnel excavating process, brings great potential safety hazard and economic loss to engineering construction.It is disclose the important research means of underground works gushing water catastrophe evolution and instability Mechanism that deep tunnel gushing water causes calamity mechanism physical simulation experiment system, thus contributes to taking reasonable effectively preventing measure to reduce or to avoid the generation of water bursting disaster in tunnel at great depth construction.
" Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering " the 7th phase in 2009 and application number be 200810031466.2 patent of invention describe a kind of offshore mining top board seepage flow sudden inflow test unit, under this device can embody tectonic stress and upper water pressure, overlayer deadweight acting in conjunction, offshore mining top board seepage flow sudden inflow.But this device can not simulate actual recovery process completely, can only just it be generalized as several important stages of mining and carry out; This device can only be simulated and be caused calamity water source and compose and deposit the situation with roof, and in Practical Project, causing calamity water source structure is arbitrary with tunnel (lane) road relative tertiary location, and this embodies the limitation of this device.
Application number be 201110264763.3 patent of invention describe a kind of for simulating the pilot system of adopting coal seam bottom water bursting, this device can simulate deep-well height hydraulic pressure and base plate lithological change, Water Inrush overall process, thus obtains the related data of Water Inrush.But this device can only simulate Water Inrush in simulation gushing water process, can not change water bursting sources position equally.
Author is luxuriant vertical unit, 2010 Shandong University doctor thesis " submerged tunnel adjoining rock stability Journal of Sex Research and cover thickness thereof are determined " describe a kind of self-weight stress field fluid structure interaction mode experimental provision, this device can change overlying water height and dash forward water burst to simulate subaqueous tunnel under fluid structure interaction.But the size of this device source pressure depends on the relative height in open topped pond and tunnel, be difficult to obtain the source pressure up to MPa rank in Practical Project.
" Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering " the 5th phase in 2013 and application number be 201110412569.5 patent of invention describe a kind of submarine tunnel fluid-solid coupling model test system, seepage field and stress field under this pilot system energy simulated field truth, can in direct vision work progress in seabed tunnel country rock seepage flow characteristics and loading procedure country rock break and gushing water process.But this pilot system designs for Jiaozhou Bay of Qingdao seabed tunnel, its natural defect is had in tunnel gushing water experimental study, as position, water source can not be changed, and can not change water source moisture storage capacity, can not realize deep high-ground stress and water pressure etc., be difficult to realize the physical simulation to buried Karst Tunnel water bursting disaster.
Due to people's understanding and the restriction of technical elements, tunnel gushing water Eccentric Loads in Layered Soils and Research was just launched in recent years gradually, correlation model pilot system and research rarely have report, and the tunnel gushing water model assay systems researched and developed at present mainly exists following several deficiency: hydraulic pressure accurately controls, position, water source is adjustable, water shutoff performance etc.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system and test method thereof, simple structure, intensity be high, rigidity is large, water shutoff is functional, different buried depth tunnel stress field and seepage field, different stress field can be simulated under the variation characteristic of tunnel gushing water sign, gushing water process stress field of the surrounding rock and displacement field, the two dimensional model pilot system that country rock failure evolvement feature in tunnel gushing water process can be observed intuitively and test method thereof.
Technical scheme: for achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, comprise implosion test case, hydraulic pressure servo-control system, vertical loading system, pressure transducer and seepage pressure sensor, described implosion test case is the cube structure of upper opening, its leading flank is high strength glass plate, reserved tunnel face established by described high strength glass plate, rock analog material is had in described implosion test case laid inside, and bury solution cavity cavity underground in precalculated position, at described solution cavity cavity and tunnel perimeter, compressive stress sensor and seepage pressure sensor are set, described solution cavity cavity is communicated with hydraulic pressure servo-control system by high-pressure water pipe, described implosion test upper box part aperture position is loaded on setting payload values by vertical loading system.Wherein, the size of described solution cavity cavity and position can change.
Further, reserve tunnel face tunneling by described glass plate, installation position displacement sensor on tunnel, and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe is installed.
Further, also comprise digital camera system and data acquisition system (DAS), described digital camera system is arranged on outside implosion test case, and described compressive stress sensor, seepage pressure sensor, displacement transducer are connected with the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) with the signal output part of ultrasonic probe.
Further, described vertical loading system comprises top backing plate, hydraulic jack and hydraulic power unit, and be fixedly installed some hydraulic jacks below the backing plate of described top, described hydraulic jack is connected with hydraulic power unit.
Further, described implosion test case comprises implosion test frame and steel plate, described steel plate is separately positioned on the bottom surface of implosion test frame, left surface, right flank and below, described high strength glass plate is arranged on before implosion test frame, floor before described high strength glass plate the upper side and lower side is arranged respectively, described front floor and implosion test frame are fixed.
The test method of deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, comprises following test procedure:
1) assembling implosion test frame becomes implosion test case with steel plate, is fixedly installed on implosion test frame by high strength glass plate and front floor;
2) rock analog material is laid in implosion test case, and bury solution cavity cavity underground at rock analog material predetermined interior position, be communicated with solution cavity cavity and hydraulic pressure servo-control system by high-pressure water pipe, compressive stress sensor and seepage pressure sensor are set at solution cavity cavity and tunnel perimeter; Install digital camera system and data acquisition system (DAS) outward in chamber, described compressive stress sensor is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) with the data line of seepage pressure sensor;
3) after rock analog material has been laid, vertical loading system is installed thereon, opens hydraulic power unit, by hydraulic jack, vertical load is applied to setting value to rock analog material;
4) to water filling in solution cavity cavity, after solution cavity cavity full water, by hydraulic pressure servo-control system, setting hydraulic pressure value is forced into solution cavity cavity;
5) reserve tunnel face by glass plate and carry out tunnel excavation on rock analog material, after tunnel excavation completes, installation position displacement sensor on tunnel, and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe is installed, institute's displacement sensors is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) with the data line of ultrasonic probe;
6) in tunnel excavation process and gushing water process, data acquisition system (DAS) and the continual image data of digital camera system and image, the acoustic emission information that the change of monitoring tunnel surrounding stress field, displacement field, seepage pressure and protrusion-dispelling rock mass Progressive failure cause.
Beneficial effect: compared with prior art, adopt fitting type rubber bar Water sealing method at glass plate and general frame junction, water sealing effect is good in the present invention; Adopt solution cavity cavity simulation water-bearing cave, cavity size and position can be regulated to simulate different engineering practice; Apply water pressure by hydraulic pressure servo-control system, water pressure can be regulated more accurately; Vertical loading system can simulate tunnel surrounding primary stress field under different buried depth condition; By digital camera system real time image collection, the displacement field variation monitoring result of tunnel surrounding is more accurate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of implosion test frame.
The embedded water shutoff rubber strip of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is high-strength tempering glass structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of implosion test upper box part backing plate.
Fig. 5 is the front view of floor before implosion test case.
Fig. 6 is vertical loading system structural representation.
Fig. 7 is hydraulic pressure servo-control system structural representation.
Fig. 8 is that deep tunnel gushing water causes calamity mechanism two dimensional model test system architecture schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 8, deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, comprises implosion test case, hydraulic pressure servo-control system 8, vertical loading system, pressure transducer 13 and seepage pressure sensor 131.Described implosion test case is the cube structure of upper opening, described implosion test case comprises implosion test frame in accompanying drawing 1 and steel plate, described steel plate is separately positioned on the bottom surface of implosion test frame, left surface, right flank and below, high strength glass plate in accompanying drawing 2 is arranged on the leading flank of implosion test frame and is bolted with implosion test frame, between high strength glass plate and implosion test frame, seam crossing arranges fitting type rubber bar, can prevent from leaking.Floor (as shown in Figure 5) before described high strength glass plate the upper side and lower side is arranged respectively, described front floor and implosion test frame are fixed, described high-strength tempered glass and floor with the use of, increase the rigidity of implosion test case front panel.
Reserved tunnel face 3 established by described high strength glass plate, rock analog material is had in described implosion test case laid inside, and bury solution cavity cavity 9 underground at rock analog material predetermined interior position, size and the position of described solution cavity cavity 9 can change, and deposit position and quiet reserves by the position of adjustment solution cavity cavity 9 and the tax in size simulation water bursting disaster source.Need the position detecting surrouding rock stress and osmotic pressure to arrange compressive stress sensor 13 and seepage pressure sensor 131 at described solution cavity cavity 9 periphery, in described solution cavity cavity 9, fill edible salt, when to water filling in solution cavity cavity 9, edible salt dissolves can form solution cavity.Described solution cavity cavity 9 is communicated with the hydraulic pressure servo-control system 8 in accompanying drawing 7 by high-pressure water pipe, described hydraulic pressure servo-control system 8 maximum working pressure (MWP) 6MPa.Described implosion test upper box part aperture position is loaded by the vertical loading system in accompanying drawing 6, described vertical loading system comprises top backing plate, hydraulic jack 6 and hydraulic power unit 7 in accompanying drawing 4, some hydraulic jacks 6 are fixedly installed below the backing plate of described top, described top backing plate is fixedly installed on implosion test upper box part by high-strength bolt, described hydraulic jack 6 is connected with hydraulic power unit 7, open oil return valve and hydraulic power unit 7, can be loaded rock analog material by the cooperation of hydraulic jack 6 and top backing plate.Described top backing plate arranges future insufficiency 5, and the associated connections of described compressive stress sensor 13 and seepage pressure sensor 131 accesses from future insufficiency 5, top backing plate also arranges backing plate handle 4, handled easily.
Tunnel face 3 tunneling is reserved by described glass plate, after tunnel excavation completes, installation position displacement sensor 14 on tunnel, and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of corresponding tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe 15 is installed.Also comprise digital camera system 11 and data acquisition system (DAS) 12, described digital camera system 11 is arranged on outside implosion test case.Described compressive stress sensor 13, seepage pressure sensor 131, displacement transducer 14 are connected with the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) 12 with the signal output part of ultrasonic probe 15.The acoustic emission information that tunnel surrounding stress field, the change of seepage pressure, displacement field and protrusion-dispelling rock mass Progressive failure cause is monitored by compressive stress sensor 13, seepage pressure sensor 131, displacement transducer 14 and ultrasonic probe 15.
The test method of deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, comprises following test procedure:
1) assembling implosion test frame becomes implosion test case with steel plate, is fixed on implosion test frame by high strength glass plate and front floor;
2) rock analog material is laid in implosion test case, and bury solution cavity cavity 9 underground at rock analog material predetermined interior position, be communicated with solution cavity cavity 9 and hydraulic pressure servo-control system 8 by high-pressure water pipe, need monitoring location that compressive stress sensor 13 and seepage pressure sensor 131 are set at solution cavity cavity 9 and tunnel perimeter; Install digital camera system 11 and data acquisition system (DAS) 12 outward in chamber, described compressive stress sensor 13 is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) 12 with the data line of seepage pressure sensor 131;
3) after rock analog material has been laid, vertical loading system is installed thereon, opens hydraulic power unit 7, apply vertical load to setting value by hydraulic jack 6 pairs of rock analog materials, after vertical load reaches design load, close hydraulic power unit 7;
4) to water filling in solution cavity cavity 9, after solution cavity cavity 9 full water, the air in solution cavity cavity 9 is displaced, and the edible salt in it is dissolved, then be forced into setting hydraulic pressure value by hydraulic pressure servo-control system 8 pairs of solution cavity cavitys;
5) reserve tunnel face 3 by glass plate and carry out tunnel excavation on rock analog material, after tunnelling completes, installation position displacement sensor 14 on tunnel, and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe 15 is installed, institute's displacement sensors 14 is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) 12 with the data line of ultrasonic probe 15;
6) in tunnel excavation process and gushing water process, data acquisition system (DAS) 12 and the continual image data of digital camera system 11 and image, the acoustic emission information that the change of monitoring tunnel surrounding stress field, displacement field, seepage pressure and protrusion-dispelling rock mass Progressive failure cause.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, it is characterized in that: comprise implosion test case, hydraulic pressure servo-control system (8), vertical loading system, pressure transducer (13) and seepage pressure sensor (131), described implosion test case is the cube structure of upper opening, its leading flank is high strength glass plate, described high strength glass plate is established reserved tunnel face (3), rock analog material is had in described implosion test case laid inside, and solution cavity cavity (9) is buried underground in precalculated position, at described solution cavity cavity (9) periphery, compressive stress sensor (13) and seepage pressure sensor (131) are set, described solution cavity cavity (9) is communicated with hydraulic pressure servo-control system (8) by high-pressure water pipe, described implosion test upper box part aperture position is loaded on setting payload values by vertical loading system.
2. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: reserve tunnel face (3) tunneling by described glass plate, at tunnel surrounding installation position displacement sensor, surface (14), and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe (15) is installed.
3. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise digital camera system (11) and data acquisition system (DAS) (12), described digital camera system (11) is arranged on outside implosion test case, and described compressive stress sensor (13), seepage pressure sensor (131), displacement transducer (14) are connected with the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) (12) with the signal output part of ultrasonic probe (15).
4. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vertical loading system comprises top backing plate, hydraulic jack (6) and hydraulic power unit (7), be fixedly installed some hydraulic jacks (6) below the backing plate of described top, described hydraulic jack (6) is connected with hydraulic power unit (7).
5. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described implosion test case comprises implosion test frame and steel plate, described steel plate is separately positioned on the bottom surface of implosion test frame, left surface, right flank and below, described high strength glass plate to be arranged on before implosion test frame and to be bolted with implosion test frame, floor before described high strength glass plate the upper side and lower side is arranged respectively, described front floor and implosion test frame are fixed.
6. deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: size and the position of described solution cavity cavity (9) can change.
7. the test method of deep tunnel water bursting disaster two-dimensional physical simulation experiment system, is characterized in that, comprises following test procedure:
1) assembling implosion test frame becomes implosion test case with steel plate, is fixedly installed on implosion test frame by high strength glass plate and front floor;
2) rock analog material is laid in implosion test case, and bury solution cavity cavity (9) underground at rock analog material predetermined interior position, be communicated with solution cavity cavity (9) and hydraulic pressure servo-control system (8) by high-pressure water pipe, compressive stress sensor (13) and seepage pressure sensor (131) are set at solution cavity cavity (9) and tunnel perimeter; Install digital camera system (11) and data acquisition system (DAS) (12) outward in chamber, described compressive stress sensor (13) is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) (12) with the data line of seepage pressure sensor (131);
3) after rock analog material has been laid, vertical loading system is installed thereon, opens hydraulic power unit (7), by hydraulic jack (6), vertical load is applied to setting value to rock analog material;
4) to solution cavity cavity (9) interior water filling, after solution cavity cavity (9) full water, by hydraulic pressure servo-control system (8), setting hydraulic pressure value is forced into solution cavity cavity;
5) reserve tunnel face (3) by glass plate and carry out tunnel excavation on rock analog material, after tunnel excavation completes, installation position displacement sensor (14) on tunnel, and in the high strength glass plate relevant position of tunnel surrounding protrusion-dispelling rock mass, ultrasonic probe (15) is installed, institute's displacement sensors (14) is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) (12) with the data line of ultrasonic probe (15);
6) in tunnel excavation process and gushing water process, data acquisition system (DAS) (12) and digital camera system (11) continual image data and image, the acoustic emission information that the change of monitoring tunnel surrounding stress field, displacement field, seepage pressure and protrusion-dispelling rock mass Progressive failure cause.
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